The century of Columbus

Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo the world's greatest painters. Raphael, greatest of religious painters. Born at Urbino. Duke Frederick patron of art. Studies with Ti...

"Mona Lisa." Walter Pater's tribute. The "Last Supper" disclosed genius and methods of artist. The "Madonna of the Rocks." Sculptor, engineer, geologist, anatomist, zoologist, b...

Humble origin of world's greatest genius. Little interest in books. Studio of Ghirlandajo. Academy of Lorenzo de' Medici. Dissections. Early works. Pieta, reason for youthfulnes...

A century rich in painters. Fra Angelico the mystic. Perugino the teacher of Raphael; at the Sistine Chapel; pictures mistaken for Raphael's. Fra Bartolommeo's greatest works. B...

The Netherlands: The brothers Van Eyck forerunners; Roger van der Weyden; Memling's paintings at the Hospital of St. John, Bruges; Dirk Bouts; Quentin Matsys; Lucas van Leyden;...

Ghiberti's doors for the Baptistery at Florence. Donatello. The great equestrian statues of Gatamelata and Colleoni. Donatello's St. George, St. Francis, Bambino Gesu, St. John...

Names of sculptors of Low Countries often unknown. Tombs of Mary of Burgundy and Charles the Bold. Wood-carving, Bruges, Leyden, Haarlem. Germany: Nuremberg, Veit Stoss, Duerer,...

Brunelleschi's dome. Alberti's _"De re aedificatoria":_ Church of San Francesco. Florence, Rucellai, Ricardi and Pitti Palace. Venice; Library of St Mark; Palace of the Doge and...

Renaissance music as original as art and literature. Beginning in Netherlands, Ockenheim, Josquin, Arcadelt. Degrees in music, England. German music, Hans Sachs. Roman music, Cl...

Renaissance appreciation of beautiful books. Artistic manuscripts. Invention of printing. Most beautiful printed books in the world {xii} Our imitation. Books of Hours. Illustra...

Criterion of period; solution of social problems. The climax of guild social influence. Insurance features. No poorhouses, no orphan asylums. Care of ne'er-do-well. Guild of Hol...

The humanity that cares for the ailing. Neglect in more recent times; jail-like hospitals without trained attendants. Beautiful Renaissance hospitals. Florence's Home of the Inn...

A great genius in organization. Career. Political and religious situation in Europe. A new knighthood. {xiii} The "Little Company of Jesus." The Spiritual Exercises. Jesuit Miss...

An artist in human will. England at More's birth. Youth. Marriage. Opposes the King. Studies, Louvain, Paris. Busy barrister, care for the poor. Friendship with Erasmus. Family...

Reformation or religious revolt. Change in education and its effect on men's minds. Janssen on intellectual movement of the Renaissance. Reformers, Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII. F...

Prince Henry the navigator. John II of Portugal. Bartholomew Dias. Vasco da Gama. Columbus. Amerigo Vespucci. The Cabots. Magellan. Circumnavigation of the globe. South Sea disc...

A glorious chapter of American history before 1550. Sidney Lee contrasts Spanish and English influence in America. Professor Bourne on early American culture. Mexican education....

Renaissance women. Isabella of Castile. Genius for peace and war. Power of administration. Education. Housewifely virtues. Care for Indians. Prescott's contrast of Isabella and...

Phases of feminine education before our time. Italian universities. Benedictine convents. Charlemagne's time. St. Brigid of Ireland. Vittorino da Feltre and his pupils. Guarino....

Science developed as wonderfully as art and literature. Translations of the classics of science. Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa. Puerbach. Regiomontanus. Cardinal Bessarion. Scientif...

Nature study in the Middle Ages. Anatomists of the Renaissance. Acute Italian observation. Leonardo da Vinci. Supposed Church opposition to dissection. All the artists dissector...

Standards of education. Clinical teaching. Rabelais' principles. Early printed medical books. Leonicenus. Linacre. Caius. Montanus. Paracelsus, chemistry and medicine, physical...

Printing of old surgical text-books. Magnificent hospitals. Study of gunshot wounds. Ambroise Pare. Experiments with bullets. Surgical specialties. Orthopedics. Bone surgery. Bl...

Latin the universal language of scholars. Three great books: The "Imitation of Christ," "Utopia" and the "Spiritual Exercises" of St Ignatius. The "Imitation" the most influenti...

Age of Leo X. Ariosto "very nearly if not quite supreme" (Saintsbury). Orlando Furioso. Ariosto's similes, sonnet. Italian Mystery and Miracle plays. Ballads. Carnival songs. Lo...

Villon. Prince Charles of Orleans. Clement Marot. Francis I as an author. Margaret of Navarre. "The Marguerites" of Marguerite. A French poetess of passion. Melin de Saint Gelai...

Queen Isabella's letters. St. Teresa's mystical writings. The Tales of Chivalry. Amadis de Gaul. Tales of Roguery, Celestina, Lazarillo de Tormes. Mystical writers, John of Avil...

English dramatic literature-- "Everyman," Passion and Nativity Plays, Interludes. "Marriage of Witte and Science" first play marked off into acts and scenes. Dramatic quality of...

Greek teachers, Chalcondyles, Gaza, Trebizond and Argyropulos. Pope Nicholas V. Academy of Florence. Landino, Ficino and Politian. Italian academies. Pomponius Laetus, Platina,...

Nowhere scholarship deeper than in Germany. Brothers of the Common Life, founders, purpose. Great pupils. Nicholas of Cusa. Rudolph Agricola. John of Dalberg. Jacob Wimpheling....

Every country in Europe interested in the New Learning. The first teacher of the French, Aleander, an Italian. Bude (Budaeus), devotion to study. Foundation of College de France...

Any attempt at proper consideration of the book of the arts of Columbus' Century must begin with the three great names of Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. They are t...

When it was announced that the "Mona Lisa" had been stolen from the Louvre a thrill of solicitude that was almost dismay went through the civilized world. Its recovery has been...

Probably the greatest artistic genius that the world has ever known, certainly the man who was best able to express his thoughts most perfectly in every mode of art, with chisel...

Perhaps nothing illustrates better the wealth of genius in what we have called Columbus' Century than the fact that after detailed accounts of the lives of Raphael, Michelangelo...

While it is the custom to think of our period, Columbus' Century, as the time of the Renaissance, owing its inspiration to the rebirth of Greek ideas into the modern world, it m...

Columbus' Century was destined to see the creation of some of the finest sculpture since the time of the Greeks. Probably in no department of art does this period stand out as s...

While Italy excelled in sculpture at this time, as indeed in every department of art, the other countries of Europe practically all enjoyed a magnificent period of development i...

Just as the introduction of Greek ideas gave a new impetus to literature and art and sculpture and painting, so it did also, and perhaps to an even greater degree, to architectu...

Everyone concedes the supreme accomplishment of Italy in the arts of painting, sculpture, architecture, and even in the lesser arts and crafts during the Renaissance period, whi...

The scholarship of this century is well known to all the world, and the Renaissance is looked upon as the time when the deep knowledge of the classics, the New Learning or Human...

Any century that does not display an important evolution of works for the benefit of the poor whom we have "always with us," of organized effort for the ailing who are inevitabl...

An excellent criterion of the social status of any period in history is the genuine humanitarian purpose that animates it, and how seriously it takes the duty of caring for thos...

While painters and sculptors and architects and poets during the Renaissance period were creating masterpieces that were to influence all succeeding generations, a Spanish soldi...

While in this great period of the Renaissance, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and so many others, were demonstrating the power of the human mind to express itself...

During the last quarter of Columbus' Century, Europe was very seriously disturbed and the minds of men very much occupied with the movement which has come to be called in Englis...

Columbus was not the first great successful explorer of this century that we have called by his name. Many daring navigators, particularly during the half century preceding the...

Since our English colonization of America did not take place until the seventeenth century--Jamestown, 1607; Plymouth, 1620--it is ordinarily presumed, in English-speaking count...

Probably what must be considered the most interesting chapter in the history of Columbus' Century for our generation is that which tells the story of the women of the time who a...

There is probably no more interesting phase of Columbus' Century for our time than its feminine education, for the education of women had a period of important development in th...

While it is universally conceded that the Renaissance was a supremely great period in all the arts and literature, in education and scholarship, and that its geographical discov...

It is usually assumed that the biological sciences have developed in comparatively recent years and that above all nearly 500 years ago in the fifteenth century there could be n...

It is not surprising that there should have been a magnificent century of achievement in medicine at this time because their standards of medical education were at a high level...

Ordinarily it is assumed that surgery has received almost its only and its greatest development in our time. Probably no development of knowledge that has come to us in the rece...

The Latin literature produced during Columbus' period, or at least the books written in Latin, are literally legion. There has seldom been an age of greater literary productivit...

As I have said in the Introduction, in spite of the supreme greatness of the artistic products of Columbus' Century, its paintings, sculpture and architecture, the literature of...

The French literature of Columbus' Century is but little, if at all, below that of Italy in world influence and interest. It was ushered in by that alluring character, the vagab...

The Spanish literature of the period contains some all-important material of great significance not only for Spanish literature itself, but also for the literature of the world....

The English literature of Columbus' Century obtained some of its triumphs very early in the period in a literary department, that of dramatics, in which other nations achieved l...

One of the most important chapters in the great accomplishment of the men of this century is its scholarship--that is, the critical and appreciative knowledge of what men had wr...

Germany and the closely-related Teutonic countries are the only part of Europe which did not create a distinct national literature during this Renaissance period. It is true tha...

While Italy was literally the _alma mater studiorum_ during the Renaissance, and Germany probably accomplished more in scholarly education at this time that influenced succeedin...