The American Language A Preliminary Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States

Part 33

Chapter 333,315 wordsPublic domain

Coxe, A. Cleveland: Americanisms in England, /Forum/, Oct., 1886.

Crane, W. W.: The American Language, /Putnam's Monthly/, vol. xvi, p. 519.

---- Our Naturalized Names, /Lippincott's Magazine/, vol. lxiii, p. 575, April, 1899.

Crosland, T. W. H.: The Abounding American; London, 1907.

Cushing, J. S. Company: Preparation of Manuscript, Proof Reading, and Office Style at J. S. Cushing Company's; Norwood (Mass.), n. d.

Dana, Richard H., jun: A Dictionary of Sea Terms; London, 1841.

Dawson, A. H.: A Dictionary of English Slang and Colloquialisms; New York, 1913.

Dennis, C. J. Doreen and the Sentimental Bloke; New York, 1916.

/Dialect Notes/, vol. i, 1889-98; vol. ii, 1899-1904; vol. iii, 1905-12; vol. iv, 1913-16; vol. v, 1917-.

Douglas-Lithgow, R. A.: Dictionary of American Indian Place and Proper Names in New England; Salem (Mass.), 1909.

Dubbs, Joseph H.: A Study of Surnames; Lancaster (Pa.), 1886.

Dunlap, Fayette: A Tragedy of Surnames, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv, pt. i, 1913.

Dunlap, Maurice P.: What Americans Talk in the Philippines, /American Review of Reviews/, Aug., 1913.

Dunn, Oscar: Glossaire Franco-Canadien; Quebec, 1880.

Dunstan, A. C.: Englische Phonetik; Berlin, 1912.

Earle, John: The Philology of the English Tongue; London, 1866; 5th ed., 1892.

---- A Simple Grammar of English Now in Use; London, 1898.

Eggleston, Edward: Wild Flowers of English Speech in America, /Century Magazine/, April, 1894.

Egli, Johann J.: Nomina Geographica, 2nd ed.; Zurich, 1893.

---- Der Völkergeist in den geographischen Namen; Zurich, 1894.

Elliott, A. M.: Speech-Mixture in French Canada: English and French, /American Journal of Philology/, vol. x, 1889, p. 133.

Elliott, John (and Samuel Johnson, Jr.): A Selected Pronouncing and Accented Dictionary ...; Suffield (Conn.), 1800.

Ellis, Alexander J.: On Early English Pronunciation, 4 vols.; London, 1869-89.

---- On Glosik, a Neu Sistem ov Inglish Spelling; London, 1870.

Elwyn, A. L.: A Glossary of Supposed Americanisms ...; Phila., 1859.

Emerson, Oliver Farrar: The Future of American Speech, /Dial/, vol. xiv.

---- A History of the English Language; New York, 1894.

English, Thomas Dunn: Irish in America, /New York Times/, Nov. 5, 1898.

Fallows, Samuel; Handbook of Briticisms, Americanisms, Colloquial and Provincial Words and Phrases; Chicago, 1883.

Farmer, John S.: Americanisms Old and New ...; London, 1889.

---- (and W. E. Henley): A Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English; London, 1905.

---- (and W. E. Henley): Slang and its Analogues, 7 vols.; London, 1890-1904.

Ferguson, Robert: Surnames as a Science; London, 1883.

Fernald, F. A.: Ingglish az She iz Spelt; New York, 1885.

Ferraz, Juan Fernándes: Nahuatlismos de Costa Rica; San José de Costa Rica, 1892.

Field, Eugene: London letter in /Chicago News/, March 10, 1890.

Flaten, Nils: Notes on American-Norwegian, with a Vocabulary, /Dialect Notes/, vol. ii, pt. ii, 1900.

Flom, George T.: English Elements in Norse Dialects of Utica, Wisconsin, /Dialect Notes/, vol. ii, pt. iv, 1902.

Flügel, Felix: Die englische Philologie in Nordamerika, /Gersdorf's Repertorium/, 1852.

---- Die englische Sprache in Nordamerika, /Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen/, band iv, heft i; Braunschweig, 1848.

Fowler, H. W. (and F. G. Fowler): The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, 4th ed.; Oxford, 1914.

---- The King's English, 2nd ed.; Oxford, 1908.

Fowler, Wm. C.: The English Language ..., 2nd ed.; New York, 1855.

Franklin, Benjamin: Scheme for a New Alphabet and a Reformed Mode of Spelling; Phila., 1768.

Franzmeyer, F.: Studien über den Konsonantismus und Vokalismus der neuenglischen Dialekte; Strassburg, 1906.

Freeman, Edward A.: Some Points in American Speech and Customs, /Longman's Magazine/, Nov., 1882.

Funk & Wagnalls Company: Style-card; New York, 1914.

Geikie, A. S.: Canadian English, /Canadian Journal/, vol. ii, 1857, p. 344.

Gentry, Thomas G.: Family Names from the Irish, Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman and Scotch; Phila., 1892.

Gerek, William (and others): Is There Really Such a Thing as the American Language?, /New York Sun/, March 10, 1918.

Giles, Richard: Slang and Vulgar Phrases; New York, 1913.

Gould, Edwin S.: Good English ...; New York, 1867.

Grade, P.: Das neger Englisch, /Anglia/, vol. xiv.

Graham, G. F.: A Book About Words; London, 1869.

Grandgent, C. H.: English in America, /Die Neueren Sprachen/, vol. ii, pp. 443 and 520.

----Fashion and the Broad /A/, /Nation/, Jan. 7, 1915.

----From Franklin to Lowell: a Century of New England Pronunciation, /Publications of the Modern Language Association/, vol. ii.

---- Notes on American Pronouns, /Modern Language Notes/, vol. vi, p. 82; /ibid./, p. 458.

de la Grasserie, Raoul: Étude scientifique sur l'argot et le parler populaire; Paris, 1907.

Green, B. W.: Word-book of Virginia Folk-speech; Richmond, 1899.

Greenough, James B. (and George L. Kittredge): Words and Their Ways in English Speech; New York, 1902.

Haldeman, S. S.: Pennsylvania Dutch ...; London, 1872.

Hale, Horatio: The Origin of Languages, /Proc. American Association for the Advancement of Science/, 1886.

Hale, W. G. (and others): Report of the Joint Committee on Grammatical Nomenclature Appointed by the National Education Association, the Modern Language Association of America, and the American Philological Association; Chicago, 1918.

[Hall, B. H.]: A Collection of College Words and Customs; Cambridge (Mass.), 1851; 2nd ed., 1856.

Hall, Fitzedward: English, Rational and Irrational, /Nineteenth Century/, Sept., 1880.

---- Modern English; New York, 1873.

---- Recent Exemplifications of False Philology; New York, 1872.

Halliwell (-Phillips), J. O.: A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs ..., 2 vols.; London, 1847.

---- A Dictionary of Archaisms and Provincialisms, Containing Words Now Obsolete in England, All of Which are Familiar and in Common Use in America; 2nd ed., London, 1850.

Hancock, Elizabeth H.: Southern Speech, /Neale's Monthly/, Nov., 1913.

Hancock, T.: Newspaper English, /Academy/, Jan. 29, 1898.

Harrison, Henry: A Dictionary of the Surnames of the United Kingdom; London, 1912.

Harrison, James A.: Negro English, /Proc. American Philological Association/, 1885.

Hart, Horace: Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford; 23rd ed.; London, 1914.

Hartt, Irene Widdemar: Americanisms, /Education/, vol. xiii.

Hastings, Basil MacDonald: More Americanisms (interview), /New York Tribune/, Jan. 19, 1913.

Hayden, Mary (and Marcus Hartog): The Irish Dialect of English: Its Origins and Vocabulary; /Fortnightly Review/, April and May, 1909.

Hays, H. M.: On the German Dialect Spoken in the Valley of Virginia, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iii, pt. iv, 1908.

Head, Edmund Walker: /Shall/ and /Will/, or Two Chapters on Future Auxiliary Verbs; London, 1856.

Healy, J. F.: The American Language; Pittsburgh, 1910.

Helfenstein, James: A Comparative Grammar of the Teutonic Languages ...; London, 1870.

Hempl, George: Language Rivalry and Speech-Differentiation in the Case of Race-Mixture, /Tr. American Philological Assoc./, vol. xxix, p. 31.

---- The Study of American English, /Chautauquan/, vol. xxii, p. 436.

Herrig, Ludwig: Die englische Sprache und Literatur in Nord-Amerika, /Der neueren Sprachen/, vol. xii, p. 24; vol. xiii, pp. 76 and 241; vol. xiv, p. 1.

Higginson, T. W.: American Flash Language in 1798, /Science/, May, 1885.

---- English and American Speech, /Harper's Bazar/, vol. xxx, p. 958.

Hill, Adams Sherman: Our English; New York, 1889.

Hodgins, Joseph L.: Our Common Speech, /New York Sun/, March 1, 1918.

Hoffman, C. F.: Philological Researches, /Literary World/, Aug. 21, 1847.

Holliday, Robert Cortes: Caun't Speak the Language (in Walking-Stick Papers; New York, 1918, p. 201).

Horn, W.: Historische neuenglische Grammatik; Strassburg, 1908.

---- Untersuchungen zur neuenglischen Lautgeschichte; Strassburg, 1905.

Hotten, John Camden: A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant and Vulgar Words ... London, 1859.

Howells, William Dean: The Editor's Study, /Harper's Magazine/, Jan., 1886.

Hurd, Seth T.: A Grammatical Corrector or Vocabulary of the Common Errors of Speech ...; Phila., 1847.

Inman, Thomas: On the Origin of Certain Christian and Other Names; Liverpool, 1866.

J. D. J.: American Conversation, /English Journal/, April, 1913.

James, Henry: The Question of Our Speech; Boston and New York, 1905.

Jespersen, Jens O. H.: The Growth and Structure of the English Language; Leipzig, 1905; 2nd ed., 1912.

---- A Modern Grammar on Historical Principles; 2 vols.; Heidelberg, 1909-14.

Johnson, Burges: The Everyday Profanity of Our Best People, /Century Magazine/, June, 1916.

Johnson, Samuel, Jr.: A School Dictionary ...; New Haven, (1798?).

Jones, Daniel: The Pronunciation of English; Cambridge, 1909.

Joyce, P. W.: English as We Speak It in Ireland, 2nd ed.; London, 1910.

Kaluza, Max: Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, 2 vols.; Berlin, 1900-1.

Keijzer, M.: Woordenboek van Americanismen ...; Gorinchem (Holland), 1854.

Kellner, Leon: Historical Outlines of English Syntax; London, 1892.

Kelton, Dwight H.: Indian Names of Places Near the Great Lakes; Detroit, 1888.

Ker, Edmund T.: River and Lake Names in the United States; New York, 1911.

Kleuz, H.: Schelten-Wörterbuch; Strassburg, 1910.

Knortz, Karl: Amerikanische Redensarten und Volksgebräuche, Leipzig, 1907.

Knox, Alexander: Glossary of Geographical and Topographical Terms; London, 1904.

Koehler, F.: Worterbuch der Amerikanismen ...; Leipzig, 1866.

Koeppel, Emil: Spelling-Pronunciation: Bemerkungen über den Einfluss des Schriftbildes auf den Laut in Englischen, /Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Culturgeschichte der Germanischen Völkes/, lxxxix; Strassburg, 1901.

Krapp, George Philip: Modern English; New York, 1910.

Krueger, G.: Was ist Slang, bezüglich Argot? (in Festschrift Adolf Taber; Braunschweig, 1905).

Kuhns, L. Oscar: The Origin of Pennsylvania Surnames, /Lippincott's Magazine/, vol. lix, p. 395, March, 1897.

Lacasse, R. P. Z.: Ces Jeunes-là, on ne les Comprend Plus (in Une Mine Produisant l'Or et l'Argent; Quebec, 1880, pp. 252-6).

Lang, Andrew: Americanisms, /London Academy/, March 2, 1895.

Lardner, Ring W.: You Know Me Al ... New York, 1916.

Latham, Edward: A Dictionary of Names, Nicknames and Surnames; London, 1904.

Latham, Robert G.: The English Language; London, 1841.

Learned, Marion D.: The Pennsylvania German Dialect, Part I; Baltimore, 1889.

Letzner, Karl: Worterbuch der englischen Volksprache Australiens und der englischen Mischsprachen; Halle, 1891.

Lewis, Calvin L.: A Handbook of American Speech; Chicago, 1916.

Lienemann, Oskar: Eigentümlichkeiten des Engl. d. Vereinigten Staaten nebst wenig bekannten Amerikanismen; Zittau, 1886.

Lighthall, W. D.: Canadian English, /Week/ (Toronto), Aug. 16, 1889.

Littman, Enno: /23/ and Other Numerical Expressions, /Open Court/, vol. xxii, 1908.

Lloyd, R. J.: Northern English; Leipzig, 1908.

Lodge, Henry Cabot: The Origin of Certain Americanisms, /Scribner's Magazine/, June, 1907.

---- Shakespeare's Americanisms (in Certain Accepted Heroes; New York, 1897).

Long, Charles M.: Virginia County Names; New York, 1908.

Long, Percy W.: Semi-Secret Abbreviations, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv, pt. iii, 1915.

Lounsbury, Thomas R.: Americanisms Real or Reputed, /Harper's Magazine/, Sept. 1913.

---- Differences in English and American Usage, /Harper's Magazine/, July 1913.

---- The English Language in America, /International Review/, vol. viii, p. 472.

---- English Spelling and Spelling Reform; New York, 1909.

---- A History of the English Language, revised ed.; New York, 1907.

---- Linguistic Causes of Americanisms, /Harper's Magazine/, June, 1913.

---- Scotticisms and Americanisms, /Harper's Magazine/, Feb., 1913.

---- The Standard of Pronunciation in English; New York and London, 1904.

---- The Standard of Usage in English; New York and London, n. d.

---- What Americanisms Are Not, /Harper's Magazine/, March, 1913.

Low, Sidney: Ought American to be Taught in Our Schools?, /Westminster Gazette/, July 18, 1913.

Low, W. H.: The English Language; Baltimore, 1917.

Lowell, James Russell: prefaces to The Biglow Papers, 1st and 2nd series; Cambridge, 1848-66.

Lower, M. A.: Patronymica Brittanica; London, 1860.

Luick, K.: Studien zur englischen Lautgeschichte; Vienna, 1903.

Mackay, Charles: The Ascertainment of English, /Nineteenth Century/, Jan., 1890.

McKenna, L. B.: Surnames, Their Origin and Nationality; Quincy (Ill.), 1913.

Mackintosh, Duncan: Essai Raissoné sur la Grammaire et la Prononciation Anglais ...; Boston, 1797.

McLean, John: Western Americanisms (in The Indians: Their Manners and Customs; Toronto, 1889, pp. 197-201).

Macmillan Co.: Notes for the Guidance of Authors; New York, 1918.

Maitland, James: The American Slang Dictionary ...; Chicago, 1891.

March, Francis A.: Spelling Reform; Washington, 1893.

Marsh, George P.: Lectures on the English Language; New York, 1859; 4th ed., enlarged, 1870.

---- The Origin and History of the English Language; New York, 1862; rev. ed., 1885.

Maspero, J.: Singularidades del español de Buenos Ayres, /Memorias de la Sociedad de lingüistica de Paris/, tome ii.

Matthews, Brander: Americanisms and Britticisms ...; New York, 1892.

---- Is the English Language Decadent? /Yale Review/, April, 1918.

---- Outskirts of the English Language, /Munsey's Magazine/, Nov., 1913.

---- Parts of Speech; New York, 1901.

---- The Standard of Spoken English, /North American Review/, June, 1916.

---- Why Not Speak Your Own Language?, /Delineator/, Nov., 1917.

Mätzner, Eduard A. F.: Englische Grammatik, 2 vols.; Leipzig, 1860-65, 3rd ed., 1880-85; tr. by C. J. Grece, 3 vols., London, 1874.

Mead, Theo. H.: Our Mother Tongue; New York, 1890.

Mearns, Hugh: Our Own, Our Native Speech, /McClure's Magazine/, Oct., 1916; reprinted, /Literary Digest/, Sept. 30, 1916.

Melville, A. H.: An Investigation of the Function and Use of Slang, /Pedagogical Seminary/, vol. xix, 1912.

Membreño, Alberto: Hondureñismos; Tegucigalpa, 1895.

Mencken, H. L.: The American: His Language, /Smart Set/, Aug., 1913.

---- The American Language Again, /New York Evening Mail/, Nov. 22, 1917.

---- American Pronouns, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Oct. 25, 1910.

---- The Curse of Spelling, /New York Evening Mail/, April 11, 1918.

---- England's English, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Sept. 22, 1910.

---- How They Say It "Over There," /New York Evening Mail/, Oct. 25, 1917.

---- More American, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Oct. 20, 1910.

---- Moulding Our Speech, /Chicago Tribune/, Nov. 18, 1917.

---- The New Domesday Book, /New York Evening Mail/, April, 1918.

---- Nothing Dead About Language ..., /New York Evening Mail/, Sept. 28, 1917.

---- Notes on the American Language, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Sept. 7, 1916.

---- Spoken American, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Oct. 19, 1910.

---- The Two Englishes, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Sept. 15, 1910.

Menner, Robert J.: Common Sense in Pronunciation, /Atlantic Monthly/, Aug., 1913.

---- The Pronunciation of English in America, /Atlantic Monthly/, March, 1915.

Molee, Elias: nu tutonish, an international union language; tacoma, 1906.[1]

---- Plea for an American Language ...; Chicago, 1888.

Molee, Elias: Pure Saxon English; or, Americans to the Front; Chicago, 1890.

---- Tutonish; Tacoma, (Wash.), n. d.

---- Tutonish, or, Anglo-German Union Tongue; Chicago, 1902.

Montgomery, M.: Types of Standard Spoken English; Strassburg, 1910.

Moon, G. Washington: The Dean's English, 7th ed.; New York, 1884.

Morris, Edward E.: Austral English ...; London, 1898.

Morris, Richard: Historical Outlines of English Accidence; London, 1872; 2nd ed. rev., 1895.

Murison, W.: Changes in the Language Since Shakespeare's Time, (in The Cambridge History of English Literature, vol. xiv.; New York, 1917).

Murray, James A. H.: A New English Dictionary ...; Oxford, 1888, etc.

Newcomen, George: Americanisms and Archaisms, /Academy/, vol. xlvii, p. 317.

Norton, Chas. Ledyard: Political Americanisms ...; New York and London, 1890.

Oliphant, Samuel Grant: The Clan of Fire and Forge, or, The Ancient and Honorable Smiths; Olivet (Mich.), 1910.

---- Surnames in Baltimore, /Baltimore Sunday Sun/, 62 weekly articles, Dec. 2, 1906-Jan. 26, 1908 inc.; index, Feb. 2, 9, 16, 23, 1908.

Oliphant, W. Kingston: The New English; London, 1886.

Onions, C. T.: Advanced English Syntax; London, 1894.

Palmer, A. Smythe: The Folk and Their Word-Lore; London, 1904.

Paul, C. K.: The American Language, /Month/, vol. xciv.

Paul, Hermann O. T.: Grundriss der germanischen Philologie, rev. ed., 3 vols.; Strassburg, 1901-1909.

---- Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte; Halle, 1886; 4th ed., 1909; tr. as Principles of the History of Language by H. A. Strong; London, 1888; rev. ed., 1891.

Payne, James E. (and others): Style Book: a Compilation of Rules Governing Executive, Congressional, and Departmental Printing, Including the /Congressional Record/; Washington, 1917.

Pearson, T. R.: The Origin of Surnames, /Good Words/, June, 1897.

Pettman, Charles: Africanderisms: a Glossary of South African Colloquial Words and Phrases; London, 1913.

Phipson, Evascutes A.: British vs. American English, /Dialect Notes/, vol. i, pt. i, 1889.

Pickering, John: A Vocabulary or Collection of Words and Phrases Which Have Been Supposed to be Peculiar to the United States of America ...; Boston, 1816.

Pound, Louise: British and American Pronunciation, /School Review/, June, 1915.

---- Domestication of the Suffix /-fest/, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv, pt. v, 1916.

---- Vogue Affixes in Present-Day Word-Coinage, /Dialect Notes/, vol. v, pt. i, 1918.

---- Word-Coinage and Modern Trade Names, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv, pt. i, 1913.

Poutsma, H.: A Grammar of Late Modern English, 2 vols.; Groningen, 1904-5.

Prince, J. Dyneley: The Jersey Dutch Dialect, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iii, pt. vi, 1910.

Proctor, Richard A.: Americanisms, /Knowledge/, vol. viii.

---- English and American-English, /New York Tribune/, Aug. 14, 1881.

----"English as She is Spoke" in America, /Knowledge/, vol. vi.

Ralph, Julian: The Language of the Tenement-Folk, /Harper's Weekly/, vol. xli, p. 30.

Rambeau, A.: Amerikanisches, /Der neueren Sprachen/, vol. ii, p. 53.

Ramos y Duarte, Félis: Diccionario de mejicanismos ..., 2nd ed.; Mexico, 1898.

Read, Richard P.: The American Language, /New York Sun/, March 7, 1918.

---- The American Tongue, /New York Sun/, Feb. 26, 1918.

Read, William A.: The Southern /R/, /Louisiana State University Bull./, Feb. 1910.

---- Variant Pronunciations in the New South, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iii, pt. vii, 1911.

Rippmann, W.: The Sounds of Spoken English; London, 1906.

Riverside Press: Handbook of Style in Use at the Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass.; Boston and New York, 1913.

Root, E.: American and British Enunciation, /Lippincott's/, Sept., 1911.

Rupp, Israel D.: A Collection of ... Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776, 2nd rev. ed.; Phila., 1876.

Russell, T. Baron: Current Americanisms; London, 1893.

Salverte, Eusèbe: History of the Names of Men, Nations and Places, tr. by L. H. Mordacque, 2 vols.; London, 1862-4.

Sanchez, Jesus: Glosario de Voces Castellanas derivadas Nahüatl ó Mexicano; n. p., n. d.

Sanchez, Nellie van de Grift: Spanish and Indian Place Names of California; San Francisco, 1914.

Sanz, S. Monner: Notas al Castellano en America; Buenos Ayres, 1903.

Sayce, A. H.: Introduction to the Science of Language, 2 vols.; 4th ed., London, 1900.

Schele de Vere, M.: Americanisms: the English of the New World; New York, 1872.

---- Studies in English; New York, 1867.

Schulz, Carl B.: The King's English at Home, /New York Evening Mail/, Oct. 29, 1917.

Scott, Fred. N.: The Pronunciation of Spanish-American Words, /Modern Language Notes/, vol. vi.

---- Verbal Taboos, /School Review/, vol. xx, 1912, pp. 366-78.

Searle, William G.: Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum; Cambridge, 1897.

Sechrist, Frank K.: The Psychology of Unconventional Language, /Pedagogical Seminary/, vol. xx, Dec., 1913.

Seeman, B.: Die Volksnamen der amerikanischen Pflanzen; Hannover, 1851.

Shute, Samuel M.: A Manual of Anglo-Saxon; New York, 1867.

Skeat, W. W.: English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present Day; Cambridge, 1911.

---- An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language; Oxford, 1882; 4th ed., 1910.

---- A Primer of Classical and English Philology; Oxford, 1905.

Smalley, D. S.: American Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language; Cincinnati, 1855.

Smart, B. H.: A Practical Grammar of English Pronunciations; London, 1810.

Smith, Chas. Forster: Americanisms, /Southern Methodist Quarterly/, Jan., 1891.

---- On Southernisms, /Trans. American Philological Association/, 1883.

Soames, Laura: Introduction to English, French and German Phonetics; New York, 1899.

Sproull, Wm. O.: Hebrew and Rabbinical Words in Present Use, /Hebraica/, Oct., 1890.

Stearns, Edward J.: A Practical Guide to English Pronunciation for the Use of Schools; Boston, 1857.

Storm, J.: Englische Philologie; Leipzig, 1896.

Stratton, Clarence: Are You Uhmurican or American?, /New York Times/, July 22, 1917.

---- The New Emphasis of Oral English, /English Journal/, Sept., 1917.

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---- A History of English Sounds; London, 1876; Oxford, 1888.

---- The History of Language; London, 1900.

---- A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical, 2 vols.; Oxford, 1892-8; new ed., 1900-03.

---- The Practical Study of Languages; London, 1900.

---- A Primer of Spoken English; Oxford, 1900.

---- The Sounds of English; Oxford, 1908.

Swinton, William: Rambles Among Words; New York, n. d.

Tallichet, H.: A Contribution Towards a Vocabulary of Spanish and Mexican Words Used in Texas, /Dialect Notes/, vol. i, pt. iv.

Tamson, George J.: Word-Stress in English; Halle, 1898.

Tardivel, J. P.: L'Anglicisme: Voilà l'Ennemi; Quebec, 1880.

Taylor, Isaac: Words and Places, 3rd ed. rev.; London, 1873.

Thom, Wm. T.: Some Parallelisms Between Shakespeare's English and the Negro-English of the United States, /Shakespeariana/, vol. i, p. 129.

Thornton, Richard H.: An American Glossary ..., 2 vols.; Phila. and London, 1912.

Toller, T. N.: Outlines of the History of the English Language; Cambridge, 1900.

Tooker, William W.: Indian Names of Places in the Borough of Brooklyn; New York, 1901.

Toro y Gisbert, Miguel de: Americanismos; Paris, n. d.

Trench, Richard C.: English Past and Present; London, 1855; rev. ed., 1905.

---- On the Study of Words; London, 1851; rev. ed., 1904.

Trumbull, J. Hammond: The Composition of Indian Geographical Names, /Collection of the Conn. Historical Society/, vol. ii.