Chapter 30

J. Janssen: _A History of the German People from the Close of the Middle Ages_, transl. by M. A. Mitchell and A. M. Christie. 2d English ed. 16 volumes. 1905-10.

A. W. Pollard: _Fine Books_. 1912.

T. L. De Vinne: _The Invention of Printing_. 1878.

Veröffentlichungen der Gutenberg-Gesellschaft. 1901 ff.

H. Meisner und J. Luther: _Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst_. 1900.

Article "Typography" in Encyclopedia Britannica. (The author defends the now untenable thesis that printing originated in Holland, though the numerous and valuable data given by himself point clearly to Mayence as the cradle of the art).

SECTIONS 2 and 3. _The Church, Causes of the Reformation_

SOURCES.

C. Mirbt: _Quellen sur Geschichte des Papsttums und der römischen Katholizismus_.[3] 1911. (Convenient and scholarly; indispensable to any one who has not a large library at command).

_The Missal_, compiled from the Missale Romanum. 1913.

_The Priest's New Ritual_, compiled by P. Griffith. 1902. (The rites of the Roman Church, except the Mass, partly in Latin, partly in English).

_The Catechism of the Council of Trent_, translated into English by J. Donovan. 1829.

_Corpus Juris Canonici_, post curas A. L. Richteri instruxit Aemilius Friedberg. 2 vols. 1879-81.

_Codex Juris Canonici_, Pii X jussu digestus, Benedicti XV auctoritate promulgatus. 1918.

Thomas Aquinas: _Summa Theologiae_. Many editions; the best, with a commentary by Cardinal Cajetan (1469-1534) in _Opera Omnia, iussu impensaque Leonis XIII PP_. vols. 4-10. 1882 ff.

_The Summa theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas_, translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. 1911 ff. (In course of publication, as yet, 6 vols).

Von der Hardt: _Magnum Oecumenicum Constantiense Concilium_. 6 vols. 1700.

D. Mansi: _Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio_. Vols. 27-32. Venice. 1784 ff. (Identical reprint, Paris, 1902).

Most of the best literature of the 14th and 15th centuries, e.g., the works of Chaucer, Langland, Boccaccio and Petrach [Transcriber's note: Petrarch?].

Special works of ecclesiastical writers, humanists, nationalists and heretics quoted below.

V. Hasak: _Der christliche Glaube des deutschen Volkes beim Schlusse des Mittelalters_. 1868. (A collection of works of popular edification prior to Luther).

G. Berbig: "_Die erste kursächsische Visitation im Ortland Franken_." _Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte_, iii. 336-402; iv. 370-408. 1905-6.

TREATISES.

E. Friedberg: _Lehrbuch des katholischen und evangelischen Kirchenrechts_.[5] Leipzig. 1903.

L. Pastor: _History of the Popes from the close of the Middle Ages_. English translation,[2] vols. 1-6 edited by Antrobus, vols. 7-12 edited by R. Kerr. 1899 ff. (Exhaustive, brilliantly written, Catholic, a little one-sided).

Mandel Creighton: _A History of the Papacy 1378-1527_. 6 vols. 1892 ff. (Good, but in large part superseded by Pastor).

F. Gregorovius: _A History of Rome in the Middle Ages_, translated by A. Hamilton. vols 7 and 8. 1900. (Brilliant).

_Schaff's History of the Christian Church_. Vol. 5, part 2. The Middle Ages. 1294-1517, by D. S. Schaff. 1910. (A scholarly summary, warmly Protestant).

J. Schnitzer: _Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Savonarolas_. 3 vols. 1902-4.

J. Schnitzer: _Savonarola im Streite mit seinem Orden und seinem Kloster_. 1914.

H. Lucas: _Fra Girolamo Savonarola_.[2] 1906.

H. C. Lea: _An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy_.[3] 2 vols. 1907. (Lea's valuable works evince a marvelously wide reading in the sources, but are slightly marred by an insufficient use of modern scholarship).

H. C. Lea: _A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church_. 3 vols. 1896.

Aloys Schulte: _Die Fugger in Rom, 1495-1523_. 2 vols. Leipzig. 1904. (Describes the financial methods of the church. The second volume consists of documents).

E. Rodocanachi: _Rome au temps de Jules II et de Léon X_. 1912.

H. Böhmer: _Luthers Romfahrt_. 1914. (The latter part of this work gives a dark picture of the corruption of Rome at the beginning of the 16th century).

SECTION 4. _The Mystics_

SOURCES.

W. R. Inge: _Life, Light and Love_. 1904. (Selections from Eckart, Tauler, Suso, Ruysbroeck, etc.).

H. Denifle: "_M. Eckeharts lateinische Schriften und die Grundanschauung seiner Lehre_." _Archiv für Literaturund Sprachgeschichte_. ii. 416-652.

_Meister Eckeharts Schriften und Predigten aus dem Mittelhochdeutschen_ übersetzt von H. Buttner. 2 vols. 1912.

_H. Seuses Deutsche Schriften_ übertragen von W. Lehmann. 2 vols. 1914.

_J. Taulers Predigten_, übertragen von W. Lehmann. 2 vols. 1914.

Thomas à Kempis: _imitatio Christi_. (So many editions and translations of this celebrated work that it is hardly necessary to specify one).

_The German Theology_, translated by Susannah Winkworth. 1854.

TREATISES.

Kuno Francke: "_Medieval German Mysticism_." _Harvard Theological Review_, Jan., 1912.

G. Siedel: _Die Mystik Taulers_. 1911.

M. Windstosser: _Étude sur la 'Théologie germanique.'_ 1912.

W. Preger: _Geschichte der deutschen Mystik im Mittelalter_. 3 vols. 1874-93.

_History and Life of the Rev. John Tauler, with 25 sermons_, translated by Susannah Winkworth. 1858.

M. Maeterlinck: _Ruysbroeck and the Mystics_, with selections from Ruysbroeck, translated by J. T. Stoddard. 1894.

J. E. G. de Montmorency: _Thomas à Kempis, his Age and his Book_. 1906.

A. R. Burr: _Religious Confessions and Confessants_. 1914. (The best psychological study of mysticism).

SECTION 5. _Pre-Reformers_

SOURCES.

_J. Wyclif's Select English Works_, ed. by T. Arnold. 1869-71. 3 vols.

_J. Wyclif's English Works hitherto unprinted_, ed. F. Matthew. 1880.

F. Palacky: _Documenta Magistri J. Hus_. 1869.

_The Letters of John Huss_, translated by H. B. Workman and R. M. Pope. 1904.

Wyclif's Latin Works have been edited in many volumes by the Wyclif Society of London, the last volume being the _Opera minora_, 1913.

John Huss: _The Church_, translated by D. S. Schaff. 1915.

TREATISES.

H. C. Lea: _A History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages_. 3 vols. 1888.

G. M. Trevelyan: _England in the Age of Wyclif_[2]. 1899.

F. A. Gasquet: _The Eve of the Reformation_[2]. 1905.

F. Palacky: Geschichte von Böhmen.[3] 1864 ff. 5 vols.

J. H. Wylie: _The Council of Constance to the Death of John Hus_. 1900.

H. B. Workman: _The Dawn of the Reformation_. The Age of Hus. 1902.

Count F. Lützow: _The Hussite Wars_. 1914.

Count F. Lützow: _The Life and Times of Master John Hus_. 1909.

D. S. Schaff: _The Life of John Hus_. 1915.

SECTION 6. _Nationalizing the Churches_

Most of the bibliography in this chapter is given below, in the chapters on Germany, England and France.

Freher et Struvius. _Rerum German icarum Scriptores_. (1717.) pp. 676-1704: "Gravamina Germanicae Nationis . . . ad Caesarem Maximilianum contra Sedem Romanam."

C. G. F. Walch: _Monumenta medii aevi_. (1757.) pp. 101-110. "Gravamina nationis Germanicae adversus curiam Romanam, tempore Nicolai V Papae."

B. Gebhardt: _Die Gravamina der deutschen Nation gegen den römischen Hof_. 1895.

_Documents illustrative of English Church History_, compiled by Henry Gee and W. J. Hardy. 1896.

A. Werminghoff: _Geschichte der Kirchenverfassung Deutschlands im Mittelalter_. Band I.[2] 1913.

A. Störmann: _Die Städtischen Gravamina gegen den Klerus_. 1916.

SECTION 7. _The Humanists_

SOURCES.

_The Utopia of Sir Thomas More_. Ralph Robinson's translation, with Roper's Life of More and some of his letters. Edited by G. Sampson and A. Guthkelch. With Latin Text of the Utopia. 1910. (Bohn's Libraries).

_Der Briefwechsel des Mutianus Rufus_, bearbeitet von C. Krause. 1885.

_J. Reuchlins Briefwechsel_, hg. von L. Geiger. 1875.

E. Böcking: _Hutteni Opera_. 1859-66. 5 vols.

_Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum_: The Latin Text with an English translation, Notes and an Historical Introduction by F. G. Stokes. 1909.

_Des. Erasmi Roterodami Opera Omnia_, curavit J. Clericus. 1703-6. 10 vols.

_Des. Erasmi Roterodami Opus Epistolarum_, ed. P. S. Allen. 1906 ff. (A wonderful edition of the letters, in course of publication. As yet 3 vols).

_The Colloquies of Des. Erasmus_, translated by N. Bailey, ed. by E. Johnson. 1900. 3 vols.

_The Praise of Folly_. Written by Erasmus 1509 and translated by John Wilson 1668, edited by Mrs. P. S. Allen. 1913.

_The Epistles of Erasmus_, translated by F. M. Nichols. 1901-18. 3 vols. (To 1519).

_The Ship of Fools_, translated by Alexander Barclay. 2 vols. 1874. (Sebastian Brandt's _Narrenschiff_ in the old translation).

TREATISES.

P. Monnier: _Le Quattrocento_. 2 vols. 1908. (Work of a high order).

L. Geiger: _Renaissance und Humanismus in Italien und Deutschland_. 1882. (In Oncken's Series). 2d ed. 1899.

J. Burckhardt: _Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien_. 20. Auflage von L. Geiger. Berlin. 1919. (Almost a classic).

P. Villari: _Niccolò Machiavelli and His Times_, translated by Mrs. Villari[2]. 4 vols. 1891.

W. H. Hutten: _Sir Thomas More_. 1900.

J. A. Froude: _The Life and Letters of Erasmus_. London. 1895. (Charmingly written, but marred by gross carelessness).

E. Emerton: _Erasmus_. New York. 1900.

G. V. Jourdan: _The Movement towards Catholic Reform in the early XVI Century_. 1914.

A. Humbert: _Les Origines de la Théologie moderne_. Paris. 1911. (Brilliant).

A. Renaudet: _Préréforme et Humanisme à Paris 1494-1517_. 1916.