Part 19
Malaria, 129 Æstivo-autumnal, 135, 138, 139 Africa, Children of natives infected with, 152, 162 Amœbula, 136 carried by gnats, 159 Cause of, 134 Death of James I. from, 133 Oliver Cromwell from, 133 Death-rate, Average, of white troops in Sierra Leone from, 130 Average, of coloured troops in Sierra Leone from, 130 Average, in Italy from, 130 of the British Army in India from, 130 Discovery of Protozoa organism in, 134 Distribution of, in America, 132 in Australia, 132 in Europe, 131, 132, 133, 134 Endemic foci of the disease, 131 Gametocytes, 136 _Hæmamœba_, 135, 138, 140 _vivax_, 135, 138 _Hæmomenas_, 140 _præcox_, 135, 139 in England, 133 in Fen Districts, 133 in the British Army in India, 129 Ireland free from, 134 Loss of the European population of India from, 129 Malarial pigment or melanin, 136 Mosquito origin of, 141 Quartan, 135, 138 Quinine, Use of, in, 139, 150 ‘Quotidian intermittent fever,’ 138 Sporocytes, 136 Tertian, 135, 138
Malarial parasite, Destruction of, by quinine, 162 Life-history of the, 145 Major Ross’s work on the, 125 Natives in Africa permeated with the, 152
‘Mal de caderas,’ caused by _T. equinum_, 168
Malm, Professor, of Göteborg, Fertilization of the eggs of the flounder, 46
Manaar, Gulf of, 8, 10, 13
Mangareva, 14
Manson, Sir Patrick, Researches on _Filaria_, 141 T. P., Experiment on, to prove that an infected mosquito can convey malaria, 150, 151
Marco Polo, 9
_Margaritifera vulgaris_, 8
Marichikaddi, 14
Marsigli, Count, 17, 18
Matopo, 82, 84, 86, 95
Maury, 19
Maxwell, 187
Mediterranean Sea, Temperature of the, 27
Mexico, Striped horses of, 83
_Micrococcus bombycis_, 116 _ovatus_, Examination of the moth for traces of, 115
Millais, Sir Everett, Telegony not proved, 81
Mitscherlich, Observations on the optical properties of tartaric acid, 105
Möbius on pearl formation, 4
Mollusca, Fossil, 2
Monaco, Prince of, 20
_Monocaulus imperator_, Size of, 39
_Monorhaphis_, 39
Moore, Thomas, 1
Morley, John. _See_ Carnegie, A.
Morton, Lord, Letter to Dr. W. H. Wollaston, 75 Lord Morton’s Mare, 75, 80
Mosely Educational Commission, 183
Mosquitoes, _Anopheles_. _See_ under _Anopheles_ Blasts, 144 _Boöphilus bovis_, 146 _Culex_, 147 _fatigans_, 158 _pipiens_, 146, 147 Culicidæ, 147 ‘Day-mosquito,’ 163 Derivation of the word ‘mosquito,’ 147 Destruction of, 152, 153, 154 by paraffin, 162 Fish used in the, 153 Kerosene oil used in the, 153 at Sassari, 154 Growth of the zygote in, 144 Lesions in the bodies of, 160 Meres, 144 Mosquito-nets, Importance of, 141 Origin of malaria in, 141 Process of ‘biting’ by, 160 Production of the zygote in, 144 Proof of mosquito theory, 151 Suffering of, 150
Mother-of-pearl, Formation of, 1, 2
Mulatto mated with Benazrek, 85 Loch Corrie, 85 Matopo, 84
Mulgrave, Lord, 18
Murray, Sir John, 20, 30, 32, 67
_Musca domestica_, or house-fly, described and named by Linnæus, 174, 175
Muscidæ, 167
_Mycoderma aceti_, 112
Myers, Dr. _See_ Rivers, Dr.
_Mytilus_, 5 _edulis_, 5, 7 _galloprovincialis_, 8
Nacreous layer, 2
‘Nagana’ disease caused by _Trypanosoma brucei_, 168
Nathusius, 88 Telegony not proved, 81
Needham, 112
_Nematocarcinus_, Walking-legs of, 37
_Nematodum sp._ ? 181
Newall Telescope, 209
Newsholme, Dr., 179
Newstead on _Glossina tachinoides_, 178
Newton, 88, 187
Noè and Grassi, Mode of infection for the _Filaria immitis_, 180
Nora, 86
Nordenskiöld, 26
Norwegian Ponies, 83 Whaling Companies, Establishment of, in the Shetlands, 43
_Œdemia nigra_, 5
Osborne, Joseph, 92
Ouseley, Sir Gore, 76
Oysters, Artificial rearing of, 13 Sale of, 11
Paars, 8
Packard, A. S., Metamorphosis of the house-fly, 176 Reinvestigations on the house-fly, 174
Paestum, Malarious district, 151
Paget, Sir George, 188
_Panoplites_, 180
Parasite, Malarial, Major Ross’s work on the, 125
Paris, École Normale, 104, 110, 117 Lycée Saint-Louis, 103, 104
Parker, Lieutenant, 22
Pasteur, Claude, 101 Claude-Étienne, 102 Denis, 101 Jean-Henri, 102 Jean-Joseph, 102 Character of, 103 Marriage to Jeanne-Étiennette Roqui, 103 Jeanne-Étiennette, Character of, 103 Louis, 101 Administrative work, 117 Appointed Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Science at Lille, 109 Professor of Chemistry at Strasbourg, 106 Scientific Director at the École Normale, 110 Awarded the ribbon of the Legion of Honour, 107 the Rumford Medal by the Royal Society, 107 Death, September 28, 1895, 126 Discovery of the attenuated virus, 122 Education at the École Normale, Paris, 104 at the Lycée Saint-Louis, Paris, 103, 104 at the Royal College of Franche-Comté at Besançon, 104 under Dumas and Balard, 104 Elected a foreign member of the Royal Society, 117 Member of the Academy of Sciences, 112 ‘Études sur la Bière,’ 119 Fermentation, Work on, 108, 119 Investigations into cholera, 117 into the cause and prevention of contagious disease, 120 into the manufacture of vinegar, 112 Life of, by M. Vallery-Radot, 126, 127, 128 Marriage with Marie Laurent, 107 Nominated a Senator, 118 Originator of methods for the production of immunity, 122 Pasteur Institute, Opening of the, 126 Pedigree, 101, 102, 103 Promoting the publication of Lavoisier’s works, 117 Receives a pension of 12,000 francs a year, 126 increased to 25,000 francs a year, 126 the degree of Bachelier ès Lettres, 104 Researches, Chemical, 105, 106, 107 Strokes of paralysis, 126 Studies on the behaviour and life-history of _Bacillus anthracis_, 121 Succession to Lìttré’s _fauteuil_ at the Academy, 126 Teacher of physics at the Lyceé of Tournon, 104 Work on rabies, 123
Pearl Fisheries, Bavarian, 5 Bohemian, 5 British, 5 Ceylon, 4, 8, 9 Chief causes of the failure of the, 12 Failure of oysters, 9 Report on the, 12 Cingalese records of, 8 Dutch, 9 English, 9 Recent, 14 Saxony, 5 Scotch, 5 Syndicate, 15 Trade in the hands of the Arabs and Persians, 8, 9 Welsh, 5 Fishery, Mode of, 10 oyster, Filaria in, 4 oyster-beds of the Red Sea, 14
Pearls, Finest, 10 Formation of, 3 by larval cestodes, 13 by tapeworms, 13 in mussels, 7 Origin of, 1 of Oriental, 13 Sale of, 11
Pébrine disease, 115, 116, 117, 149
_Pectis_, Stalks and tentacles of the, 33
_Pelagothuria ludwigi_, 33
Penycuik, Experiments on telegony at, 79, 84
Periostracum, 2
Periya paar, 12
Peruvian bark, Use of, 139
‘Phæodaria’ existing in radiolarians, 34
Philippine Islands, 16
Piana, House-fly harbours a larval nematode, _Dispharagus nasutus_ (Rud.), 181
Pigeons, Breeding experiments with, 89
‘Pintadin,’ 8
_Piroplasma_, 170 conveyed by _Hæmophysalis leachi_, 171 Malignant jaundice or bilious fever in dogs caused by a, 171
Piroplasmosis spoken of as Texas fever, tick fever, blackwater, redwater, etc., when present in cattle, 170
Piroplasmosis, Heartwater in sheep a form of, 171 Under the name of Rocky Mountain fever, spotted or tick fever, the disease attacks man, 171
Plankton Expedition, 27
Pliny, 1 on British pearls, 5 on Ceylon pearls, 8
Plunkett, Sir Horace, 67
Polarization, 106
Poole, Colonel, Stripes of Kathiawar horses, 83
Port Swettenham, Malaria reduced at, 162
Prepotency, Importance of, in breeding, 91 Obtained by inbreeding, 91 Sport often prepotent, 95
Prismatic layer, 2
Protozoa, Discovery of, in Malaria, 134
Puehler, 17
Pullen, Captain, 21
Pycnogonids, Legs of the, 37
Quagga, Domestication of the, 75, 82
Quinine, Introduction of, into Europe, 139 Use of, in Malaria, 139, 150, 162
Rabbits, Breeding experiments with, 87
Rabies, 123, 124, 125 Attenuated virus of, 123, 124 First inoculation against, 124
Racehorses, Breeding of, 93 Byerly Turk, 93 Darley Arabian, 93 Deterioration in the staying power of, 93 Godolphin Arabian, 93
Radiolarians, 31 ‘Phæodaria’ existing in, 34 Skeletons of, 40
Rayleigh, Lord, 187 Gift of the Nobel Prize, 191
Recapitulation theory, 74
Red clay, 31
Redia larva, 111
Redi, Francesco, 111
Redwater fever, 170, 172
Reinke, 66
Remus, 96
_Rhabdopleura_, 41
_Rhinoptera javanica_, 13, 14
_Rhipicephalus annulatus_ conveys Redwater fever, 172 _appendiculatus_ conveys Rhodesian fever, 172 _shipleyi_ conveys Rhodesian fever, 172
Rikitea, 14
Rivers, Dr., and Myers, Dr., Formation of a school for psychophysics, 209
Romanes, on ‘Physiological selection,’ 91 on ‘Regression towards mediocrity,’ 91 on the Swamping effect of inter-crossing, 91 Suggested explanations of telegony, 79
Romulus, 96 Production of, 85
Ross, Sir James, 18 Sir John, 18, 19 Major R., on _Hæmamœba (Proteosoma), relicta_ worked out by, 146 on Number of deaths due to ‘fever’ in India, 129 Researches, 142, 143 Work on the malarial parasite, 125, 141
_Sagitta_, 25, 32
Sambon, Dr. _See_ Low, Dr.
Sandilands, Dr., Investigations on epidemic diarrhœa, 179
Sargasso Sea, Temperature of the, 27
Sars, Professor G. O., Fertilization of the floating ova of the cod, 46 Fertilization of the floating ova of the mackerel, 46 Michael, 19
Sassari, Extermination of mosquitoes by the use of petroleum, 154
Schwann, 109
Scoter, 6
Sea, Atlantic current, Temperature of the, 44 Colour of the, 18 Deep, Explorations, A. Agassiz’s voyage in the _Blake_, 20 _Albatross’s_ voyage, 20 Bache’s, 19 Bailey’s, 19 Captain Wilkes and Dana’s Expedition, 19 De Pourtalès, 19 Discovery of extinct species, 22 Dr. W. B. Carpenter’s and G. Jeffrey’s voyage in the _Porcupine_, 20 Expedition in the _Discovery_, 21 in the _Drache_, 20 in the _Gauss_, 21 in the _Gazelle_, 20 in the _Travailleur_, 20 in the _Talisman_, 20 in the _Valdivia_, 20 in the _Washington_, 20 Lord Mulgrave’s Expedition to the Arctic Sea, 18 Lovén’s, 19 Maury’s, 19 Michael and G. O. Sars’s, 19 Prince of Monaco’s expedition in the _Hirondelle_ and _Princess Alice_, 20 Plankton Expedition, 20 ‘Pola’ Expedition, 20 Professor E. Forbes’s voyage in the _Beacon_, 19 Professor W. Thomson’s and Dr. W. B. Carpenter’s voyage in the _Lightning_, 19, 20 Russian investigations in the Black Sea, 20 _Siboga_ Expedition, 20 Sir James Ross and Sir Joseph Hooker’s Antarctic Expedition, 18, 19 Sir John Franklin’s expedition with H. Goodsir in the _Erebus_, 19 Sir John Murray’s voyage in the _Challenger_, 20 Sir John Ross’s voyage to Baffin’s Bay, 18, 19 Soundings, History of, 17, 18, 19 Voyage of the _Novara_, 19 Depths of the, 16 Absence of storms in the, 28 Absence of stripes, bands, spots, or shading in animals from the, 36 Absence of sunlight in, 24 Abundance of animal life in the, 32 Air-bladder of animals from the, 38 _Algæ_ living in the, 24, 25 Bones of many abysmal fishes deficient in lime, 39, 40 Cavities of the bodies of animals lined with a black epithelium, 36, 37 _Challenger_ dredgings in the, 29 Colour of creatures from the, 35 Currents in the, 28 Diatoms in the, 25, 26 Distribution of animal life in the, 25 Division into zones by E. Forbes, 23 Effect of the absence of sunlight on the animals in the, 33 Enormous jaws of animals from the, 38 Eyes in the animals from the, 35 Fauna of the Antarctic shown by the _Challenger_ and the _Valdivia_ to be exceptionally rich, 32 Feelers and antennæ of the animals from the, 37 Foraminifera in the, 26 Formation of a skeleton of silex by animals from the, 40 of the, Holothurians in the, 29 Inability of the deep-sea fauna to form a skeleton of calcareous matter, 39, 40 Inhabitants of the, 24 in the Carolines, 23 in the Friendly Islands, 23 Jelly-fish in the, 25 Large size of Polar animals from the, 39 Mudline of Sir J. Murray, 30 Old-world forms from the, 40, 41 Phosphorescence of animals from the, 33 Radiolarians in the, 26 Records of Captain Durham in the South Atlantic, 22 of the _Challenger_ and _Gazelle_, 22 of the _Tuscarora_ East of Japan, 23 Reduction and diminution in size of the respiratory organs in animals from the, 40 Replacement of visual organs by tentacles or feelers by the inhabitants of the, 34 _Sagitta_ in the, 25 Salinity of the, 17 Scenery of the, 31 Spines of animals from the, 39 Sponges in the, 28 Stillness in the, 28, 29 Symmetry of animals in the, 29 Temperature of the, 17, 18, 26, 27 in the Mediterranean Sea made by the _Washington_, 27 in the Sargasso Sea made by the ‘Plankton’ Expedition, 27 near the Sulu Islands, 27 on the westerly side of Sumatra, 27 Transparency of sea-water, 18 Uniformity of physical conditions in the, 26 Fisheries Act, 1868, 47 America, American Commission, 66 Fish-breeding institution, 67 Beam-trawls used in steam-trawlers until 1893, 47 Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, Central Staff, 68 Bounty system, Objections to the, 46 British, Extent of, 43 Statistics of, 42 Value of the industry to the inhabitants, 42 Bye-laws, 69 Carriers, Employment of, 47 Causes of impoverishment, 56 ‘Accumulated stock’ has been fished out, 56, 59 consumption of the plaice’s food by small haddocks, 57 Dab has usurped the position of the plaice on the Dogger Bank, 57 destruction of young fish, 58, 59 limited area for fish in a limited volume of water, 57 Christiania Conference, 1901, 55 Commissions of, 45 Dabs, Increase of, due to their spawning in protected waters, 51, 52 Denmark, Development of the local fishery on the west coast of Denmark, 64 Determination of the age of fish, 61 Diminution of fish recorded by the Trawling Commission of 1885, 50 of fish-supply being caused by the trawl disproved, 51 Distinction between ‘small’ and ‘large’ fish, 58 Dogger Bank, 57, 60 Eggs, Number of, in various fish, 49 English fishing authorities, 45 Experimental Investigations, 56 Experiments with marked fish, 52, 60, 61 with marked plaice, 60 Firth of Forth and St. Andrews Bay, Closure of, 51 Fish-breeding experiments, 69 Fishmongers’ Company, Seizure of small fish, 58 Fleeting, Process of, 48 Free Trade in, 47 Germany, Kiel Commission, 66 Haddock, Diminution of the, 56 Heligoland, Biological Station, 66 Herrings, Scarcity of, doubtful if due to whaling, 43 Spawning-grounds of the, 49 Ice, Introduction of the use of, 47 Increase in the employment of steam vessels, 47 Inquiries, Seventeen, within the last seventy years into, 44 Inspectors attached to the Home Office, 1861, 68 transferred to the Board of Trade, 1886, 68 transferred to the Board of Agriculture, 1903, 68 Intensity in the conduction of fishing, 60 in the conduction of fishing shown by experiment with weighted bottles, 61 International character of problems, 65, 66 Lancashire and Western Sea-Fishery Committee, 69 Local Committees, 68 Marine Biological Association, 70, 71, 72 Marine Biological Association Memoirs, 70 Marine Biological Association, Transplantation experiments of the, 58 Methods of renewing and aerating the water in fish-tanks, 47 Migration of the common eel in the Atlantic, 50 of the Lofoten cod-fishery, 50 North Sea, 45 Area of the, 48, 49 International investigations of the, 60, 71 International measures for the improvement of the, 1902, 55 ‘Liners’ used for catching fish in the, 49 Otter-trawl used since 1893, 47 Parliamentary Committee on the Sea-Fisheries Bill, 1900, 54 Peel, Fish-hatchery, 69 Plaice, Average annual catch of, 54 Demand of, in the fried-fish shops in the East End of London, 62 Diminution of, and lemon-soles due to their spawning only in deep water outside the closed areas, 51 Diminution of soles and plaice recorded by the Select Committee of 1893, 50 Rise in the price of, 54 Small, increase of, transplanted to the Dogger Bank, 57 Plaice, small, Protection of, 64 Port Erin, Marine Station at, 69 Price of fish, 53, 54 Productivity of the sea, 57 Relation of the ova to the trawl, 51 Royal Commission of, 1863, 45, 57 Royal Commission Report, 1866, 45 Salmon Fishery Act of 1861, 68 Sardines more valuable than their adult form, the pilchard, 59 Scottish and Irish Fishery Boards, 67 Select Committee of 1893, 71 ‘Shell-Fisheries,’ 69 Soles, Diminution of, and plaice recorded by the Select Committee of 1893, 50 Statistics, 52, 53, 54, 55 Suggested remedies, 65 Undersized fish, 63 United States, Commission of Fish and Fisheries. _See_ Sea-Fisheries, America, American Commission. Whitebait fetch more in the market than the parent form, 59
Sedgwick, Adam, 187
Seeley, Professor, 189
Settegast, Telegony not proved, 80
Seurat, G., 14
Seychelles, 33
Sharp, D., Diptera, 156
Siam, Mother-of-pearl in ages made by the coast population of, 2
Sierra Leone, Average death-rate of coloured troops from malaria, 130 Average death-rate of white troops from malaria, 130
Silkworms, Cocoons, Value of, 114 Disease, Detection of the corpuscles of Cornalia and Filippi in, 115 ‘Flacherie,’ 116 Parasitic organisms being conveyed from one generation to another by the egg, 115 Pébrine, 115, 116
Sleeping-sickness conveyed by _Glossina palpalis_, 170 Conveyed by the tsetse fly, 169 Due to _Trypanosoma gambiense_, 170 in Busoga, 169 in Buvuma, 169 in Uganda, 169
Somali zebra, Stripes of a, 82, 85
_Somateria mollissima_, 5
Species, Constitution of, 95 Intersterility test, 95 Origin of, Heredity and variation chief factors in the, 74
Spencer, Herbert, Supporter of telegony, 77 Suggested explanations of telegony, 80
Sponges, 28
Spores, Production of, by a pathogenic organism, 116
_Sporocyst_, 7
Squire, Miss, Donation of, to Law School in Cambridge, 188
Stahl, 109
Standfuss’s experiments in hybridizing butterflies, 95
_Stegomyia_, 180 _fasciata_, Cause of the spread of yellow fever, 163 Larva of, 163
Stephens, J. W. W., Children of African natives infected with malaria, 152
Stereo-chemistry, 107
Stomiadæ, Light produced by eye-like lanterns of the, 33, 34
_Stomoxys_, 165
Strasbourg, 106
Strongylus worm, 97
Surgery, Operative, 113
‘Surra’ disease caused by _T. evansii_, 168
Sutherland, 77
Sylph, Invention of the word, 108
Tacitus on British pearls, 5
_Tapes decussatus_, 7
Tartaric acid, Observations on the optical properties of, 105
Tegetmeier, 77 Breeding experiments with pigeons, 89
Telegony, 75 Explanations of, by Herbert Spencer, 80 by infection hypothesis, 78 by M. Charrin, 79 by the pangenesis of Darwin, 80 by the Penycuik experiments, 79 by Professor Hubrecht, 79 by reversion hypothesis, 80, 83, 84 by Romanes, 79 by saturation hypothesis, 78 Opponents of Kühn, 81 Nathusius, 81 Settegast, 81 Sir Everett Millais, 81 Weismann, 81 Supporters of: Agassiz, 77 Captain Hayes, 77 Herbert Spencer, 77 Romanes, 77 Sir Everard Home, 77 Sutherland, 77 Tegetmeier, 77 Weismann’s inheritance of acquired characters in, 83
Terzi, Signor, Experiment against the bites of the mosquito, 151
_Tetrarhynchus unionifactor_, 13
Texas fever, Cause of, 149 Germ of, 115
Theobald, 147
Thompson, D’Arcy, 67
Thomson, Wyville, 20
Thurn, Sir Everard im, 9
Ticks convey piroplasma, 171
Tinnevelly pearl banks, 4
Tournon, Lycée of, 104
_Trypanosoma brucei_ causes the ‘nagana’ disease, 168 _equinum_ causes the ‘mal de caderas’ disease, 168 _equiperdum_ causes the ‘dourine’ disease, 168 _evansii_ causes the ‘surra’ disease, 168 _gambiense_ causes sleeping-sickness, 170, 177 _theileri_ causes ‘gall-sickness,’ 168
Tsetse fly, 97. _See_ also under _Glossina_ and Flies
Tundra, 86
Tyndall, 112
Tyrol, Arsenic-eaters of the, 124
Uganda, Sleeping-sickness in, 169
_Unio_, 2, 4
Universities, New, in England, 183
Valentinus, Basilius, Explanation of fermentation, 108
Vallery-Radot, M., ‘Life of Pasteur,’ 126, 127
Vallisnieri, 112
Variation a factor in the origin of species, 74 ‘Materials for the study of,’ 74
Veeder, Dr., Flies the carriers of the _Bacillus typhosus_, 178
Venn, Dr., Effort to establish a psychophysical laboratory in the University of Cambridge, 208
Venus Genitrix, 5
Vijaya, King, 8
Vinegar, Manufacture of, 112
Virchow, Malarial pigment or melanin, 136
Virus, Attenuated, Discovery of the, 122
Waddell, Major, 84
Wade, Sir Thomas, Chinese library presented to Cambridge University by, 190
Wallich, Dr., 21
Watson, Dr. Malcolm, Reduction of malaria at Port Swettenham, 162
Weismann, Inheritance of acquired characters in telegony, 80
Westwood, _Glossina morsitans_ named by, 164
Wiedemann, First description of the tsetse fly, 164
Wilkes, Captain, 19
Willis, 109
Wilson, Major L. M., 130
Wine, Acetous fermentation of, 113 Bouquet of, 113
Winterbottom, 169
Wollaston, Dr. W. H., 75
Woolsorter’s disease, 177 in man, 120, 177
Wundt opened the first psychophysical laboratory at Leipzig in 1878, 208
Yeast-cell, Nucleus of the, 120 Thirty different species of, 120
Yellow fever. _See_ Fever
Yersin, 125
Zebras, Attempts to cross, with Shetland ponies, 86 Burchell’s, 82 Stripes of, 85 Experiments with, 82 Grévy’s, 82 Mountain, 82 Somali, 82 Stripes of, 85 Striped ancestors of horses, 83 Zebra-hybrids, 96
Zoological Society of London. _See_ London
Zygote, Blasts, 144 Growth of the, 144 Meres, 144 Production of the, 144
Zymase, 120
BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Owing to the comparative absence of bacteria in deep-sea water their bodies undergo little decay.
[2] The illustration shows the difference between the facial marks of the zebra and those of the hybrid. The latter, in this respect, bears much the same relation to the former as a blue-rock pigeon does to a fancy type.
[3] A volume of Redi’s poems, entitled ‘Bacco in Toscano,’ was published in 1804. Longfellow says of him:
‘Even Redi, when he chanted Bacchus in the Tuscan valleys, Never drank the wine he vaunted In his dithyrambic sallies.’
[4] It had been seen before by Virchow and others, who, however, did not recognize its importance.
[5] The _Times_, September 21, 1900, and medical papers.
[6] _Vide_ p. 162.
[7] ‘Inferno,’ xxvi. 26-28.
[8] _Brit. Med. Journ._, No. 2,394, November 17, 1906, p. 1393.
[9] Austen, _Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps_, vol. ii., 1904, pp. 651-667.
[10] _Medical Record_, vol. liv., 1898, pp. 429, 430.
[11] _Journal of Hygiene_, vol. vi., 1906, pp. 77-92.
[12] _Ann. Nat. Hist._, ser. 3, vii., p. 29.
[13] _Atti Soc. Modena_, ser. 3, ii., _Radiconte_, p. 88.
[14] _Atti Mus. Milano_, xxxvi., 1896, p. 239.
[15] Theobald, ‘Second Report on Economic Entomology,’ British Museum (Natural History), London, 1904, p. 125.
[16] The dates given for the triposes are those of the first public examinations held.
[17] Rates, taxes, and tithe _alone_ swallow up £45,000.
[18] Including about £10,000 capitation tax.