CHAPTER VIII.

LITERATURE AND THE ARTS.

Praehistoric art and architecture 194 Roman and Visigothic _ib._ Arabic 195 Three periods of 196 Mudejar 201 Christian _ib._ Renaissance 202 Churrigueresque 203 Domestic architecture _ib._ Church furniture and minor arts 204

_Painting._

Characteristics of Spanish painting 205 Local schools 206 Murillo 208 Painters of Valencian school 209 " " Castilian " _ib._ " " Andalusian " _ib._ Modern painters 210 Industrial arts, goldsmith's work, iron, porcelain, glass, wood, lace 212 Music _ib._

_Literature._

Early Romances 213 " Prose works 214 La Celistina and the _picaresque_ novels 215 Drama and _Autors_ 216 Lope de Vega _ib._ Calderon de la Barca 217 Cervantes _ib._ Quevedo 219 Historical writings 220 Poetry _ib._ Mystic writers 222 Classical and romantic schools _ib._ Modern writers: Poets--Espronceda, Zorilla, Becquer, &c. 224 Novelists--Fernan Caballero, J. Valera, &c. _ib._ Dramatists--Hartzenbusch, Breton de los Herreros, &c. 225 Nunez de Arce 226 Historians--Conde Gayangos, De la Fuente, &c. _ib._ Geographers--Fernandez Guerra, Coello, Bowles _ib._ Geologists--Macpherson, &c. _ib._ Economists--Cardenas, Colmeiro, De Azcarate 227 Theologians--Balmes, Donoso Cortez, C. Gonzalez, &c. _ib._ Philologists--F. Fita, &c. _ib._ Orators 228 Provincial literature 229