Part 163

On juries at the assizes or sessions, or for the trial of causes in Middlesex, any person who holds a freehold or copyhold of an annual value of 10_l._, or a lease of 21 years or upwards at an annual rent of 20_l._, or who pays rates of 20_l._ per annum (30_l._ in Middlesex) is eligible and liable to serve, provided his age is between 21 and 60; when over 60, he remains liable till he has notified his age to the authorities. Peers, members of Parliament, judges, clergymen of every sect or faith, barristers, solicitors, notaries, officers of legal courts, coroners, gaolers, physicians, surgeons, dentists, apothecaries, chemists, officers of the army, navy, militia, and yeomanry on full pay, officers of the post-office, customs, inland revenue, or police, metropolitan police-court officials, and officers of the Houses of Lords and Commons, are exempted from serving; and members of the council of a municipal borough cannot be called on to serve in the county where the borough is situate, nor can burgesses of a borough having separate sessions be summoned to the county sessions. The churchwardens and overseers must make a list of the persons so liable to serve, and on the three first Sundays in September fix a copy on the door of every place of worship in the district, with a proper notification of the special sessions for hearing objections, at which sessions the justices may revise the list either by striking out the names of persons who are exempt or not qualified, or under permanent physical disability, or by adding other persons after due notice given to them. Jurors who are esquires by law, bankers, or merchants, or who occupy a farm rated at 300_l._, or other premises at 100_l._, or a private dwelling-house rated at 50_l._ elsewhere than in a town of 20,000 inhabitants and upwards, are to be distinguished, and are qualified and liable to serve on special juries, but they remain as liable as before to be summoned for a common jury. A juror must attend according to the tenor of his summons, which may be served either by being shown to him or by being left at his usual place of abode with some person there inhabiting, or by being sent by post to him; and if, the summons having been so served six days previously, he fails to attend, he is liable to such a fine as the court thinks fit to impose. The liability to serve on a grand jury is unlimited, but apart from this a juror cannot be summoned more than once a year for the assizes and sessions unless the list is exhausted.

A juror may also be compelled under a five pounds penalty to serve in the County Court of his district twice in the year, but is exempt if he has served at the assizes or at the Royal Courts or Central Criminal Court within six months previously. There is still a further liability in various districts in respect of the local courts, such as the Mayor’s Court, London, and the Salford Hundred Court; and the sheriff requires the attendance of a jury in cases of assessment of damages or compensation, or an inquiry as to the sanity of an alleged lunatic, or as to claims made by virtue of the prerogative of the Crown.

Aliens otherwise qualified, who have been domiciled in England or Wales for ten years or upwards, but no others, are qualified and liable to serve--since 1870, in which year was abolished the right of an alien prisoner to have half the jury aliens.

_The Franchise._--Every man of full age who on the 31st July and for the twelve months preceding is an inhabitant occupier, as owner or tenant, whether in a county or a borough, of any dwelling-house, or any part of a house separately occupied as a dwelling, the poor rates in respect of which have been duly paid, is entitled to be placed on the register of Parliamentary voters. There are various other qualifications which confer the franchise, but full information and assistance in obtaining registration are so readily given by the political associations everywhere, that it seems unnecessary to state them here. But the lodger franchise deserves some notice. For alike in counties and boroughs any man who, being of full age, occupies on the 31st July, and for the twelve months preceding, in the same dwelling-house, separate lodgings, at a rent which would be not lower than 4_s._ a week if the rooms were unfurnished, and who has resided there for the twelve months, and who makes claim in the prescribed form between the 1st and 25th of August, is entitled to be registered as a voter.

_Fire Insurance._--The premiums payable in common insurances of houses used for residence and the ordinary furniture therein are so moderate that every householder ought to insure. China, glass, watches, jewels, musical instruments, and pictures have to be paid for at an average rate of from 4_s._ to 5_s._ per 100_l._, but otherwise the rate for house and furniture may be taken to be from 1_s._ to 2_s._ 6_d._ per 100_l._ Circumstances alter cases, however, and the rates of course vary with the risk in each instance, and those given here are only mentioned as an index of their moderation. It is essential that a full disclosure of the circumstances be made to the office, for the contract of insurance is one requiring the most complete candour and good faith on the part of the insured. There should be a survey by the office, and every information given to the inspector. Of course no office is bound to accept an insurance, and while considering the proposal they will usually, on payment of a deposit, effect a temporary insurance for two or three weeks. A policy usually contains and is subject to many express conditions which speak, more or less distinctly, for themselves in each case, and need not be here discussed. But the contract contained in the policy is one of indemnity against loss, and therefore a person cannot validly insure property in which he has no interest at all, nor can he in any case recover beyond the amount of the interest which he has in the property insured. And as a policy cannot be assigned without the consent of the assurers, a change of ownership may render the policy useless _pro tanto_. It is obvious that where the wife owns all or part of the furniture, the better plan is to take out the policy in her husband’s and her names jointly, for even if she owns it all, her husband while living with her has an insurable interest in it. It is usually provided that the company may reinstate the things destroyed or damaged, instead of paying for the loss, while as regards insurances on buildings there is an Act of Parliament which provides that any person interested may require the insurance money to be laid out in repairs or rebuilding. It is important to notice that a change in the state of the premises may invalidate the policy, for the company contract to insure against the risk described in the policy, and cannot be held liable in respect of one which is materially different, or one which is greater. The sanction of the company should therefore be asked for, and the conditions usually contain express stipulations on the subject. Lastly, it may be added that even if the fire has been caused by the negligence of the insured person, the company are still liable on the policy.

_Nuisance._--The law upon this point is to be referred to a principle very simple in itself, though its limitations are sometimes difficult to observe. The principle is that one must not use one’s own property so as to injure one’s neighbour. So one must keep one’s beasts, filth, stenches, &c., within the boundaries of one’s own property; and if they transgress, the transgression imposes liability for the damage caused thereby. But in questions of this nature the law does not regard trifling and small inconveniences or allow persons to stand on extreme rights, for things could not go on if it did, and everything must be looked at from a reasonable point of view. The noise resulting from the ordinary use of the dwelling-house next door may penetrate the intervening wall, but it must be put up with. On the other hand, the noise may be so great as to amount to a nuisance, and the constant ringing of bells and other noises have been stopped by the Court for this reason, and howling dogs or crowing cocks may give the neighbours good grounds for complaint. In the case of any premises, gutter, privy, drain, ashpit, or any deposit which are or is in such a state as to be injurious to health, or any animal which is so kept, information should be given to the local sanitary authority, who have special powers given them. Overcrowded houses, and factory or workshop chimneys sending out black smoke so as to cause a nuisance, are within the same category. As to these matters, the metropolis is not governed by the same enactment as the rest of England, but it will always be a safe plan to apply to the vestry or the local board of the district with a proper description of the matter complained of, when the applicant will at any rate receive attention in exchange for courtesy. It will often be more convenient to make inquiry at the nearest police station, and the police will put the inquirer in the right course.

Any person suffering from a dangerous infectious disease, who wilfully makes use without proper precautions of any street or any public conveyance, is liable to a penalty of 5_l._, and so is the person in charge of him.

Keep out of law. If you are involved in it, remember that what costs little is usually worth less; take good advice and act thereon.

INDEX.

Abbotsford grate, 66

Abernethy biscuits, 210

Absinthe, 181

Accidents, 780

---- with boilers, 838

Accumulators, electric, 94

Acetate of soda stove, 82

Acetic acid poisoning, 793

Acid stains, removing, 553

Acne, 822

Aconite poisoning, 792

Addressing persons, 648

Administering medicine, 776

Aerated drinks, 171

Agnew pudding, 387

Agro dolce sauce, 460

Aim of exercise, 870

Air, cooling, 59

---- from hot-air furnaces, 76

---- of rooms, freshening, 56

---- pressure experiments, 673

---- pump ventilators, 58

----, purifying, 57

---- space necessary in rooms, 55

----, testing, 55, 518

----, warming fresh, 77

Airing infants, 748

---- rooms, 55

Ajo blanco, 509

Alabaster, cleaning, 536

Albanian dress, 735

Albert pudding, 387

Albo-carbon gas light, 92

Alcohol in feeding, 601

Alcoholic poisoning, 792

Ale, see Beer.

Alexandra cream, 771

---- ice pudding, 387

Alkaline poisons, 793

Alkermes cordial, 182

Almond bread, 210

---- cakes, 210

---- flavour, 478

---- Génoise pastry, 387

---- hardbake, 437

---- jumbles, 388

---- milk, 775

---- pastry, 388

---- pudding, 388

---- rice pudding, 388

---- savarin, 388

---- Savoy cake, 210

Almonds, 582

Aloes, 777

Alum, 778

Amateur theatricals, 654

Amazon bitters, 180

Amber pudding, 388

Ambrosia syrup, 176

American biscuits, 210

American dishes, 481

---- outfit, 727

---- stoves, 70

Ammonia poisoning, 793

Ammonio-citrate of iron, 778

Amnastich, 504

Anchovy butter, 271, 460

----, fried, 272

---- sandwiches, 272

---- toast, 272

---- with eggs and endive, 272

---- with olives, 272

Angelica cordial, 182

---- ratafia, 182

Angels’ food, 388

Angels on horseback, 288

Angostura bitters, 180

Animal charcoal as a filter, 24

---- foods, 591

Anise liqueur, 182

Anise-seed cordial, 182

Anisette cordial, 182

Answering invitations, 650

Antidotes to poisons, 792

Anti-fat diet, 595

Antimonial wine, 778

Antimony poisoning, 793

Ants, destroying, 557

Appert’s translucent glass, 56

Apple and currant soup, 247

---- ---- quince tart, 389

---- brandy, 182

---- bread, 210

---- cake, 389

---- Charlotte, 389

---- chips, 565

---- chutney, 132

---- compote, 389

---- cordial, 189

---- cream cakes, 389

---- custard, 390

---- devil, 390

---- dumplings, 390

---- flavour, 478

---- fool, 390

---- ginger, 138, 391

---- jam, 139

---- jelly, 139

---- marmalade, 139

---- pudding, 391

---- rings, 391

---- roly-poly, 392

---- sauce, 460

---- snow, 392

---- soup, 247

---- syrup, 176

---- tart, 392

---- wine, 191

Apples, 565, 566, 568, 569, 574, 576, 577, 579, 582

---- and tapioca, 389

----, baked, 389

----, keeping, 114, 115, 116

----, stewed, 392

Apricot cake, 393

---- chartreuse, 393

---- cream, 393

---- flavour, 478

---- omelet, 393, 454

---- sauce, 460

---- toast, 393

---- wine, 191

Apricots, 569, 572, 574

----, keeping, 121

April gardening, 932

---- markets, 569

Argand gas burners, 87

Armchair, 98

Arnotto for colouring cheese, 159

Arnott’s stove, 70

---- ventilator for ranges, 226

Aromatic bitters, 180

---- chalk, 778

---- wine-bitters, 182

Arrowroot, 772

---- blancmange, 393

---- pudding, 394

---- shape, 394

Arsenic poisoning, 793

Artichoke salad, 383

---- soup, 247

Artichokes, 568, 573, 576, 579, 582

---- and eggs, 450

----, boiled, 371

----, fried, 372

----, Jerusalem, 376

----, keeping, 117

----, stewed, 372

----, stuffed, 372

Artificial feeding, 598

Asbestos, incandescent, 77

Ashpits, disinfecting, 50

Asparagus, 484, 568, 569, 570, 572

----, boiled, 372

----, keeping, 117

---- salad, 383

---- soup, 247

Aspect compass, 3

---- for dwellings, 2

Asphalte tennis courts, 881

Aspic jelly, 367

Asuree, 511

Atkins’s filters, 27

Aubergines, 579

August gardening, 934

---- markets, 574

Aunt Eleanor’s tartlets, 394

Australian outfit, 722

Austrian dress, 728

Autumn milk, 156

Baba, 394

Babies’ clothing, 746

Bacalao, 510

Backboard for electric bell, 106

Back-to-back houses, 7

Bacon, boiled, 331

----, broiled, 332

----, buying, 575

---- fat, 332

----, fried, 332

----, salting, 125

----, spiced, 125

---- with cabbage, 331

---- ---- potatoes, 331

---- ---- spinach, 332

Bacon’s high-pressure heating system, 81

Bacteria in water, 23

Baden-Baden pudding, 394

Badminton (drink), 191

---- (game), 872

Bailey-Denton’s cistern filter, 33

Bailey’s oven pyrometer, 207

Bain marie, 242

Bakers’ ovens, 207

---- pyrometer, 207

Bakewell pudding, 394

Baking bread, 207

---- fish, 268

---- ovens in ranges, 222

Balcony pipes, 49

Baldness, 707, 809

Balm wine, 191

Banana syrup, 176

Banbury cake, 210

Bandaging, 783

Barbel, 580

----, broiled, 272

----, roast, 272

Barberries, preserved, 139

Barley gruel, 410

---- milk, 776

---- soup, 247

---- sugar, 437

---- water, 191, 775

Barm, 207

Barrel stand, 168

Barreling wine, 190

Barrels, cleaning, 169

Barszcz soup, 261, 506

Basement sinks, 50

---- walls, 96

Basting, 241

Bath buns, 211

---- cake, 211

---- chaps, 125

Bath, water apertures in, 49

Bathing, 828

---- dresses, 718

---- rules, 830

Bathroom, 49, 828

----, situation, 49

---- waste, 49

Batter-cream soup, 247

----, frying, 407

---- pudding, 395

Battery for electric bell, 102

Bean soup, 256

Beans, 582

----, broad, boiled, 372

----, French, 375

----, haricot, 375

----, keeping, 114, 118

Becaficos, 571

Béchamel sauce, 460

Bedclothes, 702

Bedding, disinfecting, 818

Bedfellows, 703

Bed of sickroom, 758

Bed rests, 760

Bedroom, 699

----, aspect for, 3

---- carpets, 101

---- cupboard, 98

---- curtains, 98, 101

----, decorating, 101

---- fire economiser, 64

---- floors, 101

----, furnishing, 101

---- furniture, 98

----, servants’, 700

---- suite, 99

---- walls, 101

----, warming, 699

---- woodwork, 101

Beds, 701

----, airing, 760

----, making, 702

----, position of, 760

Bedsteads, 98, 101, 700

Bed table, 760

Bed ticks, cleaning, 549

Beef, 309

---- à la financière, 309

---- à la macédoine, 309

---- à la mode, 309

---- à la Napolitaine, 309

----, boiled, 309

----, braised, 310

----, brasciolette, 310

----, bubble and squeak, 310

----, buying, 563, 565, 567

----, carving, 622

----, collared, 125

----, corned, 125

---- croquettes, 311

----, fillet, 311

----, frizzled, 311

----, Hamburgh, 127

---- hams, 125

---- hash, 311

----, hung, 311

----, Hungarian, 128

---- kidney, 311

----, minced collops, 311

----, mock brawn, 312

---- pot au feu, 313

----, potted, 125, 313

----, pressed, 313

----, roast, 314

----, salt, 314

----, salting, 125

----, scalloped, 314

----, spiced, 126, 314

---- tea, 258, 316, 771

---- tournedos, 316

---- vinaigrette, 316

Beefsteak à la Bordelaise, 315

---- pie, 315

---- pudding, 315

----, stewed, 315

Beer, 179

----, bottling, 179

----, brightening cloudy, 179

----, finings for, 180

----, restoring sour, 180

---- soup, 247, 489

----, summer, 179

Bees, keeping, 928

Beetroot, 565, 582

----, baked, 372

---- beer, 191

----, boiled, 372

----, preserving, 139

---- salad, 383

---- with cream sauce, 372

Belgian dishes, 484

Bell and telephone, 103

Belladonna liniment, 778

---- poisoning, 792

Bells, 102

Bells, electric, 102

Bell traps, 39, 45, 50

Bell-wire pipes, 49, 102

Bell wires, 102

Belts, 711

Benches, 862

Benzol poisoning, 792

Bernays’s manganese filter, 29

Bethlehem dress, 742

Bézique, Polish, 686

Bhartas, 495

Bicarbonate of potash, 778

---- ---- soda, 778

Bichromate of potash poisoning, 793

---- pile, 93

Bilberry wine, 192

Billiard room, aspect for, 3

Bills of fare, dinners, 635

Bins for wine, 190

Birch wine, 192

Birds’-nests soup, 247

Bischof’s spongy iron filter, 30

Biscuit charlotte, 395

---- powder, 211

Biscuits, 210

----, Abernethy, 210

----, American, 210

----, Brighton, 212

----, buttered, 212

----, Captain’s, 212

----, cracknel, 212

----, drop, 213

----, filbert, 213

----, lemon, 214

----, macaroons, 214

----, Naples, 214

----, Queen’s, 217

----, rout, 217

----, Savoy, 218

----, sweetmeat nuts, 219

----, tops and bottoms, 220

----, wine, 220

----, York, 220

Bishop (drink), 192

Bishop pudding, 395

Bites, 780

Bitter-almonds flavour, 478

Bitters, 180

Blackbeetles, destroying, 557

Blackberries, 579

Blackberry brandy, 182

---- cordial, 183

---- jam, 137, 139

---- jelly, 140

---- mould, 395

---- pudding, 395

---- syrup, 176

---- tart, 395

---- wine, 192

Black butter, 461

Blackcock, carving, 632

Black currant cordial, 189

---- ---- jam, 137

---- ---- jelly, 140

---- currants, bottled, 140

Blackened ceilings, 85

Black Forest dress, 731

Black Ghost, 682

Black puddings, 511

Blanched turkey, 366

Blancmange, 395, 601, 770

Blankets, 702

Bleeding, 781

Blind area walls, 5

Blinds of nursery, 746

Blistering fluid poisoning, 793

Blisters, 763

Bloater à la Sefton, 272

---- on toast, 272

Bloaters, pickled, 487

----, potted, 126

Block, 688

Blowers, 80

Blowing out candles, 83

Blue gum for colds, 801

Blue pill, 778

Bluestone poisoning, 793

Blue vinney cheese, 164

Blueing machine, 855

Boar’s head, 126, 332

Bobbins for bells, 106

Bobotie, 487

Boiled potatoes, keeping, 113

Boiler explosions, 838

Boilers, 832

----, steam, 940

Boiling, 241

---- fish, 268

Boker’s bitters, 180

Bola d’amor, 504

Bolding’s gas regulator burner, 89

Bolsters, 702

Bombay ducks, 272

---- pudding, 395

Bondon cheese, 166

Bone, cleaning, 533

---- soup, 247

Boned ham, 334

---- shoulder of mutton, 330

Bones, broken, 783

---- for soup, keeping, 112

Boning fowl, 349, 350

---- turkey, 367

Bonne femme soup, 248, 267

Books, care of, 903

----, cleaning, 541

---- on bedroom, 705

---- on dairy, 167

---- on dining room, 647

---- on drawing room, 698

---- on dressing room, 745

---- on dwelling, 111

---- on farmyard. 929

---- on garden, 935

---- on housewife’s room, 582

---- on kitchen, 517

---- on playground, 888

---- on schoolroom, 869

---- on sickroom, 826

---- on workroom, 902

Boots, 711

----, buying, 712

----, preserving, 713

Borax, 778

Bordeaux cake, 211

Bordelaise sauce, 461

Borshch, 507

Boston brown bread, 481

---- pudding, 396

Bottles, cleaning, 170, 531

----, corking, 170

----, drying, 170

----, tying down, 170

Bottling beer, 179

---- black currants, 140

---- cherries, 140

---- cider, 194

---- currants, 138

---- damsons, 142

---- fruit, 138

---- gooseberries 138, 142

---- plums, 138, 148

---- raspberries, 138

---- rhubarb, 138, 151

---- strawberries, 138

---- wine, 190

Bottling-wax, 138

Boudin of fish, 269

Boudoir furniture, 98

Bouillabaisse, 269, 505

Bouilli, 242

Bouillon, 242

Bournes, 13

Bowle, 489

Box gutters, 18

---- mangle, 857

Boyle’s air cooler, 59

---- ---- warmer, 77

---- ventilator, 58

Bracciolette, 503

Braces, 711

Brain worries, 794

Brains, 569

Braising, 242

Bramah closets, 47, 48

Bran bread, 593

Brandied peaches, 147

---- plums, 149

---- quinces, 150

Brandy bitters, 180

---- butter, 461

---- flavour, 478

---- sauce, 461

---- shrub, 183

---- snaps, 211

Brass, cleaning, 536

Brawn, 126, 333

----, mock, 312

Bread, 207, 592

----, almond, 210

----, baking, 207

----, Colchester, 212

----, curing sour dough, 208

----, diet, 213

----, fancy, 210

----, flour for, 208

---- for invalids, 772

----, gas ovens, 208

---- in tins, 209

----, Italian, 214

----, keeping, 113

----, kneading, 209

----, milk for, 208

---- mould, 492

---- ovens, 207

---- potatoes for, 208

----, short-, 218

----, steam ovens, 208

----, testing, 520

----, Vienna, 220

---- with barm, 207

---- ---- German yeast, 208

---- ---- seconds flour, 209

Breadcrumbs, baked, 461

----, fried, 354, 461

----, plain, 461

Bread-making in hot weather, 209

Bread poultice, 762

---- puddings, 396

---- sauce, 461

Breadstuffs, buying, 566

Breakages, law of, 961

Breakfast cake, 211

---- cloth, laying, 607

Breakfasts, 641

----, wedding, 646

Bream, 272

----, broiled, 273

----, buying, 565

----, roast, 273

----, soused, 273

----, stewed, 273

Breast of mutton, 317

---- veal, 343

Breathing in smoke, 110

Bretzeln, 489

Brewers’ yeast, 207

Brewing, 179

Brianees, 496

Brick drains, evils of, 52

---- ----, objections to, 53

---- ----, signs of perishing, 53

Brick-flue ranges, 221

Bride cake, 211, 216

Brie cheese, 166

Brightening cloudy beer, 179

Brighton biscuits, 212

Brill, 273, 565, 566, 568, 570, 576, 580

Brioche, 397

Briquettes, 581

British cheeses, 164

Brittany dress, 739, 742

Broad beans, 573

---- ----, boiled, 372

Broccoli, 372, 565, 582

---- with white sauce, 373

Brochan, 509

Broiling fish, 268

Broken bones, 783

Bronze, cleaning, 537

Broth, mutton, 259, 318

----, Scotch, 265

----, tea-kettle, 266

Broths as food, 599

Brown and Green’s kitchener, 228

Brown bread, 593

---- ---- ice, 442

---- butter sauce, 462

---- pudding, 397

---- sauce, 462

---- sharp sauce, 473

Browned crab, 277

Brunoise soup, 248, 267

Brushing the hair, 810

Brussels carpet, 96

---- sprouts, 579, 582

---- ----, boiled, 373

---- ---- omelet, 454

Bubble and squeak, 310

Bucellas (drink), 193

Buckskin gloves, cleaning, 532

Buckwheat cakes, 481

Bugs, destroying, 558

Bulgarian dress, 728, 731

Bullaces, 579

Bullock’s heart, 310

Bumaloes, 272

Bunions, 806

Buns, Bath, 211

----, Chelsea, 212

----, cinnamon, 212

----, hot cross, 213

----, saffron, 218

Burdwan, 496

Burglars, precautions, 108

Burgundy cup, 193

Burners, Argand, 87

----, gas, number needed, 85, 87

---- of gas fires, 78

----, regulating, 89

Burning kitchen waste without causing smell, 49

Burns, 785

Bursting water-pipes, 846

Butter, 156

----, churning, 157

----, English, inferior, 157

----, keeping, 113

----, making, English faults, 157

----, ----, Normandy, 158

----, potting, 159

----, putting up, 158

----, rancid, 159

---- room, 156

----, testing, 520

---- yield, 156

Buttered biscuits, 212

---- jack (drink), 193

---- lobster, 283

Buttermilk creams, 403

Butters, 460

Buttonhole patch, 892

Buying clothes, 714

---- fish, 565, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571, 573, 575

---- fruit, 565, 566, 568, 569, 570, 572, 573, 576

---- game, 565, 566, 568, 569, 571, 573, 574, 575

---- meat, 563, 565, 567, 569, 570, 572, 575

---- poultry, 565, 566, 568, 569, 571, 573, 575

---- vegetables, 565, 566, 568, 569, 570, 572, 573, 574, 576

Cabbage, 565, 570, 573

----, boiled, 373

----, cold slaugh, 374

----, hot slaugh, 374