CHAPTER VI.

HISTORY AND POLITICAL CONSTITUTION.

Early liberties, _behetria_, _fueros_ 145 Capitulations of Moors and Jews 147 Conquest of the South and its results 149 The _Santa Hermandad_ _ib._ The Austrian Dynasty 151 The Bourbon Dynasty 152 Modern Constitutional Spain 153 Cortes of Cadiz _ib._ Reign of Ferdinand VII., and loss of American colonies_ib._ " Isabella II. 154 First Carlist War _ib._ Ministry of Narvaez 156 " O'Donnell 157 Expulsion of Isabella II., and provisional government _ib._ Amadeo I. 158 Republic _ib._ Second Carlist War 159 Cantonalist insurrection _ib._ Alphonso XII. 160 Ministry of Canovas del Castillo 161

_Present Constitution and Administration of Spain_ 162 Cortes, Senate, Congress 163 Provincial administration 164 Municipal " _ib._ Religion 165 Rights of persons, natives and foreigners _ib._

_Military Administration_ 166 Army 167 Quality of Spanish soldiery, _pronunciamientos_, &c. 168

_Naval Administration_ 169 Royal Navy _ib._ Mercantile Navy _ib._

_Judicial Administration_ 169 Legal Procedure 170 Prisons _ib._ Hospitals and lunatic asylums 171 Railways 172 Telegraphs _ib._ Letters and post _ib._

_Finances of Spain._

Public debt 174 Increase of, since 1868 175 Deficit of budgets _ib._ Sources of revenue 176 Expenditure _ib._ Imports and exports 177 Foreign tariffs _ib._ Protection and free trade 178 Empleomania and its results 179