Chapter 242
Niger Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Nigeria naira (NGN)
Niue New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Norfolk Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Northern Mariana Islands US dollar (USD)
Norway Norwegian krone (NOK)
Oman Omani rial (OMR)
Pakistan Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Palau US dollar (USD)
Panama balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)
Papua New Guinea kina (PGK)
Paraguay guarani (PYG)
Peru nuevo sol (PEN)
Philippines Philippine peso (PHP)
Pitcairn Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Poland zloty (PLN)
Portugal euro (EUR)
Puerto Rico US dollar (USD)
Qatar Qatari rial (QAR)
Romania "new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005; "old" leu (ROL) was phased out in 2006; note - because of currency revaluation, 10,000 ROL = 1 RON
Russia Russian ruble (RUB)
Rwanda Rwandan franc (RWF)
Saint Barthelemy euro (EUR); note - US dollar (USD) widely used
Saint Helena Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Saint Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Lucia East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Martin euro (EUR); note - US dollar (USD) widely used
Saint Pierre and Miquelon euro (EUR)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Samoa tala (SAT)
San Marino euro (EUR)
Sao Tome and Principe dobra (STD)
Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal (SAR)
Senegal Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Serbia Serbian dinar (RSD)
Seychelles Seychelles rupee (SCR)
Sierra Leone leone (SLL)
Singapore Singapore dollar (SGD)
Slovakia Slovak koruna (SKK)
Slovenia euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 2007, the euro became Slovenia's currency; both the tolar and the euro were in circulation from 1 January until 15 January 2007
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)
Somalia Somali shilling (SOS)
South Africa rand (ZAR)
Spain euro (EUR)
Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)
Sudan Sudanese pounds (SDG)
Suriname Surinam dollar (SRD)
Svalbard Norwegian krone (NOK)
Swaziland lilangeni (SZL)
Sweden Swedish krona (SEK)
Switzerland Swiss franc (CHF)
Syria Syrian pound (SYP)
Taiwan New Taiwan dollar (TWD)
Tajikistan somoni (TJS)
Tanzania Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Thailand baht (THB)
Timor-Leste US dollar (USD)
Togo Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Tokelau New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Tonga pa'anga (TOP)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Tunisia Tunisian dinar (TND)
Turkey Turkish lira (TRY); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005
Turkmenistan Turkmen manat (TMM)
Turks and Caicos Islands US dollar (USD)
Tuvalu Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar
Uganda Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Ukraine hryvnia (UAH)
United Arab Emirates Emirati dirham (AED)
United Kingdom British pound (GBP)
United States US dollar (USD)
Uruguay Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Uzbekistan soum (UZS)
Vanuatu vatu (VUV)
Venezuela bolivar (VEB)
Vietnam dong (VND)
Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Wallis and Futuna Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
West Bank new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Western Sahara Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Yemen Yemeni rial (YER)
Zambia Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2066 Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
Afghanistan 19.56 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Albania 5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Algeria 4.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
American Samoa 4.13 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Andorra 5.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Angola 24.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Anguilla 4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Argentina 7.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Armenia 8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Aruba 7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Australia 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Austria 9.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Azerbaijan 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bahamas, The 9.22 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bahrain 4.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bangladesh 8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Barbados 8.58 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Belarus 13.92 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Belgium 10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Belize 5.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Benin 9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bermuda 7.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bhutan 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bolivia 7.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Botswana 14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Brazil 6.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
British Virgin Islands 4.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Brunei 3.28 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bulgaria 14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Burkina Faso 13.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Burma 9.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Burundi 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cambodia 8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cameroon 12.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Canada 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cape Verde 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Central African Republic 18.04 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Chad 16.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Chile 5.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
China 7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Christmas Island NA (2008 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA (2008 est.)
Colombia 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Comoros 7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 11.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 12.28 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cook Islands NA (2008 est.)
Costa Rica 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 11.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Croatia 11.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cuba 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cyprus 7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Czech Republic 10.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Denmark 10.25 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Djibouti 19.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Dominica 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Dominican Republic 5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ecuador 4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Egypt 5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
El Salvador 5.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Eritrea 8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Estonia 13.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ethiopia 11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
European Union 10.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA (2008 est.)
Faroe Islands 8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Fiji 5.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Finland 10 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
France 8.48 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
French Polynesia 4.67 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gabon 12.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gambia, The 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gaza Strip 3.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Georgia 9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Germany 10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ghana 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gibraltar 9.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Greece 10.42 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Greenland 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Grenada 6.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guam 4.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guatemala 5.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guernsey 10.09 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guinea 11.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 16.05 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guyana 8.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Haiti 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Honduras 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Hong Kong 6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Hungary 12.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Iceland 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
India 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Indonesia 6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Iran 5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Iraq 5.14 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ireland 7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Isle of Man 11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Israel 5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Italy 10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Jamaica 6.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Japan 9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Jersey 9.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Jordan 2.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kazakhstan 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kenya 10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kiribati 7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Korea, North 7.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Korea, South 5.73 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kuwait 2.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Laos 11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Latvia 13.63 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Lebanon 6.06 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Lesotho 22.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Liberia 21.45 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Libya 3.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Liechtenstein 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Lithuania 11.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Luxembourg 8.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Macau 3.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Macedonia 8.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Madagascar 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Malawi 17.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Malaysia 5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Maldives 3.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mali 16.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Malta 8.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Marshall Islands 4.57 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mauritania 11.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mauritius 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mayotte 7.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mexico 4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Moldova 10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Monaco 12.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mongolia 6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Montenegro 8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Montserrat 8.86 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Morocco 5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mozambique 20.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Namibia 14.07 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nauru 6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nepal 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Netherlands 8.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
New Caledonia 5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
New Zealand 7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nicaragua 4.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Niger 20.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nigeria 16.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Niue NA (2008 est.)
Norfolk Island NA (2008 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 2.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Norway 9.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Oman 3.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Pakistan 7.85 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Palau 6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Panama 4.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Papua New Guinea 6.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Paraguay 4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Peru 6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Philippines 5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA (2008 est.)
Poland 9.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Portugal 10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Puerto Rico 7.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Qatar 2.47 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Romania 11.84 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Russia 16.06 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Rwanda 14.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Helena 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Lucia 6.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Samoa 5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
San Marino 8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saudi Arabia 2.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Senegal 10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Seychelles 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sierra Leone 22.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Singapore 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Slovakia 9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Slovenia 10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Solomon Islands 3.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Somalia 15.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
South Africa 16.94 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Spain 9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sri Lanka 6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sudan 13.64 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Suriname 5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Svalbard NA (2008 est.)
Swaziland 30.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sweden 10.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Switzerland 8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Syria 4.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Taiwan 6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tajikistan 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tanzania 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Thailand 7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Timor-Leste 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Togo 9.48 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tokelau NA (2008 est.)
Tonga 5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 10.93 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tunisia 5.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Turkey 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Turkmenistan 6.11 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tuvalu 6.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Uganda 12.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ukraine 15.93 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.13 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
United Kingdom 10.05 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
United States 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Uruguay 9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Uzbekistan 5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Vanuatu 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Venezuela 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Vietnam 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Virgin Islands 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA (2008 est.)
West Bank 3.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Western Sahara 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
World 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Yemen 7.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Zambia 21.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Zimbabwe 17.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2068 Dependent areas
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
France Clipperton Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Wallis and Futuna note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica; New Caledonia has been considered a "sui generis" collectivity of France since 1999, a unique status falling between that of an independent country and a French overseas department
Netherlands Aruba, Netherlands Antilles
New Zealand Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Norway Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
United Kingdom Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
United States American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2070 Disputes - international
Afghanistan Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to foreign terrorists and other illegal activities
Albania the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and the peaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albanian groups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania," but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; the mass emigration of unemployed Albanians remains a problem for developed countries, chiefly Greece and Italy
Algeria Algeria, and many other states, rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout the Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco
American Samoa Tokelau periodically asserts claims to American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega), such as in its 2006 draft independence constitution
Andorra none
Angola Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan exclave from exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006 ceasefire and peace agreement
Anguilla none
Antarctica the Antarctic Treaty freezes, and most states do not recognize, the land and maritime territorial claims made by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom (some overlapping) for three-fourths of the continent; the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims; no claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west; the International Whaling Commission created a sancturary around the entire continent to deter catches by countries claiming to conduct scientific whaling; Australia has established a similar preserve in the waters around its territorial claim
Antigua and Barbuda none
Arctic Ocean the littoral states are engaged in various stages of demonstrating the limits of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles from their declared baselines in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has restimulated interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor exploration
Argentina Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims; unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2006, Argentina went to the ICJ to protest, on environmental grounds, the construction of two pulp mills in Uruguay on the Uruguay River, which forms the boundary; both parties presented their pleadings in 2007 with Argentina's reply in January and Uruguay's rejoinder in July 2008; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur)
Armenia Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy; Armenians continue to emigrate, primarily to Russia, seeking employment
Aruba none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands as the closest Australian territory to Indonesia, these islands became the target of human traffickers for the landing of illegal immigrants; in 2001, the Australian government removed these islands from the Australian Migration Zone making illegal arrivals ineligible for temporary visas and entry into Australia
Atlantic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)