The 2010 CIA World Factbook

Part 278

Chapter 2783,608 wordsPublic domain

Netherlands temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters

New Caledonia tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

New Zealand temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Nicaragua tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands

Niger desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Nigeria varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Niue tropical; modified by southeast trade winds

Norfolk Island subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation

Northern Mariana Islands tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October

Norway temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

Oman dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south

Pacific Ocean planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December

Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Palau tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November

Panama tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)

Papua New Guinea tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation

Paracel Islands tropical

Paraguay subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west

Peru varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes

Philippines tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)

Pitcairn Islands tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)

Poland temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers

Portugal maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Puerto Rico tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation

Qatar arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Romania temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms

Russia ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast

Rwanda temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible

Saint Barthelemy tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)

Saint Kitts and Nevis tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Saint Lucia tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August

Saint Martin temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; July-November is the hurricane season

Saint Pierre and Miquelon cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)

Samoa tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)

San Marino Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Sao Tome and Principe tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)

Saudi Arabia harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes

Senegal tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

Serbia in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)

Seychelles tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

Sierra Leone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)

Singapore tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms

Sint Maarten tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in moderate temperatures; average rainfall of 1500 mm/year; July-November is the hurricane season

Slovakia temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Slovenia Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Solomon Islands tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather

Somalia principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons

South Africa mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow

Southern Ocean sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter

Spain temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

Spratly Islands tropical

Sri Lanka tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)

Sudan tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)

Suriname tropical; moderated by trade winds

Svalbard arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year

Swaziland varies from tropical to near temperate

Sweden temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Switzerland temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

Syria mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus

Taiwan tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year

Tajikistan midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Tanzania varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Thailand tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid

Timor-Leste tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons

Togo tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Tokelau tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)

Tonga tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)

Trinidad and Tobago tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Tunisia temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south

Turkey temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior

Turkmenistan subtropical desert

Turks and Caicos Islands tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry

Tuvalu tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)

Uganda tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Ukraine temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

United Arab Emirates desert; cooler in eastern mountains

United Kingdom temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast

United States mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual rainfall occurs during the winter Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 4,000-5,000 mm (160-200 in) of rainfall each year

Uruguay warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Uzbekistan mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Vanuatu tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April

Venezuela tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Vietnam tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)

Virgin Islands subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November

Wake Island tropical

Wallis and Futuna tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C

West Bank temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters

Western Sahara hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew

World a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates

Yemen mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east

Zambia tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)

Zimbabwe tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

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@2060

Field Listing :: Coastline

This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea. Country

Coastline(km)

Afghanistan 0 km (landlocked)

Akrotiri 56.3 km

Albania 362 km

Algeria 998 km

American Samoa 116 km

Andorra 0 km (landlocked)

Angola 1,600 km

Anguilla 61 km

Antarctica 17,968 km

Antigua and Barbuda 153 km

Arctic Ocean 45,389 km

Argentina 4,989 km

Armenia 0 km (landlocked)

Aruba 68.5 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands 74.1 km

Atlantic Ocean 111,866 km

Australia 25,760 km

Austria 0 km (landlocked)

Azerbaijan 0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)

Bahamas, The 3,542 km

Bahrain 161 km

Bangladesh 580 km

Barbados 97 km

Belarus 0 km (landlocked)

Belgium 66.5 km

Belize 386 km

Benin 121 km

Bermuda 103 km

Bhutan 0 km (landlocked)

Bolivia 0 km (landlocked)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 km

Botswana 0 km (landlocked)

Bouvet Island 29.6 km

Brazil 7,491 km

British Indian Ocean Territory 698 km

British Virgin Islands 80 km

Brunei 161 km

Bulgaria 354 km

Burkina Faso 0 km (landlocked)

Burma 1,930 km

Burundi 0 km (landlocked)

Cambodia 443 km

Cameroon 402 km

Canada 202,080 km

Cape Verde 965 km

Cayman Islands 160 km

Central African Republic 0 km (landlocked)

Chad 0 km (landlocked)

Chile 6,435 km

China 14,500 km

Christmas Island 138.9 km

Clipperton Island 11.1 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 26 km

Colombia 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)

Comoros 340 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 37 km

Congo, Republic of the 169 km

Cook Islands 120 km

Coral Sea Islands 3,095 km

Costa Rica 1,290 km

Cote d'Ivoire 515 km

Croatia 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Cuba 3,735 km

Curacao 364 km

Cyprus 648 km

Czech Republic 0 km (landlocked)

Denmark 7,314 km

Dhekelia 27.5 km

Djibouti 314 km

Dominica 148 km

Dominican Republic 1,288 km

Ecuador 2,237 km

Egypt 2,450 km

El Salvador 307 km

Equatorial Guinea 296 km

Eritrea 2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)

Estonia 3,794 km

Ethiopia 0 km (landlocked)

European Union 65,992.9 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,288 km

Faroe Islands 1,117 km

Fiji 1,129 km

Finland 1,250 km

France total: 4,668 km metropolitan France: 3,427 km

French Polynesia 2,525 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 28 km Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): Iles Kerguelen: 2,800 km Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22.2 km Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 24.1 km Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 3.7 km

Gabon 885 km

Gambia, The 80 km

Gaza Strip 40 km

Georgia 310 km

Germany 2,389 km

Ghana 539 km

Gibraltar 12 km

Greece 13,676 km

Greenland 44,087 km

Grenada 121 km

Guam 125.5 km

Guatemala 400 km

Guernsey 50 km

Guinea 320 km

Guinea-Bissau 350 km

Guyana 459 km

Haiti 1,771 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands 101.9 km

Holy See (Vatican City) 0 km (landlocked)

Honduras 820 km

Hong Kong 733 km

Hungary 0 km (landlocked)

Iceland 4,970 km

India 7,000 km

Indian Ocean 66,526 km

Indonesia 54,716 km

Iran 2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)

Iraq 58 km

Ireland 1,448 km

Isle of Man 160 km

Israel 273 km

Italy 7,600 km

Jamaica 1,022 km

Jan Mayen 124.1 km

Japan 29,751 km

Jersey 70 km

Jordan 26 km

Kazakhstan 0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)

Kenya 536 km

Kiribati 1,143 km

Korea, North 2,495 km

Korea, South 2,413 km

Kosovo 0 km (landlocked)

Kuwait 499 km

Kyrgyzstan 0 km (landlocked)

Laos 0 km (landlocked)

Latvia 498 km

Lebanon 225 km

Lesotho 0 km (landlocked)

Liberia 579 km

Libya 1,770 km

Liechtenstein 0 km (doubly landlocked)

Lithuania 90 km

Luxembourg 0 km (landlocked)

Macau 41 km

Macedonia 0 km (landlocked)

Madagascar 4,828 km

Malawi 0 km (landlocked)

Malaysia 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)

Maldives 644 km

Mali 0 km (landlocked)

Malta 196.8 km (excludes 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Marshall Islands 370.4 km

Mauritania 754 km

Mauritius 177 km

Mayotte 185.2 km

Mexico 9,330 km

Micronesia, Federated States of 6,112 km

Moldova 0 km (landlocked)

Monaco 4.1 km

Mongolia 0 km (landlocked)

Montenegro 293.5 km

Montserrat 40 km

Morocco 1,835 km

Mozambique 2,470 km

Namibia 1,572 km

Nauru 30 km

Navassa Island 8 km

Nepal 0 km (landlocked)

Netherlands 451 km

New Caledonia 2,254 km

New Zealand 15,134 km

Nicaragua 910 km

Niger 0 km (landlocked)

Nigeria 853 km

Niue 64 km

Norfolk Island 32 km

Northern Mariana Islands 1,482 km

Norway 25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)

Oman 2,092 km

Pacific Ocean 135,663 km

Pakistan 1,046 km

Palau 1,519 km

Panama 2,490 km

Papua New Guinea 5,152 km

Paracel Islands 518 km

Paraguay 0 km (landlocked)

Peru 2,414 km

Philippines 36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands 51 km

Poland 440 km

Portugal 1,793 km

Puerto Rico 501 km

Qatar 563 km

Romania 225 km

Russia 37,653 km

Rwanda 0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena: 60 km Ascension Island: NA Tristan da Cunha: 40 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis 135 km

Saint Lucia 158 km

Saint Martin 58.9 km (for entire island)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84 km

Samoa 403 km

San Marino 0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe 209 km

Saudi Arabia 2,640 km

Senegal 531 km

Serbia 0 km (landlocked)

Seychelles 491 km

Sierra Leone 402 km

Singapore 193 km

Sint Maarten 364 km

Slovakia 0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia 46.6 km

Solomon Islands 5,313 km

Somalia 3,025 km

South Africa 2,798 km

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands NA

Southern Ocean 17,968 km

Spain 4,964 km

Spratly Islands 926 km

Sri Lanka 1,340 km

Sudan 853 km

Suriname 386 km

Svalbard 3,587 km

Swaziland 0 km (landlocked)

Sweden 3,218 km

Switzerland 0 km (landlocked)

Syria 193 km

Taiwan 1,566.3 km

Tajikistan 0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania 1,424 km

Thailand 3,219 km

Timor-Leste 706 km

Togo 56 km

Tokelau 101 km

Tonga 419 km

Trinidad and Tobago 362 km

Tunisia 1,148 km

Turkey 7,200 km

Turkmenistan 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands 389 km

Tuvalu 24 km

Uganda 0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine 2,782 km

United Arab Emirates 1,318 km

United Kingdom 12,429 km

United States 19,924 km

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker Island: 4.8 km Howland Island: 6.4 km Jarvis Island: 8 km Johnston Atoll: 34 km Kingman Reef: 3 km Midway Islands: 15 km Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km

Uruguay 660 km

Uzbekistan 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu 2,528 km

Venezuela 2,800 km

Vietnam 3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands 188 km

Wake Island 19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna 129 km

West Bank 0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara 1,110 km

World 356,000 km note: 95 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

Yemen 1,906 km

Zambia 0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe 0 km (landlocked)

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@2061

Field Listing :: Imports - partners

This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value. Country

Imports - partners(%)

Afghanistan Pakistan 26.78%, US 24.81%, India 5.15%, Germany 5.06%, Russia 4.04% (2009)

Albania Italy 29.94%, Greece 14.05%, Turkey 7.1%, Germany 6.9%, China 5.39% (2009)

Algeria France 19.7%, China 11.72%, Italy 10.19%, Spain 8.13%, Germany 5.77%, Turkey 5.05% (2009)

Angola Portugal 18.71%, China 17.39%, US 8.51%, Brazil 8.22%, South Korea 6.72%, France 4.51%, Italy 4.28%, South Africa 4.02% (2009)

Argentina Brazil 31.12%, US 13.69%, China 10.26%, Germany 4.69% (2009)