Practical Graining, with Description of Colors Employed and Tools Used
CHAPTER XVIII.
IMITATIONS OF CARVED WORK, MOULDINGS, ETC., BY GRAINING.
In imitating carved work, mouldings, etc. in graining color, more than ordinary ability is required in order to succeed in deceiving people; and this kind of work should not be attempted unless there is ample time for its proper execution, nor should its use be contemplated for too exposed positions, as if not thoroughly done it is an eyesore to the intelligent beholder, but if done in a recessed doorway or other suitable place, inside or outside, it enhances the value of the work if it agrees with the general style of the architecture or of the surroundings. Mouldings or raised panels are often imitated on front doors where the real article would never be placed by an intelligent carpenter, owing to the shape of the door; hence it would be displaying poor judgment to place the imitation where the real article ought to find no place. It is wonderful how a thorough grainer can transform a plastered wall into one apparently sheathed or wainscoted, and I have seen doors so perfectly imitated that persons would grasp at the knob in attempting to open a door that was grained on a plastered wall. Imitations of carved figures, scrolls and game-birds are favored by some workmen, and are very effective if well done; as a rule such work should be seen in a subdued light to render the deception more complete.
INDEX.
A.
Alcohol, use of, in distemper, 30.
Ammonia, spirits of, for removing old paint, 6.
Angular cutter, 50, 53.
Aniline colors used in graining, 54.
Ash, burl, 20. burl, ground colors for, 8. graining, 17. ground colors for, 7. Hungarian, 19. Hungarian, ground colors for, 7. Western, to match, 18.
Asphaltum for shading color of oak, 16.
B.
Badger blender, 49, 52.
Bamboo brush, use of, in graining rosewood, 37.
Best colors should be used for graining, 7.
Bird's-eye maple, 22. maple in water color, 22.
Black walnut, 31.
Blending groundwork, 12. quartered oak, 13.
Blistered appearance of whitewood, 41.
Bristle graining brush, 51, 53. liners, fresco, 52, 53. mottlers or cutters, 50, 53. stippler, 53.
Brush, bamboo, use of, in graining rosewood, 37. should not be stubby, 11.
Burl ash, 20. ash, ground colors for, 8. ash in oil color, 20.
Burning off paint, 6.
C.
Camel's-hair mottler or cutter, 50, 53.
Castellated or knotted overgrainer, 49, 50, 52.
Champs, to put in, 12.
Champs, shading, 15.
Cheap jobs, 6.
Check roller, 15, 53.
Cherry, 28. ground work for, 8. in oil color, preference for, 28. natural wood, to match, 8.
Chestnut, 21. clean cut divisions in graining, 14. clearly cut joints in graining, 14. graining in water colors, 22. ground colors for, 7. resemblance to ash, 21.
Coats, which to be avoided, 8. thin preferable, 8.
Color for graining, 9. for graining burl ash, 20. of wood, to imitate, 9. preparation of in graining oak, 10. straining before thinning, 7. to mix, 11. usually dark, 10.
Combs, leather, 48, 49. rubber, 12. steel, 48.
Composition roller, graining by, 56.
Copyists of copies, 13.
Covering teeth of graining combs, 12.
Cracking of varnish, 42.
Curly, or rock maple, 25.
Cutter, angular, 50, 53.
Cutters or mottlers 50, 53.
Cypress wood, 38.
D.
Dark oak, 7. ground color for, 7. veins in rosewood, 37. veins in mahogany, 35. veins in quartered oak, 12.
Degenerate copyists of copies, 13.
Distemper, graining ash in, 18. graining oak in, 16.
Divisions should be clean cut in graining, 14.
"Docked" pencil in bird's eye maple, 23.
Driers in graining color, 11.
Dry colors should never be used for grounds, 7.
E.
Edges of panel, how finished, 14.
Experience in varnish cracking, 43.
Eyes and shadows in bird's eye maple, 23. in bird's eye maple, how to accentuate, 24.
F.
Feathered mahogany, 36.
Fine art, graining considered as a, 46. champs in pollard oak, to put in, 28.
Fitch hair overgrainer, 49, 51. or piped overgrainer, 51, 53. tool, use of in graining ash, 17. tool, use of in graining cypress, 39.
Flat brush used in graining in preference to round, 11. fresco bristle liners, 52, 53.
French walnut, burl, 32. walnut burl, graining in distemper, 33, 34. walnut burl, pieces should be small, 34.
French walnut, ground work for, 8.
Fresco bristle liners, 52, 53.
G.
Glue size for distemper binder, 30.
Graduated teeth in graining combs, 12.
Grainers' combs, 11. tools, 48.
Graining ash, 17. ash in distemper, 18. by patent roller, 54. by stencil plates, 55. by transfer paper, 57. can be scoured off, 5. cannot be chipped, 5. chestnut, 21. color, 9. color, to mix, 9. considered as a fine art, 46. cypress, 39. for the trade, 46. light oak in oil, 10. oak, 7, 16. over old paint, 5. over old work, preparation for, 6. will not fade, 5.
Gransorbian transfer graining process, 56.
Grained work, varnishing over, 42.
Ground color, 6. color, Indian red should never be used, for 9. for burl ash, 8. for chestnut, 7. for cypress graining, 39. for satin wood, 8. colors of ash, 7.
Growth of ash, heart, 17. of cherry, 29.
Growth for white wood, 41.
Ground work for cherry, 8. for French walnut, 8. for graining, 5. for mahogany, 8. for oak, 7. for rosewood, 9. for satin wood, 26. for walnut, 8. when old paint is not removed, 9.
H.
Heart grains in bird's eye maple, 24. growth of ash, 17. of oak, 14. work in quartered oak, 14.
Hearts, imitating in black walnut, 32.
Hard pine, 40.
Hard wood varnishes, 43.
High lights in whitewood, 41.
Honduras feathered mahogany, 35.
Hungarian ash, 19. ground colors for, 7.
I.
Imitation of carved work, mouldings, etc., 58.
M.
Mahogany, 35. ground work for, 8.
Maple bird's eye, 22. ground colors for, 7.
Marbler or mottler, the serrated, 50, 53.
Mason pad, 55.
Matching stained oak, 18.
Mitres and joints in graining, 14.
Mixing color, 11. graining color, 9. ground colors, 7.
Modern panels and styles of doors, 58.
Mottler, the waved, 50, 53.
Mottlers or cutters, 50, 53. camel's hair, 50, 53.
O.
Oak, dark, 7. graining, 16. graining, all colors for, 7. graining in distemper, 16. groundwork for, 7. heart of, 14. light, 7. light in oil, to grain, 10. pollard, 27. quartered, 13. slashed, 14. to grain, 10.
Objection to roller process of graining, 55.
Old paint, graining over, 5.
Old varnish, to remove, 6.
Overgrainer, castellated or knotted, 49, 50, 52. for satinwood, 26.
Overgraining oak, 15.
Overgrainer, plain, 51, 53. plain bristle, 49, 50, 52. piped bristle, 49, 51.
P.
Paint, to remove, 6.
Panel edges, how finished, 14.
Panels and styles of doors, 58.
Panels in satinwood, 26.
Plain bristle overgrainer, 49, 52. overgrainer, 50, 53.
Patent roller process of graining, 54.
Preparing old work for graining, 6.
Piped bristle overgrainer, 49, 51. bristle overgrainer, use of, in graining black walnut, 31.
Piped overgrainer, 53. overgrainer, use of, 30.
Pollard oak, 27.
Priming coats, 8. partly in distemper and oil, 27.
Proportions of colors in graining color, 10.
R.
Removing old paint, 6. old varnish, 6.
Rock or curly maple, 25.
Roller, the check, 53.
Root of ash, 20.
Rosewood, 37. groundwork for, 9. in water color, 37.
Round brush not used in graining, 11.
Rubber combs, 12. combs with graduated teeth, 12.
Rubbing in graining, 12. varnish, experiments with, 45.
S.
Sable piped overgrainer, 53.
Sandpapering, 6.
Satin wood, 26.
Second coat work, 6.
Serrated mottler or marbler, 51, 53.
Shadows around knarled places, 15.
Shades in burl ash, 20.
Shading champs, 15. color of oak, 16.
Silver maple, 25.
Slashed oak, 14.
Smooth surface for graining, 6.
Solution for touching quartered oak work, 13.
Solution to remove varnish or paint, 6.
Spar composition, etc., 43.
Spirits of ammonia for removing old paint, 6.
Stained cherry, to match, 8. oak, to match, 10. white oak in preference to graining, 5. wood, ground colors for, 8.
Steel combs, 11. combs, (Illustrated) 48. comb, use of, in quartered oak, 14.
Stencil plates, graining by, 55.
Stippling for graining in mahogany, 36. for Hungarian ash, 19. in distemper for black walnut, 31. Straining colors before thinning, 7.
Stubby brush should not be used, 11.
Substitutes for thumb nail in graining, 12.
T.
The angular cutter, 50, 53. check roller, 53. fitch or sable piped overgrainer, 51, 53. graining color, 9. mason pad, 55. patent graining machines, 54. serrated mottler or marbler, 51, 53. stubborn bristle, 51, 53. waved mottler, 50, 53.
Thick coats should be avoided, 8.
Thinning graining color, 11.
Tools for putting bird's eyes in maple, 24. for use in graining cherry, 29. used by grainers, 48.
Tools, use in graining mahogany, 36. use in graining rosewood, 38.
Touching quartered oak with solution, 13.
Transfer graining, 56. paper, graining by, 57.
Thumb nail, substitutes for, in graining, 12.
V.
Varnish for exposed work, 42. in graining, 5.
Varnishing over grained work, 42.
Veins, dark, in quartered oak, 13. in oak, 16.
Vinegar, use in removing old paint, 6.
W.
Walnut, black, 31. French, burl, 32. French, groundwork for, 8. groundwork for, 8.
Water colors, use of, in graining black walnut, 31.
Waved mottler, the, 50, 53.
Western ash, matching, 18.
White wood, 40. wood, blistered appearance, 41.
Woods, color of, to imitate, 9.
INDEX TO COLORED PLATES.
A.
Ash, burl, in water color, 16. dark, penciled and combed, 17. Hungarian, ground for, 1. Hungarian, wiped out, 18. light, ground for, 13. light, heart of, wiped out and shaded, 13. light, wiped out, 12.
B.
Bird's eye maple overgrained, 19. ready for the eyes, 21. with the eyes, 22.
Black or French walnut, ground for, 2. walnut penciled, 36.
Burl ash in water color, 16. walnut, French, 39.
C.
Cherry mottled in oil, 30. mottled and penciled in oil, 31. mottled and penciled in oil as finished, 33. stained, ground for, 2. wiped out and penciled in oil, 34.
Chestnut, 20. ground for, 2.
Curly maple overgrained, 27. mottled to overgrain, 26.
Curly walnut, 38.
Cypress in oil, 45.
D.
Dark ash penciled and combed, 17. heart of ash penciled, 14. or pollard oak, ground for, 2.
F.
Feathered mahogany, 42.
Finished cherry, mottled and penciled, 33. rosewood, 44.
Flaked oak, light, 4. oak light, shaded, 8, 10. oak light, ground for, 3. or quartered dark oak, shaded, 11.
French walnut burl, 39.
G.
Grounds for graining, 1, 2.
H.
Hard pine, 46.
Heart growth oak, light, 6. growth oak penciled, 7. of ash, dark, penciled, 14. of oak checked and shaded, 9. of light ash wiped out, 12. wiped out and shaded, 13.
Hungarian ash, ground for, 1. wiped out, 18. wiped out and penciled, 15.
L.
Light ash, ground for, 1. ash heart of, wiped out, 12. ash heart of, wiped out and shaded, 13. flaked oak, 5. grained or wainscoted oak, 4. heart growth oak, 6. oak, ground for, 11. shaded flaked oak, 8, 10.
M.
Mahogany, feathered, 42. ground for, 2. mottled, 41. straight, 40.
Maple, bird's-eye, mottled ready for the eyes, 21. bird's-eye, overgrained, 19. bird's-eye, with the eyes, 22.
Mottled and penciled cherry in oil, 31, 32. and penciled cherry in oil as finished, 33. bird's-eye maple ready for the eyes, 21.
Mottled cherry, 30. curly maple to overgrain, 26. mahogany, 41.
Mouldings, imitation of satinwood, 24.
O.
Oak, dark or pollard, ground for, 2. flaked or quartered, 11. heart growth, pencilled, 7. heart of, checked and shaded, 9. light, flaked, 4, 5. light, flaked, shaded, 10. light, ground for, 1. light, heart growth, 6. flaked, light, shaded, 8.
Overgrained and mottled satinwood, 25. bird's-eye maple, 19. curly maple, 27.
P.
Penciled and combed dark ash, 17. and wiped out Hungarian ash, 15. and wiped out walnut, 37. black walnut, 36. dark heart of ash, 14.
Penciled heart growth, 7.
Pine, hard, 46.
Plain or wainscoted oak, light, 3.
Pollard oak, 28, 29. oak, ground for, 2.
Q.
Quartered dark oak shaded, 11.
R.
Rosewood as finished, 44.
Rosewood as outlined to overgrain, 43. ground for, 2.
S.
Satinwood, mottled, 24. mottled and overgrained, 25.
Stained cherry, ground for, 2.
Stippled walnut, 35.
Straight mahogany, 41.
W.
Wainscoted or plain oak, light, 3.
Walnut, black or French, ground for, 2. curly, 38. French, burl, 39. stippled, 35. wiped out and pencilled, 37.
Water colors, burl ash in, 16.
White wood in oil, 47.
Wiped out and pencilled Hungarian ash, 15. out and pencilled walnut, 37. out and shaded heart of light ash, 13. out cherry pencilled in oil, 34. out heart of light ash, 12. out Hungarian ash, 18.
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Painting and Decorating
Is a Monthly Magazine
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Practical articles of interest to painters by some of the best writers in the country are a constant feature, and the minor departments are replete with information written for the express purpose of not only interesting the practical man and of teaching the beginner, but proving of use and interest to all in the fraternity.
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Transcriber's note:
Illustrations were moved to paragraph breaks.
Minor corrections were made in punctuation.
The following changes were made:
Page 20: Changed represently to representing. Orig: for use in represently the minute clusters of knots.
Page 22: Changed overgainer to overgrainer. Orig: fitch tool, and use the overgainer
Page 34: Changed stipping to stippling. Orig: the stipping may be done in distemper on the ground-work
Index page iii: Changed Cyress wood to Cypress wood.
Index pages x and xiii: Changed Curley walnut to Curly walnut.
Index page xi: Changed Mapel to Maple.
Corrected numbers on List of Colored Illustrations: Switched 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 40 and 41, 42 and 43. Corrected these and other numbers in Index and Index to Colored Plates to reference the correct pages and plates, as far as could be determined.
All other inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from the original publication.