Part 51
Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 grams. Cream 25 + 25 + 25 = 75 × 0.44 = 0.330 Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000 Roll 70 × 1.72 = 1.204 Butter 9 + 3 + 15 = 27 × 0.15 = 0.041 Potato 100 × 0.30 = 0.300 Lima beans 50 × 0.76 = 0.380 Fried hominy 69 × 0.57 = 0.393 Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023 Consommé 150 × 0.59 = 0.885 String beans 56 × 0.36 = 0.202 Potato 200 × 0.34 = 0.680 Bread 28 × 1.97 = 0.552 Rice croquettes 65 × 1.06 = 0.689 Beer 450 × 0.069 = 0.311 ------ Total nitrogen in food 6.260 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.640
Fuel value of the food 1748 calories.
_Saturday, May 21, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 73 grams, bread 63 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 28 grams.
Lunch.—Potato 150 grams, tomato 145 grams, fried Indian-meal 81 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 25 grams, water ice 165 grams.
Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, bread 29 grams, butter 16 grams, bacon 15 grams, fried potato 150 grams, cake 36 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 45 grams.
Evening.—Beer 600 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 73 × 0.23 = 0.168 grams. Sugar 28 + 21 + 14 = 63 × 0.00 = 0.000 Cream 50 + 25 + 45 = 120 × 0.43 = 0.516 Bread 63 × 1.65 = 1.040 Butter 7 + 16 = 23 × 0.15 = 0.035 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Potato 150 × 0.71 = 1.065 Tomato 145 × 0.17 = 0.247 Fried Indian-meal 81 × 1.09 = 0.883 Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012 Water ice 165 × 0.012 = 0.020 Bean soup 150 × 1.21 = 1.815 Bread 29 × 1.62 = 0.470 Bacon 15 × 3.05 = 0.458 Fried potato 150 × 0.60 = 0.900 Cake 36 × 0.86 = 0.310 Beer 600 × 0.069 = 0.414 ------ Total nitrogen in food 8.623 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.460
Fuel value of the food 2393 calories.
_Sunday, May 22, 1904._
Breakfast.—Oatmeal 200 grams, sugar 28 grams, coffee 150 grams, roll 60 grams, butter 6 grams.
Lunch.—Fried rice 140 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 100 grams, macaroni 155 grams, boiled onions 80 grams, butter 5 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 25 grams, sugar 14 grams, ice cream 185 grams, cake 34 grams.
Dinner.—Cream of celery soup 150 grams, mashed potato 134 grams, butter 11 grams, spinach 100 grams, strawberry short-cake 185 grams, cream 70 grams, sugar 28 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Roll 60 × 1.67 = 1.002 grams. Oatmeal 200 × 0.43 = 0.860 Sugar 28 + 14 + 28 = 70 × 0.00 = 0.000 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Butter 6 + 5 + 11 = 22 × 0.15 = 0.033 Potato 100 × 0.30 = 0.300 Macaroni 155 × 0.46 = 0.713 Cream 25 + 70 = 95 × 0.45 = 0.428 Onions 80 × 0.25 = 0.200 Fried rice 140 × 0.75 = 1.050 Ice cream 185 × 0.53 = 0.981 Cake 34 × 1.20 = 0.408 Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012 Cream of celery soup 150 × 0.33 = 0.495 Mashed potato 134 × 0.37 = 0.496 Short-cake 185 × 0.50 = 0.925 Spinach 100 × 0.55 = 0.550 ------ Total nitrogen in food 8.723 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 7.960
Fuel value of the food 2812 calories.
_Monday, May 23, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 115 grams, wheat griddle cakes 87 grams, syrup 48 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 28 grams, cream 50 grams.
Lunch.—Fried potato 100 grams, rice croquette 115 grams, syrup 48 grams, apple sauce 125 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Macaroni 270 grams, potato croquette 134 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, water ice 154 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 115 × 0.23 = 0.265 grams. Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Sugar 28 + 14 + 14 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000 Cream 50 × 0.45 = 0.225 Griddle cakes 87 × 0.91 = 0.792 Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023 Butter 7 × 0.15 = 0.011 Apple sauce 125 × 0.020 = 0.025 Rice croquette 115 × 0.61 = 0.702 Fried potato 100 × 0.60 = 0.600 Macaroni 270 × 0.87 = 2.349 Potato croquette 134 × 0.77 = 1.032 Water ice 154 × 0.006 = 0.009 ------ Total nitrogen in food 6.303 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 7.490
Fuel value of the food 2224 calories.
_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._
Breakfast.—Fried rice 115 grams, syrup 48 grams, roll 60 grams, butter 14 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Lunch.—Celery soup 150 grams, farina croquette 108 grams, syrup 48 grams, fried potato 200 grams, bread 22 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Fried potato 200 grams, cream pie 167 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 25 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Fried rice 115 × 0.36 = 0.414 grams. Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Roll 60 × 1.64 = 0.984 Butter 14 + 7 = 21 × 0.15 = 0.032 Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000 Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023 Celery soup 150 × 0.48 = 0.720 Farina croquette 108 × 0.74 = 0.799 Fried potato 200 × 0.26 = 0.520 Bread 22 × 1.66 = 0.365 Fried potato 200 × 0.46 = 0.920 Cream pie 167 × 0.93 = 1.553 Cream 25 × 0.45 = 0.113 ------ Total nitrogen in food 6.713 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 6.600
Fuel value of the food 2324 calories.
NITROGEN BALANCE.—_W. L. Anderson._
Nitrogen Output. Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).
May 18 13.855 grams. 10.03 grams. 42.3 grams. 19 10.960 10.15 20 6.260 8.64 17.5 21 8.623 8.46 22 8.723 7.96 42.7 23 6.303 7.49 41.0 24 6.713 6.60 29.2 ------ ------ ------ 172.7 grams contain 6.30% N. 61.437 59.33 + 10.880 grams nitrogen. ------ ---------------------- 61.437 grams nitrogen. 70.210 grams nitrogen.
Nitrogen balance for seven days = -8.773 grams. Nitrogen balance per day = -1.253 grams.
Average Intake.
Calories per day 2494. Nitrogen per day 8.777 grams.
Here, we find a minus balance of 8.773 grams of nitrogen for the seven days’ period. The total intake of nitrogen amounted to 61.437 grams, while there were excreted through the urine 59.33 grams, and through the fæces 10.880 grams of nitrogen, making a total output of 70.210 grams as contrasted with an intake of 61.437 grams of nitrogen. This loss of body material is to be attributed to the small fuel value of the food,—only 2494 calories as the day’s average,—though perhaps in part to the relatively small intake of nitrogen. In this connection it is to be noted that the average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen for the seven days’ period amounted to only 8.777 grams, while the average daily excretion for the last two months of the experiment was as high as 10.07 grams. Undoubtedly, the subject did not eat as much food during the week of this balance trial as was needed to maintain equilibrium, under the conditions of bodily activity then prevailing.
* * * * *
The same statement applies to Mr. Bellis, whose balance trial likewise shows a deficiency of ingested nitrogen over the nitrogen output. Here, however, the deficiency is more manifestly due to the small fuel value of the daily food, which averaged only 2174 calories. Bellis showed an average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen amounting to 8.45 grams for the last six weeks of the experiment, while in the balance period the excretion of metabolized nitrogen was 8.19 grams per day. The daily intake of nitrogen in the food, however, averaged only 7.76 grams, obviously too small a quantity to meet the wants of the body, especially with the low fuel value of the food. It is quite plain that during the week of this balance trial, the amount of food consumed was not equal to the necessities of the body, neither was it equal in nitrogen or fuel value to what the subject had been taking during the last few months of the experiment, and on which he had practically maintained body-weight for at least the last month of the experiment. It is further noticeable that during the balance week the body-weight dropped off somewhat.
Owing to the absence of Dr. Callahan from New Haven during this period, no attempt was made to determine experimentally whether he was in nitrogen equilibrium or not.
The following tables give the data in the experiment with Bellis:—
BELLIS.
_Wednesday, May 18, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 94 grams, wheat roll 53 grams, butter 11 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 75 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Soup 150 grams, farina croquette 100 grams, syrup 50 grams, string beans 75 grams, fried sweet potato 117 grams, bread 36 grams, butter 7 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Hamburg steak 53 grams, potato 250 grams, spinach 100 grams, bread 55 grams, butter 10 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 75 grams, sugar 21 grams, apple pie 142 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 94 × 0.23 = 0.216 grams. Cream 75 + 75 = 150 × 0.46 = 0.690 Sugar 21 + 14 + 21 = 56 × 0.00 = 0.000 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Roll (wheat) 53 × 1.66 = 0.880 Butter 11 + 7 + 10 = 28 × 0.15 = 0.042 Soup 150 × 0.41 = 0.615 Farina croquette 100 × 1.09 = 1.090 Fried sweet potato 117 × 0.32 = 0.374 String beans 75 × 0.34 = 0.255 Syrup 50 × 0.024 = 0.012 Bread 36 × 1.60 = 0.576 Hamburg steak 53 × 3.64 = 1.929 Potato 250 × 0.38 = 0.950 Spinach 100 × 0.53 = 0.530 Bread 55 × 1.80 = 0.990 Apple pie 142 × 0.43 = 0.611 ------ Total nitrogen in food 10.030 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.350
Fuel value of the food 2686 calories.
_Thursday, May 19, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 155 grams, roll 53 grams, butter 10 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 28 grams, cream 70 grams.
Lunch.—Fried hominy 60 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 100 grams, boiled onion 82 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 35 grams, sugar 21 grams, bread pudding 134 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, macaroni 75 grams, mashed potato 54 grams, spinach 70 grams, boiled Indian-meal 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 80 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Roll 53 × 1.54 = 0.816 grams. Banana 155 × 0.23 = 0.357 Butter 10 × 0.15 = 0.015 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Sugar 28 + 21 + 21 = 70 × 0.00 = 0.000 Cream 70 + 35 + 80 = 185 × 0.47 = 0.870 Potato 100 × 0.49 = 0.490 Fried hominy 60 × 0.67 = 0.402 Boiled onion 82 × 0.27 = 0.221 Bread pudding 134 × 0.28 = 0.375 Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012 Tomato soup 200 × 0.53 = 1.060 Macaroni 75 × 0.93 = 0.698 Mashed potato 54 × 0.38 = 0.205 Spinach 70 × 0.56 = 0.392 Boiled Indian-meal 100 × 0.20 = 0.200 ------ Total nitrogen in food 6.383 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 9.600
Fuel value of the food 2075 calories.
_Friday, May 20, 1904._
Breakfast.—Orange 150 grams, roll 57 grams, butter 17 grams, coffee 159 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Lunch.—Fried farina 74 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 250 grams, lima beans 50 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Rice croquette 92 grams, syrup 48 grams, string beans 93 grams, mashed potato 352 grams, bread 40 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Evening.—Beer 450 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Orange 150 × 0.20 = 0.300 grams. Roll 57 × 1.72 = 0.980 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000 Butter 17 + 8 = 25 × 0.15 = 0.038 Potato 250 × 0.30 = 0.750 Lima beans 50 × 0.76 = 0.380 Fried farina 74 × 0.57 = 0.422 Syrup 48 + 48 = 96 × 0.024 = 0.023 String beans 93 × 0.36 = 0.335 Bread 40 × 1.97 = 0.788 Mashed potato 352 × 0.34 = 1.197 Rice croquette 92 × 1.06 = 0.975 Beer 450 × 0.069 = 0.311 ------ Total nitrogen in food 6.769 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 10.670
Fuel value of the food 1980 calories.
_Saturday, May 21, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 69 grams, baked potato 57 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Lunch.—Fried Indian-meal 80 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato croquette 152 grams, tomato 147 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, water ice 163 grams.
Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, bacon 13 grams, fried egg 50 grams, fried potato 206 grams, lettuce salad 45 grams, bread 38 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Evening.—Beer 600 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 69 × 0.23 = 0.159 grams. Bread 59 × 1.65 = 0.974 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Sugar 14 + 14 + 14 = 42 × 0.00 = 0.000 Baked potato 57 × 0.40 = 0.228 Butter 8 + 8 = 16 × 0.15 = 0.024 Potato croquette 152 × 0.71 = 1.079 Tomato 147 × 0.17 = 0.250 Fried Indian-meal 80 × 1.09 = 0.872 Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012 Water ice 163 × 0.012 = 0.020 Bread 38 × 1.62 = 0.616 Bacon 13 × 3.05 = 0.397 Fried egg 50 × 2.27 = 1.135 Bean soup 150 × 1.21 = 1.815 Lettuce salad 45 × 0.21 = 0.095 Fried potato 206 × 0.60 = 1.236 Beer 600 × 0.069 = 0.414 ------ Total nitrogen in food 9.596 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.460
Fuel value of the food 2071 calories.
_Sunday, May 22, 1904._
Breakfast.—Orange 100 grams, oatmeal 100 grams, roll 50 grams, butter 8 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 40 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Macaroni 112 grams, potato 200 grams, onions 143 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 7 grams, ice cream 170 grams, cake 31 grams.
Dinner.—Cream of celery soup 150 grams, mashed potato 182 grams, spinach 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 7 grams, strawberry short-cake 97 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Orange 100 × 0.20 = 0.200 grams. Roll 50 × 1.67 = 0.835 Butter 8 × 0.15 = 0.012 Oatmeal 100 × 0.43 = 0.430 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Sugar 21 + 7 + 7 = 35 × 0.00 = 0.000 Cream 40 × 0.45 = 0.180 Macaroni 112 × 0.46 = 0.515 Potato 200 × 0.30 = 0.600 Onions 143 × 0.25 = 0.358 Ice cream 170 × 0.53 = 0.901 Cake 31 × 1.20 = 0.372 Cream of Celery soup 150 × 0.33 = 0.495 Mashed potato 182 × 0.37 = 0.673 Spinach 100 × 0.55 = 0.550 Strawberry short-cake 97 × 0.50 = 0.485 ------ Total nitrogen in food 6.876 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 7.710
Fuel value of the food 1929 calories.
_Monday, May 23, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 219 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 80 grams, sugar 28 grams.
Lunch.—Rice croquette 143 grams, syrup 45 grams, potato 200 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 7 grams, apple sauce 250 grams.
Dinner.—Vegetable soup 150 grams, bacon 37 grams, string beans 100 grams, potato 101 grams, macaroni 86 grams, coffee 150 grams, water ice 184 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 219 × 0.23 = 0.504 grams. Cream 80 × 0.45 = 0.360 Sugar 28 + 7 = 35 × 0.00 = 0.000 Coffee 150 + 150 + 150 = 450 × 0.06 = 0.270 Apple sauce 250 × 0.02 = 0.050 Rice croquette 143 × 0.61 = 0.872 Syrup 45 × 0.024 = 0.011 Potato 200 × 0.60 = 1.200 Macaroni 86 × 0.87 = 0.748 Vegetable soup 150 × 0.70 = 1.050 Bacon 37 × 3.28 = 1.214 String beans 100 × 0.22 = 0.220 Potato croquette 101 × 0.77 = 0.778 Water ice 184 × 0.006 = 0.011 ------ Total nitrogen in food 7.288 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 5.980
Fuel value of the food 2226 calories.
_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._
Breakfast.—Orange 100 grams, baked potato 138 grams, butter 5 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Lunch.—Celery soup 150 grams, farina croquette 91 grams, syrup 48 grams, boiled onions 110 grams, potato 200 grams, stewed prunes 113 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato soup 150 grams, farina croquette 107 grams, syrup 48 grams, potato 200 grams, spinach 180 grams, cream pie 140 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.