Part 60

=What= does the air weigh? 398 animal can leap the greatest distance? 122 causes an arrow to fly? 408 makes some people bald? 143 keeps a balloon up? 199 makes a ball stop bouncing, 63 are ball bearings? 180 happens when a bee stings? 537 makes the hills look blue sometimes? 255 makes me blush? 194 was the origin and meaning of bread? 460 is the hottest spot on earth? 239 holds a building up? 496 makes a bubble explode, 108 is carbonic acid? 509 is a cable made of? 429 is the eye of the camera? 22 do ocean cables look like when cut in two? (illus.), 428 do we mean by 18-carat fine? 266 is clay? 495 is color? 123 produces the colors we see? 123 makes the colors in the rainbow? 254 makes the colors of the sunset? 253 are cocoa shells? 390 is cement? 95 is cement used for? 95 a cement mill looks like (illus.), 96 is cement made of? 95 is cement used for, 95 is concrete? 95 makes some things in the same room colder than others? 144 does woolen cloth come from? 80 was the cross-bow? 44 are diamonds made of? 351 causes dimples? 352 makes us dream? 366 were man’s first divisions of time? 314 makes things whirl around when I am dizzy? 402 is dust? 104 becomes of the dust? 104 are drone bees good for? 531 is meant by deadening a floor or a wall? 79 causes earache? 410 makes an echo? 200 are the principal parts of an elevator? 396 causes the explosion in a gas engine? (illus.), 182 happens when anything explodes? 205 is an element? 349 makes the hollow place in a boiled egg? 179 is electricity? 329 is an electric current? 334 makes an electric magnet lift things? 326 do we mean by Fahrenheit? 221 makes a fish move in swimming? 233 is fog? 105 makes the water from a fountain shoot into the air? 198 makes freckles come? 125 makes a gasoline engine go? 181 is gravitation? 267 does specific gravity mean? 268 makes a cold glass crack if we put hot water in it? 63 are ghosts? 367 causes the gurgle when I pour water from a bottle? 63 causes hail? 124 is the horizon? 244 causes a hot box? 368 good are the lines on the palms of our hands? 402 does horse-power mean? 256 is hydrogen gas? 349 makes us feel hungry? 243 makes knots in boards? 223 were the earliest lamps? 295 were the lamps of the wise and foolish maidens? 295 happens when we laugh? 93 makes us laugh when glad? 92 is a leyden jar? 332 is a lodestone? 327 makes lobsters turn red? 245 makes the lump come in my throat when I cry? 195 makes a match light when we strike it? 198 would we do without matches? 292 is a metal? 265 is the most valuable metal? 265 is the milky way? 255 is a molecule? 348 is money? 455 is motion? 61 made the mountains? 401 is music? 478 does a note in music consist of? 490 is organic matter? 174 is oxygen? 349 is nitrogen? 350 makes nitroglycerin explode so readily? 206 causes nightmare? 367 is pain and why does it hurt? 244 makes the different colors in paint? 229 is pitch in music? 489 is the principle of the wireless? 455 makes some pencils hard and others soft? 467 makes rays of light? 230 makes us red in the face? 192 makes the rings in the water when I throw a stone into it? 197 is rubber? 386 is wild rubber? 387 should I do if stung by a bee? 537 is the cause of shadows? 495 makes the sea roar? 401 does the bottom of the sea look like? 220 becomes of the smoke? 106 and why is smoke? 105 causes the smoke when a gun goes off? 206 is smokeless powder made of? 206 makes snowflakes white? 409 depth of snow is equivalent to an inch of rain? 241 is soap made of? 411 makes a soap bubble? 108 shot tower looks like? 51 makes us sneeze? 194 is silver? 207 happens when we stretch? 193 makes me want to stretch? 192 happens when I swallow? 195 is sound? 485 are the properties of sound? 486 are the sounds we hear in a sea shell? 79 makes the sounds like waves in a sea shell? 79 does a sounding board do? 488 is meant by the length of sound waves? 487 makes us thirsty? 243 makes me tired? 403 a great steamship looks like inside (illus.), 346 did the first telephone look like? (illus.), 72 occurs when we think? 194 are the big tanks near the gas works for? 298 makes the stars twinkle? 38 a ship’s turbine looks like (illus.), 344 is the largest tree in the world? 242 happens when we telephone? 65 makes water boil? 220 is the boiling-point of water? 220 causes a whispering gallery? 201 makes a wireless message go? 455 makes the works of a watch go? 368 makes the white caps on the waves white? 410 is worry? 207 causes the wind’s whistle? 139 makes the kettle whistle? 198 causes wrinkles? 196 are X-rays? 307 is yeast? 288

=When= did man first try to fly? 126 did man begin to live? 174 were candles introduced? 296 was illuminating gas discovered? 302 was wheat first used in making bread? 461 I throw a ball into the air, while walking why does it follow me? 401 was silk culture introduced in America? 111 were street lamps first used? 295

=Where= does bread come from? 460 does water in the ocean go at low tide? 219 does silk come from? 109 are we when asleep? 365 did the name calico come from? 123 cement is obtained (illus.), 97 does chalk come from? 18 does chocolate come from? 388 our coal comes from? 257 does cotton come from? 470 does the day begin? 324 does the day change? 325 did the term Dixie originate? 123 does honey come from? 526 is the horizon? 244 does the hour change? 325 the gas is taken from the coal (illus.), 299 did all the names of people come from? 20 did the expression “kick the bucket” originate? 321 does leather come from? 538 do living things come from? 174 did life begin on earth? 174 do we get ivory? 239 do lead pencils come from? 466 does the wooden part of a lead pencil come from? 469 does a light go when it goes out? 36 does linseed oil come from? 227 does paint come from? 224 does the rain go? 222 are the best Persian rugs made? 167 does rope come from? 353 does salt come from? 493 do we get soda? 494 do all the little round stones come from? 494 does the part of a stocking go that was where the hole comes? 64 does sound come from? 78 do school slates come from? 495 do shoes come from? 541 do sponges come from? 286 do tears come from? 94 do the tears go? 94 did the name tobacco originate? 512 is Havana tobacco grown? 513 does tobacco come from? 512 does tobacco grow? 512 did all the water in the ocean come from? 218 does our drinking water come from? 501 does most of our wool come from? 81 does the wind begin? 139 is the wind when it is not blowing? 139 does wool come from? 80 did the term Yankee originate? 243

=Wheat=, bread loaves of the world, 459 grinding (illus.), 464 harvesting (illus.), 460 scouring of, 463 tempering of, 463 when first used in making bread, 461 will it grow wild? 461

=Wheel-lock= rifle (illus.), 46

=Whispering gallery=, accidental, 201 cause of, 201 what it is, 201

=Whistle=, what makes the kettle? 198

=White Lead=, making (illus.), 225 buckles, before corrosion (illus.), 225 buckles after corrosion (illus.), 225 buckles, making, 225

=Who= started to make clothing from wool in America? 81 discovered electricity? 333 invented electric telegraph? 420 made the first felt hat? 239 made the first cent? 458 made the first submarine boat? 280 first discovered the silkworm? 109 first discovered the power of gunpowder? 44 invented flying? 126 made the first piano? 478 brought the first sheep to America? 80 first wove silk thread into cloth? 109 make the first shoes? 541 made the first umbrella? 312

=Why= don’t the air ever get used up? 140 can’t we see air? 140 do we grow aged? 196 does an apple turn brown when cut? 106 do coats have buttons on the sleeves? 64 has a long coat buttons on the back? 64 cannot babies walk as soon as born? 180 are some people bald? 144 don’t the birds stay South? 408 does a ball bounce? 63 does a balloon go up? 199 do we call voting balloting? 122 does a barber pole have stripes? 310 do some things bend and others break? 62 do the birds come back in the Spring? 407 do birds sing? 408 do birds go South in the Winter? 407 are birds’ eggs of different colors? 233 has a bee a sting? 336 can you blow out a candle? 21, 36 are bubbles round? 108 does red make a bull angry? 490 do we get a bump instead of a dent when we knock our heads? 201 can’t we burn stones? 105 has a long coat buttons? 64 is bread so important? 460 do I get out of breath when running? 191 do we call a cab a hansom? 122 does a hen cackle after laying an egg? 233 do children like candy? 409 is cement called Portland cement? 95 do I get cold in a warm room? 125 is it cold in winter? 141 does cold make our hands blue? 192 does an ear of corn have silk? 170 do we count in tens? 10 we cannot see in the dark, 91 does the dark cause fear? 352 do we have to die? 245 does a dog turn round and round before he lies down, 229 do we know we have dreamed when we wake up? 367 does eating candy make some people fat? 409 doesn’t an elevator fall? 397 do our eyes sparkle when we are merry? 92 do the eyes of some pictures follow us? 35 is it difficult to walk straight with my eyes closed? 91 do I get red in the face? 192 are some faculties stronger than others? 403 is a fire hot? 401 does a fire go out? 37 we fear the dark? 352 cannot fishes live in air? 232 do we have finger nails? 142 are our fingers of different lengths? 142 have we five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot? 142 do we have finger nails? 142 does a gasoline engine go? 181 do girls like dolls? 368 is gold called precious? 266 are gold and silver best for coining? 457 is some gun-powder fine and others coarse grained? 206 are some guns called gatling guns? 310 does a glow-worm glow? 231 do we stop growing? 195 do we have hair? 143 does the hair grow after the body stops growing? 144 don’t my hair hurt when it is being cut? 143 does my hair stand on end when I am frightened? 143 is the right hand stronger than the left? 309 does my heart beat faster when I am scared? 191 does the heart beat when the brain is asleep? 191 do our hearts beat faster when we are running? 191 do they call it a honeymoon? 31 is a horseshoe said to bring good luck? 311 does it hurt when I cut my finger? 143 we cry when hurt, 93 does iron turn red when red hot? 107 does iron sink in water? 106 doesn’t an iron ship sink? 106 do we have twelve men on a jury? 239 does a lamp give a better light with the chimney on? 37 are there many languages? 197 do we laugh when glad? 92 is lead so heavy? 267 do they call them lead pencils? 466 must life be reproduced? 174 are some people light and others dark? 402 did people of long ago live longer than we do now? 199 do we use metal for coining? 456 do they call it the milky way? 255 do we need money? 455 does the moon travel with us when we walk or ride? 399 should we not sleep with the moon shining on us? 366 do my muscles get sore when I play ball in the spring? 310 does a nail get hot when hammered? 230 do we have only seven octaves on a piano? 480 does the ocean look blue at times? 219 does oiling the axle make the wheel turn more easily? 400 does an onion make the tears come? 38 can’t I write on paper with a slate pencil? 18 does a pencil write? 18 are some races white and others black, yellow and brown? 537 do they call it pin money? 231 do we call them pistols? 46 do plants produce seeds? 175 does a poker get hot at both ends if left in the fire? 107 does rain make the air fresh? 222 are most people right-handed? 403 don’t we make roads perfectly level? 104 don’t we use pure rubber? 380 does salt make us thirsty? 351 don’t the scenery appear to move when I am in a street car? 399 does the scenery appear to move when we are riding in a train? 399 can cats and some other animals see in the dark? 91 can we see farther when we are up high? 245 do I turn white when scared? 193 does silver tarnish? 266 does the sheep precede the plow in civilizing a country? 81 is the sky blue? 253 do I sneeze? 194 do we see stars when hit on eye? 268 many stars are there? 223 does a stick in water bend? 38 does a sound stop when we touch a gong that has been sounded? 78 can we make sounds with our throats? 78 do people shake with the right hand? 231 do we go to sleep? 365 does it seem when we have slept all night that we have been asleep only a minute? 366 can’t we sleep with our eye open? 92 we can hear through speaking tubes, 487 does a human being have to learn to swim? 125 are cooking utensils made of tin? 267 do we use copper telegraph wires? 266 do my teeth chatter? 218 are some things transparent and others are not? 350 do I laugh when tickled? 93 can we think of only one thing at a time? 193 does thunder always come after the lightning? 140 do we call them wisdom teeth? 125 are some roads called turnpikes? 104 is the sea water salt? 351 will water run off a duck’s back? 233 do we worry? 207 don’t the water in the ocean sink in? 219 is it warm in summer? 141 does water run? 219 do we say water is soft or hard? 221 does a piece of wood float in water? 106 do we wake up in the morning? 365 do I yawn? 173 does yeast make bread rise? 288

=Will= people all be bald sometime? 144 the sky ever fall down? 255

=Windows=, how an explosion breaks them, 62

=Wireless=, accidents, prevention of, 449 aerial on R. R. stations (illus.), 451 aerial on ship (illus.), 455 antennæ, 447 antennæ on trains (illus.), 450 battery, 447 coil, 447 compass, 454 development of, 454 direction finder, 454 distance of sending, 448 equipment, 446 first Marconi station, 452 how it reaches ships at sea, 446 icebergs (illus.), 449 in the army (illus.), 447-448 inventor of, 452 key, 447 masts, height of, 448 G. Marconi, portrait, 452 on trains (illus.), 450 prevents accidents, 449 principles of, 455 receiving station in U. S. Army (illus.), 451 spark gap, 447 stations, shore (illus.), 446 stations on trains (illus.), 450 transmission automatic (illus.), 453 transmission of messages (illus.), 453 what kind of signs are used in? 446 why don’t the message go to the wrong stations, 455 world-wide use, 454

=Wires=, copper telegraph, 266 how put underground (illus.), 76 wire-wound gun, 54

=Wonders= performed by electric lift magnet (illus.), 326

=Wool= beaming (illus.), 89 bobbin in weaving machine, 86 Burling (illus.), 88 burr picker, 87 carding, 85 carding, finisher in cloth making (illus.), 89 chloride of aluminum in making cloth, 87 cleaning, 85 made clothing from, 81 combing (illus.), 86 cost of in a suit of clothes, 83 crop of the United States, 82 dyeing, 85-87 fabrics, 85 fiber description, 83 finishing, box (illus.), 87 finish, perching (illus.), 90 fulling cloth (illus.), 90 gilling after carding (illus.), 86 gilling and making top after combing (illus.), 86 gilling (illus.), 87 greasy matter in, 84 how we get it off the sheep, 82 how much does a sheep produce, 83 how much does America produce, 82 how made into cloth, 85 how woolen cloth is made perfect, 88 how shipped, 82 loom, 86 mending, perching (illus.), 88 mending room (illus.), 88 woolen mule spinning (illus.), 89 napping, 89 next to food as a vital necessity, 81 piece dyeing (illus.), 90 quality of a hundred years ago, 83 raised to sell to manufacturers, 81 reducer machine in wool making (illus.), 87 ring twisting (illus.), 89 shipped to manufacturers, 82 shuttle in weaving, 86 scouring (illus.), 85 sorting (illus.), 84 spinning process, 86 spinning, 89 English cap spinning, 89 in one suit of clothes, 83 sulphuric acid solution in making cloth, 87 teasel, 89 tramper, 82 in United States, bulk of, 82 warp thread, 86 web, 86 weaving (illus.), 88 where does most of our wool come from? 81 woof of, 86 made into yarn, 86 yarn inspecting (illus.), 89 yolk of, 84

=Woolen cloth=, ready for market (illus.), 90

=Woolens and worsteds=, difference between, 84

=Woolworth building= (illus.), 395

=Words=, formation of, 19 the first over a telephone, 74

=World’s= bread loaves (illus.), 459

=Worry=, definition of, 207 what it is, 207 Why we, 207

=Worsted= carding (illus.), 85 fabrics, 85

=Worsteds and woolens=, difference of, 84

=Wright Brothers=, first successful flights, 130

=Wrinkles=, what causes, 196

=Writing=, brush, the (illus.), 13 earliest ways of, 12 first done upon rocks, 11 first imitation of, 12 first metallic pen introduced, 15 fluids for developing, 13 how man learned to, 11 how the monks did their, 14 how a pen writes, 18 modern way of, 16 paper for, earliest, 14 pen, invention of, 11 pen, first steel (illus.), 15 quill, the (illus.), 14 Reed, the, in (illus.), 12 steel tube pen in (illus.), 15 steel pen, modern (illus.), 16 Stylus, the (illus.), 11 with chalk, 18 why a pencil writes, 18

=X-rays=, what are they? 307

=Yankee=, where word originated, 243

=Yarn=, made from wool, 86

=Yawning=, why do, 173 is it infectious, 192

=Yeast=, what it is, 288 why it makes bread rise, 288

=Yes=, meaning of nod, 19

=Zollner, Casper=, inventor of rifling, 46

Transcriber’s Notes

The language used in this ebook is that of the source document, including unusual or archaic spelling. The book was partly written by representatives of the industries concerned; inconsistencies in grammar, spelling, punctuation (including the use of decimal points and commas), style, lay-out, etc. have been retained. Contradictions and repetitions have not been addressed. Alphabetical sorting inconsistencies in the index have not been corrected.

Page 218, ... and have them meet as shown in Fig. 13 ...: The illustrations in this chapter are not numbered. The illustration on page 215 shows the described meeting of the shields.

Page 305, ... (as shown in Fig. 4): the illustrations with this article are not numbered.

Page 307, The X-rays are discharged in straight lines as shown in the figure: there is no such figure in the book.

Pages 328 and 330: page headings WHAT A LODESTONE IS and WHAT ELECTRICITY IS do not relate to the contents of the pages.

Page 336, The pictures shown on the following pages ...: as printed; the illustrations are given on previous pages.

Page 364, reference to figure 6: presumably the four illustrations on this page together form figure 6.

Page 368, When you put oil on the axle, however, ...: some text may be missing.

Page 376, ... or three-sixty-fourths of a second, and: as printed in the source document; some text is obviously missing.

Page 489, ... of much importance. The two classes, only two of which are of much importance. The two classes ...: the redundant text is as printed in the source document.

Page 491: There is no Fig. 4 in the source document; the unnumbered figure in the bottom right of the page is assumed to be Fig. 4.

Page 502, captions with bottom illustration: at least one of the lengths given (4650 and 4560 feet) is likely to be a typographical error.

Page 547, (The welt shoe has always been considered ...: the closing bracket is lacking.

Changes made:

Some minor obvious punctuation and typographical errors and unnecessarily repeated words have been corrected silently.

Illustrations have been moved out of text paragraphs. Page headers have been transcribed as illustration captions (on top of illustrations) or as side notes at a suitable location on the page concerned, so that their reference in the index is (at least approximately) correct.

Text that was not present as such in the source document but that was transcribed from within illustrations is given as part of the illustration caption.

Page 29: ... never see the distance target or vessel ... changed to ... never see the distant target or vessel ....

Page 46: Lock á là Miquelet changed to Lock à la Miquelet.

Pages 74-75: closing double quotes inserted after ... went that very night.; ... had to look after it themselves.; ... speech had really been electrically reproduced. Opening double quotes inserted before Now, it so happened there, ...; My friend, Mr. William Hubbard, ....

Page 114: ... the white mulberry or osage orange are fed the young worms ... changed to ... the white mulberry or osage orange are fed the young worm ....

Page 124: ... called an ablate spheroid ... changed to ... called an oblate spheroid ....

Page 126: Dr. Samuel Pierrpont Langley changed to Dr. Samuel Pierpont Langley.

Page 167: ... against the loose row of cross threads to lighten it ... changed to ... against the loose row of cross threads to tighten it ....

Page 205: ... than the heat will cause the air to expand suddenly ... changed to ... that the heat will cause the air to expand suddenly ...; ... a mixture of potassium, nitrate, or saltpeter, with powdered charcoal and phur ... changed to ... a mixture of potassium nitrate, or saltpeter, with powdered charcoal and sulphur ....

Page 229: ... other machines called Mills,” ... changed to ... other machines called “Mills,” ....; ... which also adds in the drying and the working ... changed to ... which also aids in the drying and the working ....

Page 265: ... there is another, solium, which is solid ... changed to ... there is another, sodium, which is solid ...; ... what is called a reverbratory furnace ... changed to what is called a reverberatory furnace ....

Page 292: PROMOTHEAN MATCH changed to PROMETHEAN MATCH.

Page 375: This toy we speak of was called a zoctrope changed to This toy we speak of was called a zoetrope.

Page 376: ... projected at the rate of fourteen or sixteen to the minute ... changed to ... projected at the rate of fourteen or sixteen to the second ....

Page 377: Footnote anchor [4] inserted.

Page 414 ff.: Ellipses (...) have been added surrounding the continuing page headings and illustration captions.

Pages 419 and 438, Morse codes: for the sake of clarity, the spacing between individual dashes and dots has been increased slightly.

Page 490: ... if a red flag really makes a bull more exited ... changed to ... if a red flag really makes a bull more excited ....