CHAPTER XI

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 360

Nature study in the Middle Ages. Anatomists of the Renaissance. Acute Italian observation. Leonardo da Vinci. Supposed Church opposition to dissection. All the artists dissectors. Vesalius, father of modern anatomy. Columbus, Fallopius, Eustachius, Aranzi, Servetus. Caesalpinus. Circulation of the blood. Harvey's indebtedness to the Italian anatomists. Botany. Leonardo da Vinci, Brunfels, Fuchs, Tragus, Euricius and Valerius Cordus. Tributes to Valerius Cordus. Caesalpinus as a botanist. Ruellius and Pierre Belon in France. Spanish and Portuguese studies of American and Indian plants