c. Comparison of places where regulation has been strict with
places where it has fluctuated. These ignore other factors that greatly influence the phenomenon in question. (Art. _Die Prostitution_, pp. 1243–44, abridged).
Footnote 648:
_Hygiene der Prostitution_, _loc. cit._, p. 31. If the incidence of gonorrhœa is placed at 200%, the average is two attacks.
Footnote 649:
_Ibid._, p. 32.
Footnote 650:
_Verhütung der Geschlechtskrankheiten_, p. 7.
Footnote 651:
_Ibid._, p. 21.
Footnote 652:
To the Prussian blank it is stated only 63.45% of the physicians applied to responded. _Report, Swedish Com._, Vol. III, p. 1.
Footnote 653:
_Ibid._, pp. 15–10.
Footnote 654:
The laws were suspended in 1884.
Footnote 655:
The complete statistics taken from the _Army Medical Reports_ are as follows:
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Total number of Report for the Recruits Year Inspected Recruits rejected For Syphilis „ „ Number Per 1,000 SLIGHT REGULATION 1866 20,410 338 16.56 1867 26,646 440 16.51 1868 23,543 303 12.88 1869 17,749 291 16.40
REGULATION AT ITS HEIGHT 1870 38,408 606 15.78 1871 36,212 593 16.38 1872 28,390 445 15.67 1873 24,895 411 16.51 1874 30,557 481 15.74 1875 25,878 327 12.63 1876 41,809 634 15.16 1877 43,803 680 15.52 1878 43,867 665 15.16 1879 42,668 573 13.43 1880 46,108 538 11.67 1881 47,444 593 12.50 1882 45,423 487 10.72
REGULATION SUSPENDED 1883 59,436 583 9.81 1884 66,882 707 10.57 1885 72,249 706 9.77
ABOLITION 1886 74,991 613 8.18 1887 60,976 494 8.10 1888 49,172 382 7.77 1889 53,904 358 6.64 1890 55,367 351 6.34 1891 61,322 300 4.9 1892 68,761 318 4.62 1893 64,110 314 4.90 1894 61,985 315 5.09 1895 55,698 194 3.48 1896 54,574 202 3.71 1897 59,986 208 3.47 1898 66,502 258 3.88 1899 68,087 182 2.67 1900 84,402 188 2.22 1901 76,750 177 2.31 1902 87,609 238 2.72 1903 69,533 211 3.03 1904 70,346 178 2.53 1905 66,703 156 2.34 1906 62,371 170 2.73 1907 59,393 107 1.80 1908 61,278 113 1.84 1909 50,208 89 1.77 1910 45,671 71 1.55 1911 48,178 89 1.85
From the foregoing table one must not infer that syphilis in the general population of Great Britain is rapidly decreasing, for it is impossible to say whether the recruits are fairly representative. See Johnstone, _loc. cit._, p. 8.
Footnote 656:
Complete figures are as follows: See page 375.
Footnote 657:
For this drawing and the next I am indebted to Col. Melville.
Footnote 658:
From C. H. Melville, “_The History and Epidemiology of Syphilis in the more Important Armies_,” in _A System of Syphilis_ by D’Arcy Power and J. K. Murphy (London, 1910) Vol. VI, pp. 96–98 (abridged).
Footnote 659:
This is not included in Figure I. It is shown, however, on “Kurventafel A” along with all other foreign and American armies and navies in Josef Urbach’s _Die Geschlechtskrankheiten und ihre Verhütung im k. und k. Heere_, etc. (Wien und Leipzig, 1912) p. 13.
Footnote 660:
_Reglementeringen i Stockholm_, pp. 130–2.
Footnote 661:
The main authority consulted in the above discussion is: Otto von Schjerning, _Sanitätsstatistische Betrachtungen über Volk und Heer_ (Berlin, 1910) pp. 59–67. A general discussion of conditions in European Armies is given by Col. Melville, _loc. cit._, pp. 58–72. Urbach’s book, above referred to, gives the most recent and complete account of the Austrian-Hungarian army and navy with frequent references to other nations. None of these authorities are particularly interested in the question of regulation versus abolition, so that the facts are stated by them without reference to their bearing on this controversy. M. Augagneur (_loc. cit._) discusses army statistics with close reference to our topic.
Footnote 662:
Dr. Yngvar Ustvedt, Sundhetsinspector, _Beretning om de veneriske sygdomme i Kristiania_, 1911 (1912) pp. 6, 7.
Footnote 663:
They are taken from the report mentioned in the next note.
Footnote 664:
_Aarsberetning angaaende Sundhedstilstandet i København_ for 1910. (Copenhagen, 1911) p. 36. The figures for 1911 above given were contributed by Stadslæge Dr. E. M. Hoff.
Footnote 665:
_Ibid._, p. 37.
Footnote 666:
From “Om luesoverfrelse,” (_Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening._ Nr. 5 of 6, 1912).
Footnote 667:
The above comparison is partly based on Dr. Krefting’s dissertation above cited, and on a manuscript essay in French, unpublished as yet at the time of my visit to Christiania, which Dr. Krefting courteously placed at my disposal.
Footnote 668:
I have throughout this volume refrained from attaching much importance to mere opinions as to the results of experience with either of the policies in question. It is indeed amazing to observe what definite convictions are based on brief or one-sided experience or on hearsay evidence, and this is true of abolitionists and regulationists alike. Though opinion is thus of little weight, a change of opinion forced by the failure of prophesied ill results to materialize may be not without significance; and of such change there is abundant evidence in both Christiania and Copenhagen. In the former, as late as 1898, a discussion in the Norwegian Medical Society (reported in _Prostitution i Kristiania_, 1899) showed the existence of regulationists in the medical profession. Their views were vigorously combated by City Physician Bentzen and others who proved that regulated Norwegian towns were liable to precisely the same fluctuations that followed abolition at Christiania (pp. 36–38). By the time of my visit (fourteen years later) the voice of the regulationists—so I was everywhere assured—had practically become silent—a change of attitude hardly open to misconstruction. In Copenhagen the issue is more recent and more controversial; but the trend of opinion appears to be in the same direction. I was assured that it would be practically impossible to find a physician who desired a return to the old system; Professor Ehlers, a distinguished specialist, declared, “There is absolutely no professional sentiment any longer in favor of regulation; the situation is probably better and most certainly no worse”; another physician stated: “Nothing has been lost, even if it is not yet easy to prove what has been gained”; Dr. Hoff, the Health Officer, assured me that regulation sentiment had entirely died out among the medical profession. But the best proof is after all the steady encroachment of abolition: Copenhagen would not have imitated Christiania had abolition aggravated conditions there; now Stockholm is about to follow suit: does not this indicate a growing and spreading disbelief in the efficacy of regulation and a growing confidence in the advantages of abolition?
Footnote 669:
E. g., the Boer War, which undoubtedly accounts for the rise in the English army curve 1900–1903. See Figure II, p. 370.
Footnote 670:
In Germany, slot-machines were at one time set up in barracks and on board warships from which for a small coin protective remedies could be procured, but popular objection has forced their removal on the ground that their presence suggested debauch and deceived soldiers and sailors. But the remedies are still easily procurable; of their value, there is grave doubt. See Melville, _loc. cit._, pp. 91–95; von Schjerning, _loc. cit._, pp. 66, 67.
Footnote 671:
The Society was founded by Dr. Blaschko, and publishes the valuable journal which I have freely cited.
Footnote 672:
Translation of the most recent Règlement dated October, 1878.
Footnote 673:
The Cour de Cassation has rendered several decisions (June 30, 1838; July 14, 1838; March 30, 1839) to the effect that the procès-verbaux and reports of the inspectors of police are not in themselves sufficient, in the absence of additional proof, to establish the fact that the infractions have occurred. The same is true of a procès-verbal drawn up by a Commissaire of police, from the report of an inspector of police, unless the former has verified the facts himself.
But these legal decisions do not deprive police officers of the right to ascertain infractions; however, their reports must be confirmed either by the admission of the delinquents that the facts are as stated, or by such methods as the tribunal may consider it proper to order.
Footnote 674:
Translation of the most recent regulations, dated Dec. 7, 1911.
Footnote 675:
Translation of most recent regulations, dated September 1, 1909.
Footnote 676:
Translation of most recent regulations, dated June 1, 1911.
Footnote 677:
_Landes-Gesetz und Regierungs-Blatt_, No. 39.
Footnote 678:
_Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt_, No. 89.
Footnote 679:
_Bezirks-Polizeikommissariaten._
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Page Changed from Changed to
10 because gainfully employed, and because they are gainfully being exempt from employed, and being exempt from
38 Statistiches Jahrbuch (Berlin, Statistisches Jahrbuch (Berlin, 1910) pp. 242–3 1910) pp. 242–3
207 und medizinizch-technischer und medizinisch-technischer Dezernent in der Verwaltung Dezernent in der Verwaltung
277 Obligations et Défences inposées Obligations et Défenses imposées aux filles publiques. aux filles publiques.
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