Part 173

_Note that forsmuch as good Italians shun as a thing most harsh among them, to haue or vse many consonants together, namely aboue two, seldome three, and never foure; and that there be diuers words of the Masculine gender that begin with_ S. _and one or more consonants follow the same, as_ Spirit[o], Strále, Strácci[o], Str[o]mẻnt[o], &c. _Before such words they will not, according to the foresaid rule, vse the Articles_ Il, _and_ I, _but will say and write, as being more pleasing in pronouncing, and to the eare_, l[o] Spírit[o], l[o] Strácci[o], l[o] Strále, l[o] Str[o]mẻnt[o], gli Spíriti, gli Stráccij, gli Stráli, gli Str[o]mẻnti, &c.

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_Note that the Article_ Li, _is and may indifferently be vsed before consonants or vowels, as_ Li árb[o]ri, li cittadíni, li quáli, &c. _and I am of opinion that were it not that some ancient Writers haue vsed the same, moderne Writers would not much vse it._

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_Note that_ La, _and_ Le, _before vowels are vsually apostrophed and pronounced as one word, whereas before consonants they are written and pronounced seuerally: as for example_, L'ácqua, l'ánima, l'altézza, l'acque, l'ánime, l'altézze, &c. La bálla, la Cárne, la fáccia, la ménte, la tẻrra, &c. Le bálle, le Carni, le fáccie, le ménti, le tẻrre, &c.

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_Note that the foresaid particles are not euer or properly articles, except they be ioyned vnto absolute nounes, whether substantiues, adiectiues, or proper: for if they be affixed vnto verbes (as they are very often) they change their property, and become pronounes deriuatiues from the primitiues, or else demonstratiues of the Datiue and Accusatiue cases, as for example_; I[o] gli diédi, _I gaue him:_ I[o] il víddi, _I saw him:_ Tù l[o] c[o]n[ó]sci, _thou knowest him:_ Tù i Sénti, _thou hearest them,_ Tù la t[ó]cchi, _thou touchest her:_ Tù le fai mále, _thou dost her hurt: and with verbes of priuation, as hereafter shall be better declared_, Gli, _and_ li, _and_ le _become of the Ablatiue case: as for example;_ Tù gli rubásti, _thou stolest from him, or them._ Tu li tollésti, _thou tookest from him or them:_ Tu la furásti, _thou stolest from her._

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_Note also that these two Articles_ La _and_ Li _are sometimes aduerbes of place, signifying There, or in that place, and then they are commonly accented, as_ Là _and_ Lì.

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_Note that to the Articles are diuers times affixed these prepositions, as_ Di _of the Genitiue case_, A _of the Datiue, and_ Da _of the Ablatiue; which so ioyned, make of the Genitiue_ Del, Dell', Déi, De', Déll[o], Dégli, Délli, Délla, Delle, _and of the Datiue_ Al, All', Ai, A', All[o], Agli, Alli, Alla, Alle, _and of the Ablatiue_ Dál, Dáll', Dái, Da', Dáll[o], Dágli, Dálli, Dálla, Dálle; _which sometimes are in the Italian tongue diuersly vsed, and lose their ordinary significations: as for example; those of the Genitiue case become somtimes the signe of a comparison, in English, Then, or Then the, namely, after the Aduerbs of quantity,_ Più, _or_ Mén[o], _as thus:_ Tù Sẻi più dótt[o] di mè, mà n[ó]n già déll'amíc[o] nóstr[o]. _Other times following a verbe and being before a noune substantiue, whose quality may be diuisible, they become Aduerbs of quantity, and signifie Some, or part of, as thus,_ Dámmi dél páne ẻ dél vin[o], ẻt i[o] tì darò délla cárne, dégl'óssi, ẻ dél pésce.

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_Note that_ Alla, _being placed before any noune adiectiue, it makes the same an aduerbe of similitude; like vnto, or after the fashion of, as thus,_ I[o] pr[o]céd[o] álla reále, _I proceed like vnto an honest man, or honest-man-like. Or thus,_ Lui párla all'Italiána, vẻste álla Francése, béue álla T[o]désca, &c. _He speaketh after the Italian fashion, clotheth after the French, and drinkes after the Dutch manner, &c._

_And euen so doth_ Da, _being placed before a noune substantiue, as thus,_ I[o] pr[o]céd[o] da huóm[o] da béne, tù vẻsti da capitán[o], párli da D[o]tt[ó]re, ẻ fái da p[o]ltr[ó]ne.

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_Note that all the Datiue cases_ A, Al, All', All_o_, Alla, Ai, A', Agli, Alli, Alle, _as also all these Articles, Affixes, or Pronounes deriuatiues_, Mi, Ti, Si, Ci, Vi, Me, Te, Se, Ce, Ve, Ne, _which are of the Datiue case, if any of them be affixed to any verbes of priuation, as_ Asc[ó]ndere, Furáre, Rubbáre, Tógliere, &c. _contrary to all rules (and which was yet neuer noted in any Grammar that I haue seene) they all become of the Ablatiue case, and with no other verbes, as thus,_ I[o] hò leuáte le fórze a', _or,_ alli miéi amici, Tù mi t'asc[ó]ndi, Tù ci hai furáti i nostri líbri; Di[o] vi torrà i vóstri piacéri, v[ó]i ne hauéte tólt[o] il nóstr[o] ripós[o]. I peccat[ó]ri non si póss[o]n[o] nasc[ó]ndere á Dí[o], &c. _which be meere Italianismes._

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_Note also that the Preposition of the Ablatiue case_ Da. _whether alone or ioyned to any Article, as_ Dál, Dai, Dáll[o], Dágli, Dálli, Dálla, Dálle, _comming after any of these verbes of motion_, Andáre, C[ó]rrere, Fuggíre, Veníre, &c. _so that the party or persons to whom you goe, runne, flie, or come, be named or mentioned, contrary to all rules giuen in Grammars, they become of the Datiue case. As for example,_ Andánd[o] dal Sign[ó]r Pá[o]l[o], C[ó]rsi dálla Sign[ó]ra María, v[o]lẻnd[o] fuggíre dalli Sign[ó]ri Th[o]mas[o] ẻd Andrẻa, vénni dal Sign[ó]r Henric[o], &c.

_Note also that the preposition of the Ablatiue case_ Da. _comming before any Noune numerall or number, it serueth for the Preposition_, Círca _or_ Int[ó]rn[o], _in English, About, as thus._ Éran[o] da venti s[o]ldáti. _They were about twenty souldiers._ I[o] vi tr[o]uái da diẻci huómini da béne. _There I found about ten honest men, &c._

_Note also that_ Da, _or_ Da' _are likewise often vsed for an Aduerbe of exception, sauing or except: but then the thing excepted must immediately follow_ Da, _and_ Infuóri _or in_ pói, _must succeede the same, as_ I[o] truóu[o] m[ó]lte cóse da denári in fuóri. Tútti s[ó]n[o] huómini da béne da' furbi in pói. &c.

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_Note that these prepositions_, C[o]n, Pẻr, In, N[ó]n, _are often ioyned vnto Articles, and made as one word or sillable, as for_ C[o]n il. C[o]n i. C[o]n l[o]. C[o]n gli. C[o]n la. C[o]n le. _the Italians will say and write._ C[o]l tẻmp[o]. C[o]i líbri. C[o]' fratẻlli. C[o]ll'am[ó]re. C[o]gl'ódij. C[ó]lla mádre. C[ó]lle s[o]rẻlle, &c. _in English, with or with the._

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_In steede of,_ Pẻr il. Pẻr i. Pẻr l[o]. Pẻr gli. Pẻr li. Pẻr la. Pẻr le. _They say and write._ Pẻl. Pẻi. Pẻ', Pẻll[o]. Pẻgli. Pẻlli. Pẻlla. Pẻlle. _For, Through, or by the._

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_In steede of,_ In il. In i. In l[o]. In gli. In li. In la. In le. _They say and write,_ Nél. Nei. Ne'. Néll[o]. Négli, Nélli. Nélla. Nélle. _In English, In, Into, or in the._

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_In steede of,_ N[o]n il. N[o]n i. N[o]n l[o]. N[o]n gli. N[o]n li. N[o]n la. N[o]n le. _They say and write,_ N[o]l. N[o]i. N[o]'. N[ó]ll[o]. N[ó]gli. N[ó]lli. N[ó]lla. N[ó]lle. _In English, Not the, not him, not her, or not them, &c. Let this suffice for the Articles and the vse of them._

Of Nounes in generall, namely of Substantiues, and of the vse of them.

_A Noune is properly any thing of Essence or Substance, which may either be touched, seene, or imagined, as_ Árb[o]re, Córn[o], Fi[ó]re, Sáss[o], &c. S[ó]le, Lúna, Ciẻl[o], Stélla, &c. Dí[o], Ánima, Speránza, Paradís[o], &c.

_Note that all Italian Nounes, both Substantiues, Adiectiues, and Proper, be either of the Masculine or Feminine genders, and that most of them be either meerely Latine, or deriued of the Latine. Those that be Latine, haue only the Ablatiue case singular of the same, which serueth for all cases singular of the Italian, and only the Articles distinguish both genders and numbers; so that whosoeuer knowes the Articles perfectly, and learneth to decline but one Noune, shall thereby know how to decline all. I will not therfore be tedious._

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_Note that all Masculine Nounes in the singular number, end and terminate either in_ O. _or in_ E. _or in_ A. _and all in_ I. _in the Plurall, except some few heteroclites, whereof shall be spoken hereafter, as for example._ Il Castẻll[o], Il Ciẻl[o], Il líbr[o], Il tẻmp[o], L'ódi[o], L'[o]rgógli[o], &c. I castẻlli, I ciẻli, I líbri, I tẻmpi, Gl'ódij, gl'[o]rgógli, &c. Il fiúme, Il nóme, Il pádre, Il sángue, Il túrbine, &c. I fiúmi, I nómi, I pádri, I sángui, I túrbini, &c. Il Dúca, Il Poẻta, Il Pr[o]fẻta, l'Euangelísta, &c. I Dúchi, I Poẻti, I Pr[o]phẻti, Gl'Euangelisti, &c.

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_Note that most of Italian Feminine nounes end in the singular either in_ A. _or in_ E. _if in_ A. _then in_ E. _in the plurall. As for example,_ La bálla. la cárta. la tẻrra. la táu[o]la, &c. Le bálle. le cárte. le tẻrre. le táu[o]le. &c. L'ácqua. L'ánima. L'ácque. L'ánime. &c. _And if in_ E. _in the singular, then in_ I. _in the plurall, as for example,_ La c[o]nsuetúdine. La mádre. La ménte. La salúte. &c. Le c[o]nsuetúdini. Le mádri. Le ménti. Le salúti, &c. L'[o]ccasi[ó]ne. L'[o]ccasi[ó]ni. _One only Feminine noune endeth in_ O. _that is,_ La mán[o], _which in the plurall endeth in_ I. _as_ Le máni.

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_Note that all Feminine nounes that in their Ablatiue case singular of the Latin end in_ Áte, _or_ V´te. _The Italians (namely in prose) reiect and loose the last sillable_ Té, _and take the rest, euer placing an accent ouer the last_ A. _or_ V. _making Singular and Plurall all one, which they distinguish by the Articles, or by the Adiectiues, or by the Pronounes ioyned vnto them, as for example,_ La Città. La qualità. La quantità. La realità. &c. Le città. Le qualità. Le quantità. Le realità. &c. La gi[o]uentù. La seruitù. La vertù. &c. Le giouentù. Le seruitù. Le vertù. &c. _Yet obserue that Poets may, and doe often dispence with this rule: for at their pleasure they may vse both, yea and often change_ Te _into_ De, _as for example._ La città. la cittáte. la cittáde. La qualità. la qualitáte. la qualitáde. La vertù. la vertúte. la vertúde. &c. Le città. le cittáti. le cittádi. Le qualitá. le qualitáti. le qualitádi. Le vertù. le vertúti. le vertúdi. &c.

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_Note that all Italian Feminine nounes that end in_ Ántia _or_ Éntia, _may at the pleasure of the speaker or writer, end in_ Anza _or_ Enza, _and Tuscans count the latter the best, as thus_ Ab[o]ndántia, Ab[o]ndánza. Vigilántia, Vigilánza, &c. Diligẻntia, Diligẻnza, Patiẻntia, Patiẻnza, &c.

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_Note that all Italian Masculine Nounes, that in the singular end in_ Io. _whereof there are many, should in the plurall end in_ ij. _as for example._ Essẻrcíti[o], Ódi[o], Óti[o], Víti[o], Essẻrcítij, Ódij, Ótij, Tẻmpij, Vitij, &c.

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_Note that most of those Latine Nounes that in their Ablatiue case singular end in_ Ine. _as_ Flúmine, Nómine, Sánguine, _the Italians loose and reiect that sillable_ Ne, _and changing the_ I. _into_ E. _they say._ Fiúme, Nóme, Sángue, _excepting_ Hómine, _whereof they frame_ Huóm[o] _in the singular, and_ Huómini _in the plurall, yet vse they to say,_ Fúlmine, Túrbine, Fúlmini, Túrbini.

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_Note that adding an Article of the Masculine gender to any Infinitiue moode, the same becommeth a Noune substantiue, a thing much vsed among the Italians, as also by putting a Pronoune demonstratiue before them, as thus._ Il mi[o] descináre n[o]n mi c[ó]sta núlla. Il d[o]rmíre di gi[ó]rn[o] n[o]n ẻ sán[o]. L'amáre il m[ó]nd[o] n[o]n piáce a Di[o]. Quést[o] tánt[o] studiáre n[o]n vi gi[ó]ua. Quést[o] vóstr[o] lẻggere vi darà nóia. Quéll[o] C[ó]rrere in frétta fà cadére, &c.

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_Note that the Italians haue a certaine liberty in framing Substantiues or rather Nicknames, according to their diuers humours or capriccios, a thing much vsed among them: and that is, by taking the third person singular of the Present tence of the Indicatiue moode of any verbe of the first Coniugation, or else the scond person singular of the same Tence and Moode of all Verbs of the second, third, and fourth Coniugations, and putting any substantiue noune to the same, as for example._ Vn Caua-dẻnti, _a Tooth-drawer._ Vn Spázza-camín[o], _a Chimney-sweeper._ Vn Vendi-légna, _a Wood-seller,_ Vn S[ó]rbi-bród[o], _a Broth-supper, &c._

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_Note that in Nounes of Trees and Fruits in the Italian tongue, the trees should euer be of the Masculine gender, and the fruits of the Feminine. As for example,_ Castágn[o], _a Chesse-nut-tree,_ Castágna, _a Chesse-nut,_ Mánd[o]rl[o], _an Almond-tree,_ Mánd[o]rla, _an Almond,_ Pér[o], _a Peare-tree,_ Péra, _a Peare,_ P[ó]om[o], _an Apple-tree,_ P[ó]ma, _an Apple,_ Pẻrsic[o], _a Peach-tree,_ Pẻrsica, _a Peach,_ Prún[o], _a Plum-tree,_ Prúna, _a Plum, &c._

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_Note that taking the name of any manuall thing or wrought by hand, so it be euer made to end in_ A. _as_ B[o]tt[ó]ne, B[ó]tte, Capẻll[o], Guánt[o], Líbr[o], Candéla, Cárta, Sẻlla, Spáda, &c. _and ioyning_ R[o]. _or_ I[o]. _vnto it, you make substantiuely the professor or workeman of that trade, as thus._ B[o]tt[o]nár[o], B[o]tt[o]nái[o], B[o]ttár[o], B[o]ttái[o], Capẻllár[o], Capẻllái[o], Guantár[o], Guantái[o], Librár[o], Librái[o], Candelár[o], Candelái[o], Cartár[o], Cartái[o], Sẻllár[o], Sẻllái[o], Spadár[o], Spadái[o].

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_Note that taking the Participle of any verbe actiue, and putting_ Re. _vnto the same, you make a substantiue that expresseth the actor of that verbe, as thus._ Ballát[o], _Danced,_ Ballat[ó]re, _a Dancer,_ Amát[o], _Loued,_ Amat[ó]re, _a Louer,_ Cantát[o], _Sung,_ Cantat[ó]re, _a Singer,_ G[o]uernát[o], _Gouerned,_ G[o]uernat[ó]re, _a Gouernour,_ Lẻtt[o], _Read,_ Lẻtt[ó]re, _a Reader,_ Scrítt[o], _Written,_ Scritt[ó]re, _a Writer,_ Vdít[o], _Heard,_ Vdit[ó]re, _a Hearer,_ &c. _All which you may make of the Feminine gender by changing,_ T[ó]re _into_ Tríce. _as thus._ Amatríce, Ballatríce, Cantatríce, G[o]uernatríce, Lẻttríce, Scrittríce, Vditríce. &c.

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_Note that some late good writers haue quaintly vsed to conuert Adiectiues into Substantiues, which being discreetly placed some deeme it a very elegant Italianisme, and that is by adding an Article to any Adiectiue, namely the Mas. gender, and Sing. number. As for example_, C[ó]l púr[o] dél cuóre, c[o]n il cándid[o] dèll ánim[o], ẻt c[o]n il víu[o] déll'affẻtt[o], I[o] ám[o] il sincẻr[o] délle vóstre vertù, il d[ó]lce del vóstr[o] pr[o]cédere, mà n[o]n il dúr[o] délla vóstra rigidézza, &c.

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_Note that the Italians haue foure Sustantiues of one sillable, that is to say_ Piè, Rè, Fè, _and_ Grù, _deriued of_ Piẻde, _a Foote; of_ Rége, _a king; of_ Féde, _Faith, and of_ Grúe, _a Crane. The first two are of the Mas. and the other two of the Fem. gender, and serue for both numbers and are euer accented._

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_Note that taking the name of manageable thing, so you make it of the Feminine gender ending in_ A. _and ioyning_ Ta. _vnto it, you may elegantly expresse substantiuely the power, effect, or blow of the same, as this,_ Arco, _a Bow;_ Arcáta, _a Blow or effect of a bow._ Bast[ó]ne, Bast[o]náta, C[o]ltẻll[o], C[o]ltẻlláta, Palétta, Palettáta, Pugnále, Pugnaláta, Sáss[o], Sassáta, &c.

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_Note that for as much as the Italians vnto certaine Nounes substantiues of the Masculine gender, besides their owne and proper plurall, they giue them another, which in sound and writing seemeth to be of the Feminine gender and singular number ending in_ A. _and yet hath the Article, the Pronoune, or Adiectiue, that must gouerne the same of the Feminine gender and Plurall number, which they call heteroclites: and because this Feminine plurall is deemed to be the most elegant, and that there be but some few of them, I have therefore set downe here as many as I could remember, as followeth alphabetically._

Il Brácci[o]. I Bráccij. Le Bráccia. Il Budẻll[o]. I Budẻlli. Le Budẻlla. Il Calcágn[o]. I Calcágni. Le Calcágna. Il Cárr[o]. I Cárri. Le Cárra. Il Castẻll[o]. I Castẻlli. Le Castẻlla. Il Ceruẻll[o]. I Ceruẻlli. Le Ceruẻlla. Il Cígli[o]. I Cíglij. Le Cíglia. Il Córn[o]. I Córni. Le Córna. Il Dít[o]. I Díti. Le Díta. Il Fíc[o]. I Fíchi. Le Fíca. Il Fíl[o]. I Fíli. Le Fila. Il F[o]ndamént[o]. I F[o]ndaménti. Le F[o]ndaménta. Il Frútt[o]. I Frútti. Le Frútta. Il Ginócchi[o]. I Ginócchij. Le Ginócchia. Il Lábbr[o]. I Lábbri. Le Lábbra. Il Légn[o]. I Légni. Le Légna. Il Múr[o]. I Múri. Le Múra. Il Mẻmbr[o]. I Mẻmbri. Le Mẻmbra. L'[O]récchi[o]. Gl'[O]récchij. Le [O]récchia. L'Óss[o]. Gl'Óssi. Le Óssa. Il Pái[o]. I Páij. Le Páia. Il Pár[o]. I Pári. Le Pára. Il Peccát[o]. I Peccáti. Le Peccáta. Il Púgn[o]. I Púgni. Le Púgna. Il Quadrẻll[o]. I Quadrẻlli. Le Quadrẻlla. Il Rastell[o]. I Rastẻlli. Le Rastẻlla. Il Rís[o]. I Rísi. Le Rísa. Il Stái[o]. I Stáij. Le Stáia. Il Stár[o]. I Stári. Le Stára. Il Stríd[o]. I Strídi. Le Strída. Il Vestígi[o]. I Vestígij. Le Vestígia. Il Vestimént[o]. I Vestiménti. Le Vestiménta, &c.

_There be some others that I remember not. Yet note that there be ancient Poets that make some of them end in_ Óra, _as these,_ Lát[o], Cámp[o], Luóg[o], Órt[o], Córp[o], Prát[o], Rám[o], &c. _and in the Plurall say,_ Camp[ó]ra, Corp[ó]ra, Lat[ó]ra, Luog[ó]ra, Prat[ó]ra, Ort[ó]ra, &c. _In steede of_ Cámpi, Córpi, Láti, Luóghi, Órti, Práti, &c. _but are not generally allowed._

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_Note that the Italians haue a peculiar priuiledge more liuely to declare, and more succinctly to expresse the proper forme and quality of any primitiue, positiue, or radicall Noune, then all other nation or languages, and which among them is very much vsed, both in speaking and writing, and is counted very quaint and elegant; and because it was neuer yet noted of any, and is so frequently vsed, I deeme the knowledge thereof to be most necessary, and thinke it behoofefull to be declared vnto your soueraigne Maiesty; which is, by adding certaine terminations or sillables vnto any primitiue or positiue nounes, as for example,_ Ín[o], Étt[o], V´cci[o], Ótt[o], [Ó]ne, Ácci[o]; _for these are most used. What noune soeuer endeth in_ Ín[o], _sheweth the same to be very little, small, and the least that may be. What noune soeuer endeth in_ Étt[o], _declares the same to be both very little, and therewithall quaint and pretty. What noune soeuer endeth in_ V´cci[o], _importeth the same to be poore, miserable, wretched, and deseruing compassion. Whatsoeuer noune endeth in_ Ótt[o], _implieth the same to be handsomly big, well compact, and indifferently goodly. What noune soeuer endeth in_ [Ó]ne, _doth manifest the same to be great beyond reason, bigge and ouer great, farre exceeding due proportion, huge aboue measure. What noune soeuer endeth in_ Ácci[o], _argueth the same to be ugly, lothsome, contemptible, filthy, and odious. Let these few examples serue for all the rest._

Anẻll[o], _any kinde of ordinary Ring._ Anẻllín[o], _a very little or small Ring._ Anẻllétt[o], _a little, and therewith pretty and quaint Ring._ Anẻllúcci[o], _a silly, poore, abiect, and base Ring._ Anẻllótt[o], _a handsome, well fashioned, and not despisable Ring._ Anẻll[ó]ne, _a huge, bigge, great, exceeding due proportion Ring._ Anẻllácci[o], _a filthy, contemptible, lothsome, and to be reiected Ring._ Cauáll[o], Cauallín[o], Cauallétt[o], Cauallúcci[o], Cauallótt[o], Cauall[ó]ne, Cauallácci[o]. Dónna, Donnína, Donnétta, Donnúccia, Donnótta, Donn[ó]ne, Donnáccia. Spáda, Spadína, Spadétta, Spadúccia, Spadótta, Spad[ó]ne, Spadáccia.

_And so of all the rest: but remember, that if you will haue them end in_ Ótt[o], _or_ [Ó]ne, _you must make the Feminin positiue to end in O. as_ Donn[ó]ne, Cas[ó]ne, Spad[ó]ne, Tau[o]l[ó]ne, _of_ Dónna, Spáda, Cása, Táu[o]la, &c.

_Note also that if the primitiue noune end in_ N[o], _or_ Re, _as_ Ásin[o], Past[ó]re, _to expresse a kind of diminution or prettinesse and littlenesse, you may make them end in_ Ell[o], _as_ Asinẻll[o], Bast[o]ncẻll[o], Past[o]rẻll[o], &c.

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_Note that all Nounes ending in_ L[o]. Le. R[o]. Re. or Ne. _except the last vowell require an accent, the said vowell may be left out, and at pleasure both in speaking and writing, in steed of_ Búffal[o]. Cauáll[o]. Mále. Quále. Tále. Amár[o]. Cár[o]. C[o]l[ó]re. H[o]n[ó]re. Buón[o]. Sán[o]. Mán[o]. Cáne. Páne. _as also all Infinitiue moods, as_ Amáre. Cantáre. Tenére. Vedére. C[ó]rrere. Tẻssere. D[o]rmíre. Vdíre. _you may very well say_, Buffal'. Cauál'. Mál'. Quál'. Tal'. Amár'. Cár'. C[o]l[ó]r'. H[o]n[ó]r'. Buón. Sán'. Mán'. Cán'. Pán'. Amár'. Cantár'. Tenér'. Vedér'. C[ó]rrer'. Tẻsser'. D[o]rmír'. Vdír'. &c. _For_ L. N. _and_ R. _are among the Italians counted the principall liquids in which words may end, though some count_ M. _and_ T. _liquids also. For some make the first persons plurall of Verbes end in_ M. _leauing out the_ O. _as you shall see better in Verbes, as also because the Coniunction copulatiue ended in_ T. _namely before consonants, as hath alreadie beene said._

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_Note also that all plurals of most masculine words, whose singulars end in_ Ll[o], _or_ Le, _may at the pleasure of the Speaker or Writer end in_ Gli. Li. _or_ I. _as_ Cauáll[o]. Cauágli. Cauálli. Cauái. _or_ Cauá'. Capẻll[o]. Capẻgli. Capẻlli. Capẻi. _or_ Capẻ'. Quéll[o]. Quégli. Quélli. Quéi. _or_ Que'. Tále. Táli. Tái. Ta'. &c.

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_Note that where the Latins vse in diuers of their words the letter_ E. _after the first consonant of the first sillable, as_ Melle. Felle. Feno. Leto. Pede. Sedet. Tenet. _the Italians for elegancy sake put an_ I. _betweene the said consonant and the_ E. _and say and write_, Miẻle. Fiẻle. Fiẻn[o]. Liẻt[o]. Piẻde. Siẻde. Tiẻne. &c.

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_Note also that where the Latines haue the open or round_ O. _for the second letter after a consonant, as in these wordes_: Bon[o]. Corde. Foc[o]. Hom[o]. Mouére. Son[o]. Ton[o]. Nocére. &c. _the Italians commonly put an_ V. _before the_ O. _and say and write,_ Buón[o], Cuóre, Fuóc[o], Huóm[o], Muóuere, Nuócere, Suón[o], Tuón[o], &c.

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_Note that where the Latins vse in diuers words the letter_ L. _after_ C. F. _and_ P. _the Italians change the_ L. _into_ I. _and in steede of_ Cláro, Claritáte, Clamáre, Claue, Conclusione, Flamma, Flóre, Flumen, Plano, Planta, Plombo, Templo, &c. _they say_, Chiár[o], Chiarità, Chiamáre, Chiáue, C[o]nchiusi[ó]ne, Fiámma, Fi[ó]re, Fiúme, Pián[o], Piánta, Pi[ó]mb[o], Tẻmpi[o], &c.

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_Note that when an Italian word beginneth with_ S. _and that any other consonant followes the same, as in these examples_, Sbandáre, Scacciáre, Sc[o]ns[o]lát[o], Sfacẻndát[o], Sfórz[o], Smenticát[o], Spauẻnt[o], Stẻrminát[o], Str[o]mént[o], Suenimént[o], &c. _the best Italians for Elegancies sake, place and pronounce an_ I. _before the_ S. _and say_, Isbandáre, Iscacciáre, Isc[o]ns[o]lát[o], Isfacẻndát[o], Isfórz[o], Ismenticát[o], Ispauẻnt[o], Isterminát[o], Istr[o]mẻnt[o], Isuenimént[o], &c.

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