Part 277
Romania machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, metals, agricultural products
Russia machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel
Rwanda foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Saint Kitts and Nevis machinery, manufactures, food, fuels
Saint Lucia food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels
Saint Martin crude petroleum, food, manufactured items
Saint Pierre and Miquelon meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels
Samoa machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs
San Marino wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Sao Tome and Principe machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Saudi Arabia machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles
Senegal food and beverages, capital goods, fuels
Seychelles machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods
Sierra Leone foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals
Singapore machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Slovakia machinery and transport equipment 31%, mineral products 13%, vehicles 12%, base metals 9%, chemicals 8%, plastics 6% (2009 est.)
Slovenia machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
Solomon Islands food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals
Somalia manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat
South Africa machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs
Spain machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments
Sri Lanka petroleum, textiles, machinery and transportation equipment, building materials, mineral products, foodstuffs
Sudan foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat
Suriname capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods
Swaziland motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Sweden machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Switzerland machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles
Syria machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper
Taiwan electronics, machinery, crude petroleum, precision instruments, organic chemicals, metals
Tajikistan electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Tanzania consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Thailand capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels
Timor-Leste food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery
Togo machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Tokelau foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Tonga foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Trinidad and Tobago mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals
Tunisia textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs
Turkey machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
Turkmenistan machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Turks and Caicos Islands food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Tuvalu food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
Uganda capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Ukraine energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals
United Arab Emirates machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
United Kingdom manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs
United States agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)
Uruguay crude petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, paper, plastics
Uzbekistan machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Vanuatu machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels
Venezuela agricultural products, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials
Vietnam machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Virgin Islands crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials
Wallis and Futuna chemicals, machinery, consumer goods
West Bank food, consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum, chemicals
Western Sahara fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
World the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services top ten - share of world trade: see listing for exports
Yemen food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Zambia machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Zimbabwe machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products
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@2059
Field Listing :: Climate
This entry includes a brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year. Country
Climate
Afghanistan arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
Akrotiri temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Albania mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter
Algeria arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
American Samoa tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation
Andorra temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Angola semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Anguilla tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Antarctica severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing
Antigua and Barbuda tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation
Arctic Ocean polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Argentina mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Aruba tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands tropical
Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November
Australia generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
Austria temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers
Azerbaijan dry, semiarid steppe
Bahamas, The tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
Bahrain arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Bangladesh tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Barbados tropical; rainy season (June to October)
Belarus cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime
Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy
Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)
Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Bermuda subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Bhutan varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Bolivia varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Bosnia and Herzegovina hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Botswana semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Bouvet Island antarctic
Brazil mostly tropical, but temperate in south
British Indian Ocean Territory tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
British Virgin Islands subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds
Brunei tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Bulgaria temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Burkina Faso tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Burma tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)
Burundi equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)
Cambodia tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Cameroon varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Canada varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Cape Verde temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic
Cayman Islands tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)
Central African Republic tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers
Chad tropical in south, desert in north
Chile temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south
China extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Christmas Island tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Clipperton Island tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year
Colombia tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Comoros tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)
Congo, Republic of the tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator
Cook Islands tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March
Coral Sea Islands tropical
Costa Rica tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands
Cote d'Ivoire tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Croatia Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Cuba tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)
Curacao tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semi-arid with average rainfall of 600 mm/year
Cyprus temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Czech Republic temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Denmark temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Dhekelia temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Djibouti desert; torrid, dry
Dominica tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Dominican Republic tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
Ecuador tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Egypt desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters
El Salvador tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands
Equatorial Guinea tropical; always hot, humid
Eritrea hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands
Estonia maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Ethiopia tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
European Union cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but typically does not accumulate
Faroe Islands mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy
Fiji tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Finland cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
France metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)
French Polynesia tropical, but moderate
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy Iles Eparses: tropical
Gabon tropical; always hot, humid
Gambia, The tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Gaza Strip temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Georgia warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Germany temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
Ghana tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Gibraltar Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Greece temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Greenland arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Grenada tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Guam tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation
Guatemala tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
Guernsey temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast
Guinea generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guinea-Bissau tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guyana tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)
Haiti tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Heard Island and McDonald Islands antarctic
Holy See (Vatican City) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Honduras subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Hong Kong subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Hungary temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Iceland temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
India varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Indonesia tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Iran mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
Ireland temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time
Isle of Man temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about a third of the time
Israel temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas
Italy predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
Jamaica tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Jan Mayen arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Japan varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Jersey temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Jordan mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Kazakhstan continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid
Kenya varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Kiribati tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Korea, North temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer
Korea, South temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
Kosovo influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December
Kuwait dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters
Kyrgyzstan dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Laos tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)
Latvia maritime; wet, moderate winters
Lebanon Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows
Lesotho temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Liberia tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers
Libya Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Liechtenstein continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Lithuania transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers
Luxembourg modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Macau subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Macedonia warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Madagascar tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Malawi sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Malaysia tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Maldives tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Mali subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
Malta Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers
Marshall Islands tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt
Mauritania desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty
Mauritius tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Mayotte tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)
Mexico varies from tropical to desert
Micronesia, Federated States of tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Moldova moderate winters, warm summers
Monaco Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Mongolia desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Montenegro Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland
Montserrat tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Morocco Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
Mozambique tropical to subtropical
Namibia desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Nauru tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Navassa Island marine, tropical
Nepal varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south