Part 18

The other great need is some adequate provision for that priceless national treasure, the University library. Mr. J. W. Clark has himself inaugurated an appeal on its behalf. The list of donors which he is already able to print is headed by His Majesty the King; and a sum of over £18,000 has already been collected. This sum includes a donation of £5,000 from the Goldsmiths’ Company, and £2,700 assigned by Lord Rayleigh from the Nobel prize; to the remainder, resident masters of arts have largely contributed. When it has been shown by their contributions how keenly the residents feel on the subject of the library, it is hoped that some generous measure of help may be forthcoming from hands more able to give it. The library is the mainspring of University activity; and its well-being and good organization are important to all departments alike. Every member of the Senate, and every other person entitled to use the library, have access to the shelves; and no serious student, whether a member of the University or not, is refused.

But, in its restricted area, the library cannot expand further; and the result is congestion and inevitable disorder. The furniture and fitting up of the rooms recently rendered available for the library will cost some £15,000. Towards this expenditure the Financial Board has been able to grant only £5,000, spread over three years. The cost of furnishing a reading and reference-room is estimated at from £800 to £1,000. Further, an increase of the staff is urgently needed. The library grows at the rate of about 11,000 books per annum; and there are considerable arrears of cataloguing to be overtaken. The magnificent gift of Lord Acton’s library, for which the University is indebted to Mr. Carnegie and Mr. John Morley, has involved considerable outlay. The number of volumes presented is about 59,000; the binding, cataloguing, printing of titles, and the provision of bookcases will cost about £8,000, to which the University has contributed £6,900. Gifts such as these are of priceless value to Cambridge; but they entail heavy expenditure. Additional assistants, moreover, are needed to look after them; and every new room added to the library increases the cost of maintenance. Altogether, it is estimated that a sum of £21,200 is required for present use; and that £3,800 a year is required for additions to the staff, the purchase and binding of books, and for the additional expense entailed by the Acton library. This annual income, if capitalized, represents a sum of £126,700.

* * * * *

Modern education is a costly thing; and when, in 1904, the heads of departments in the University made an estimate of the outlay necessary to place their several provinces in a state of efficiency, their deliberate and responsible calculations showed that a sum of £270,000 was required for building and equipment, and an additional annual income of £38,000 for the increase of salaries on the very moderate scale suggested, and for maintenance; in all, say a capital sum of a million and a half. Even this estimate takes no account of the desirability of providing pensions for professors who have reached the age of seventy. As the published list of benefactions shows, Cambridge has reason to be grateful to her recent benefactors. But to raise an endowment comparable to that of £1,400,000 which the Johns Hopkins University received from private munificence seems in this country to be hardly within the bounds of possibility.

Had an appeal such as that issued by Cambridge been made in the United States, there is little doubt that it would have met with a prompt response. There is in Montreal a University, officered largely by Cambridge men, and equipped with a princely magnificence of which Cambridge dares not even dream. Dr. Ewing’s comment is pertinent. ‘It is good,’ said he, ‘to see the colonial daughter sitting down to so lavish a table; but is it well that the _alma mater_ at home should be left looking wistfully at the crumbs?’ Nearer home, Mr. Carnegie has shown what a large-minded liberality can do for the Scottish Universities. A great benefactor who would free the University of Cambridge from a sordid struggle, in which every pound spent on development has to be laboriously begged, would earn an enduring fame in the annals of British education. It has been the earnest desire of the authors of this paper to show that the University is not unworthy of such generosity; that she has displayed great courage and great self-denial in facing modern conditions; and that her reputed wealth is a fiction, while her poverty is a grim fact.

INDEX

Acarines, 171

Acids, butyric, Formation of, 110 glycerine and succinic, Formation of, 110 lactic, Fermentation of, 110 tartaric, 105

_Acrobothrium_, 14

Acton, Lord, Library of, 214

Africa: Native children infected with malaria, 162 Native population permeated with the malarial parasite, 152 West Coast of, Average of two malarial attacks a year amongst British soldiers on the, 131

Agassiz, A., 20, 77

Alcohol, Fermentation of, 110

Alexander’s Bucephalus, 84

Algæ, 24, 25 Absence of, below 200 fathoms, 21

Allman, Professor, 22, 67

_Amblyomma hebræum_ conveys the heartwater disease in sheep, 172, 173

America, Distribution of malaria in, 132 Gifts of the Universities of, 185

_Anodonta_, 4

_Anopheles_, 144, 145 _bifurcatus_, 147 does not fly far by itself, 161 Eggs of, 148 Larvæ of, 148 Life-history of, 148, 149 _maculipennis (claviger)_, 147, 148 Male, 149 _nigerrimus_, 158 _nigripes_, 147 Position of, 159 Pupæ of, 148

Anthrax, 120, 121 produced by _Bacillus anthracis_, 121 _Appendicularia_, 39

Arbois, 103, 106

_Argas persicus_ conveys the chicken disease of Brazil, 173

_Aristoeopsis_, Antennæ of, 37

Arnold, Sir Edwin, 1

Arragonite, 1

Arripo, 4

Arsenic-eaters of the Tyrol, 124

Austen, Map of the geographical distribution of the tsetse fly by, 166 Mortality amongst the horses in the Abyssinian campaign caused by the tsetse fly, 166 On the distribution of the fly, 176

Australia, Distribution of malaria in, 132

Baciocchi, Princess, 118

_Bacillus anthracis_, Behaviour and life-history of, 121 susceptible to variations of temperature, 121 _butyricus_, 110 _typhosus_, 178

Bacilli, Aerobic, 111 Anaerobic, 111

Bache, 19

Bailey, 19

Balard, 104

Barrow Channel, Mussel-beds of 6, 7

Bastianelli, 143

Bateson, W., Materials for the study of variation, 74 Researches on Mendel’s law, 211

_Bathochordæus charon_, named by Chun, 39

_Bathybius_, 21

_Bathynomus_, Eyes of the, 35

_Bathysaurus_, Blackness of the mouth of, 37

Battipaglia, malarious district of, 151, 152

Beelzebub called Lord of Flies, 173

Benazrek mated with Mulatto, 85

Benthos often stalked, 31, 32

Berlin, University of, State endowments of the, 185

Bernard, Claude, 117

Berryman, Lieutenant, 21

Berzelius, 109

Besançon, 102, 106 Royal College of Franche-Comté, 104

Bidder, G. P., Experiments with weighted bottles on the intensity of fishing, 61

Biffen, Mr., Discovery that susceptibility to rust in wheat is Mendelian, 211

Bignami, 143

Billiers, Mussel-beds of, 6

Biot, 106, 107

Blackwater fever, 170

Bos, Ritzema, Experiments of in-breeding with rats, 92

Bouché, Description of the larva of the house-fly, 174

Bouguer, 18

Boutan, 14

Boyle, Robert, 18, 120

Brandt, Professor, 57, 66

British sea-fisheries. _See_ Sea-Fisheries, British

Bronn, 88

Bruce, Colonel D.: Female tsetse fly does not lay eggs, 166

Buache, Philippe, 16

Buchanan, John Y., of the _Challenger_, 21

Buddha, Mother-of-pearl images of, 2

Bulman, 87

Buvma, Sleeping-sickness in, 169

Burchell’s zebras, 82 Stripes of, 82, 85

Busoga, Sleeping-sickness in, 169

Butterflies, Hybridizing, 95

Byerly Turk, 93

Cable, Recovery of the, by Fleeming Jenkin, 22

Cable-laying: Survey by Lieutenant Berryman, of the _Arctic_, 21 by Captain Pullen, of the _Cyclops_, 21 by Dr. Wallich, in the _Bulldog_, 21

Cæsar, Julius, and British pearls, 5 Favourite horse was polydactylous, 84

Caird, Sir J., 45

Cambridge, 183 Agriculture, Department of, conducted on the most practical and progressive lines, 193 Experimental farm, upheld by County Councils of Cambridgeshire and nine neighbouring counties, 193 _Journal of Agricultural Science_, established in 1904, 213 Need of Laboratory for, 213 Professorship of, founded in 1899, 193 Anglo-Saxon, Professorship of, 206 Appeal of authorities of, 184, 204 Archæology, Disney professorship of, founded 1851, 187 Architecture, school of, Desirability of establishing, a, 208 Botanic garden, 193 Botany housed in a separate building in 1904, 192 Cavendish laboratory, opened in 1874, 191, 210 Chemical laboratory, built in 1887, 192 Chemistry, physiological, Chair of, needed, 211 Chinese, Chair of, 190 Chinese library, Proper care of, renders the permanency of the professorship a necessity, 205 Gift of Sir Thomas Wade, 190 Colleges, Analysis of the resources of, 196 Collegiate system, 196 Corporate income of the seventeen, 197 Day training, 195 Fall of agricultural rent on incomes of, 198 Fellows, Average stipend of, 199 Fellowships and stipends of the heads of houses, 197 Fellowships, Number of prize, is small, 199 Expenses of estate management of the, 197 Income of, £300,000 a year, 185 Scholarships, 198 Tuition Fund, 197 Commission of, 1850, 187 Diplomas in forestry, 195 in geography, 195 in mining engineering, 195 Downing Professor of the Laws of England, 188 Economics, school of, Need of lectureships in the, 206, 207 Tripos in, founded, 190 Endowments of the University of, 184 Engineering laboratories opened during the tenure of the professorship by Dr. Ewing in 1894, 191 New wing added in 1899 through the generosity of Mrs. Hopkinson, 192 Ethnology and anthropology, Recognition of, 187 Examinations, Inadequate rooms for, 213 Expenditure for the maintenance of buildings and staffs, 196 in 1904, 201 on buildings devoted to science since 1862, 195 French and German professorships, Need of, 206 Historical Tripos founded in 1875, 189 History, Ancient, Professorship of, founded in 1898, 189 Income, University, 200, 201 of lecturers, 202 of professors, 201 of readers, 202 of teachers, 202 Indian Languages Tripos, founded in 1879, 190 Latin, Professorship of, 189 Law School, 188 Law Tripos replaces the ‘Civil Law Classes’ in 1858, 188 Library, J. W. Clark’s appeal on behalf of the, 213 Lord Acton’s, 214 Library, Needs of, Donation of the Goldsmiths’ Company for the, 213 Mathematics, Newall telescope, 209 Mechanical Sciences Tripos, First examination for the, held in 1894, 191 Mechanism and applied science, Professorship of, established in 1875, 191 Medicine, School of, 188, 189 Tropical, Diploma of, instituted in 1904, 188 Medieval and Modern Languages Tripos, founded in 1886, 190 Metallurgical laboratory, Need of a, 210 Military studies, Provision for, 195 Moral Science Tripos, New avenues to an honours degree opened in 1851 by the, 187, 188 Museums for natural sciences commenced in 1863, 188 Additions to, made in 1877, 1880, 1882, 1884, 1890, 188 Natural Sciences Tripos, 188 Needs of the various departments, 204 Nobel Prize, Gift of the, by Lord Rayleigh, 191 Observatory, building commenced in 1822, 191 Oriental Languages Tripos, founded in 1895, 190 Pathology, Professorship of, founded in 1883, 188 Physics, Chair of experimental, founded in 1871, 191 Held in succession by Clerk Maxwell, Lord Rayleigh, and J. J. Thomson, 191 Physiology, Professorship of, founded in 1883, 188 Professors and lecturers of other Universities educated at, 203 Proto-zoology, Establishment of a chair of, by the aid of the Quick bequest, 211 _Psychology, Journal of_, first published, in 1904, 209 Psychology, Physiological, in 1877, 208 Psycho-physical Laboratory, Efforts made in 1877 to establish a, 208 Psychophysics, Study of, 209 Public Health, Diploma of, instituted in 1875, 188 Sadlerian professorship of pure mathematics, founded in, 1857, 188 Sanskrit, Professorship of, founded in 1867, 190 Sedgwick Museum, 210 Semitic Languages Tripos, founded in 1878, 190 Slade professorship of fine art, founded in 1869, 189 Surgery, Professorship of, founded in 1883, 188 Whewell professorship of international law created in 1867, 188 Zoology, Professorship of, founded in 1866, 188

Cambridgeshire, County Councils of, and nine neighbouring counties, assist in upholding the agricultural experimental farm, 193

‘Cane moulière,’ 6

_Cardium edule_, 7

_Carinaria_ captured by the _Valdivia_, 39

Carnegie, A., and Morley, John, Gift of Lord Acton’s library to Cambridge University, 214

Carpenter, W. B., 20

Carter, R. M., House-fly harbours a larval nematode, named _Habronema muscæ_ by, 181 Tsetse flies not confined to Africa, but also found in South Arabia, 178

Cavendish, 18

Cecil, Lord Arthur, 85

_Cephalodiscus_, 41

Cercaria as nuclei of pearls, 4, 5

Cercariæum, 6

‘Charbon’ or ‘sang de rate,’ Disease of, in cattle, 120

Charrin, M., Suggested explanations of telegony, 79

Chicken, Disease of, Brazil, conveyed by the _Argas persicus_, 173 Cholera, 122

Chinchon, Countess of, Quinine introduced into Europe in 1640 by the, 139 Cured of tertian fever by Peruvian bark, 139

Cholera, Investigations into, 117

Christophers, S. R., Children of African natives infected with malaria, 152

Chun, Eyes of fishes, in his account of the voyage of the _Valdivia_, 35

‘Circaria.’ _See_ Cercaria

Clark, J. W., Appeal on behalf of the Cambridge University Library, 213

Cocoons, Value of, 114

Cod, Fertilization of the floating ova of the, 46

Colombo, 11, 13

_Columba livia_, 89

Cornalia and Filippi, Corpuscles of, 115

Crawford’s, Donald, Committee on the scarcity of herrings, 1904, 43

Cromwell, O., Death of, from a ‘bastard tertian ague,’ 133

Crossland, C., 14

Ctenophores, Deep-sea, 32

_Culex_, Position of, 159

Culicidæ, 156 Anophelina, 156 Culicina, Sub-families of, 156 Female alone that bites, 161

Cusanus, Nicolaus, 17

Dana, 19

Dante, A., on flies, 167

Darley, Arabian, 93

Darwin, 76, 187 Breeding experiments with pigeons, 89 on pangenesis, 80 on stripes of a foal bred by, 85

Day-mosquito, 163

De Geer: First description of the transformation of the house-fly, 174

De Pourtalès, 19

Diarrhœa, Epidemic, 179 Infantile, 180

Diatoms, 31

Diptera, Characteristics of, 156 Species of, Forty thousand estimated as only a tithe by D. Sharp, 156

_Dispharagus nasutus_ (Rud.), 181

_Distomum duplicatum_, 4

Dôle, 101, 103

Donati, 18

Dourine disease caused by _T. equiperdum_, 168

Drapers’ Company, Promised donation of the, for establishing an agricultural laboratory, 213

Dubois, 15 on pearls, 5, 8

Dumas, Lectures of, 104 Report on the epidemic of the destruction of silkworms, 113, 114

Durham, Captain, 22

Edwards, A. Milne, 22

Eider-duck, 5

Ellis, Captain, 17

Emin Pasha on the importance of mosquito-nets, 141

_Empusa muscæ_, 181

England, Malaria in, 133

Equidæ, 82 Reversion hypothesis in the, 84

Eryonidæ, 41

Europe, Distribution of malaria in, 131, 132, 133, 134

Ewart, Cossar, 67

Experiments in heredity, 74

Fen districts, Malaria in the, 133

Fermentation, Acetous, of wine, 113 Alcoholic, 110 First physical view of, 109 Lactic acid, 110 Presence of oxygen, 109 Processes of putrefaction and decay, 109 regarded as a contact action, 109 Studies on, 119 Vitalistic theory, 109 Opposition against the, 109 Yeast-cells, 109

Fever in India, 129 Redwater, conveyed by _Rhipicephalus annulatus_, 172 conveyed by _Ixodes reduvius_ in Europe, 172 Rhodesian, conveyed by _Rhipicephalus appendiculatus_, 172 conveyed by _Rhipicephalus shipleyi_, 172 Rocky Mountain, 171 Spotted, 171 Texas, 170 Tick, 170 Yellow, Cause of the spread of, 163 Organism not known which causes, 163

_Filaria_, 141 Elephantiasis, 159 _bancrofti_, 180 _immitis_, existing in the heart of dogs, 180 _nocturna_, 157 Round-worms in the disease of, 157

Filariasis, Disease of, 157 Elephantiasis, a variety of, 157

Filhol, on luminous slime, 33

Filippi, on origin of pearls, 4

Flacherie disease in silkworms, 116

Flies. _See_ also under Anopheles, Culicidæ, Diptera, Filaria Beelzebub called Lord of, 173 Blue-bottle fly, 167 Danger of, 174 Destruction of, creolin deters flies from ovipositing, 182 ‘Fly-belts,’ 166 House-fly, 167 Agent in the dissemination of cholera and enteric fevers, 178 Distribution of the, 176 First described and named _Musca domestica_ by Linnæus, 174 Larva of, described by Bouché, 174 of the, turning into a dark brown pupa or chrysalis, 175 Larvæ of, Food of the, 175 Life-history of, 175 Transformation of, described by de Geer, 174 Meat, or blow-fly, _Musca vomitoria_, Maggot in the Larva of, 175 Parasites of, 181 _Dispharagus nasutus_ (Rud.), 181 _Empusca muscæ_, 181 _Habronema muscæ_, 181 _Nematodum sp._ (?), 181 Tsetse fly conveys sleeping-sickness, 169 Female does not lay eggs, 166 Larva of, 166 Pupa of, 166 Geographical distribution of the, 166 (_Glossina_), 164 Habits of, 165 Mortality amongst the horses in the Abyssinian Campaign perhaps caused by the, 166 Prey of the, is the big game of Africa, including crocodiles, 167 and bacilli, 179 Epidemic diarrhœa caused by, 179 Infantile diarrhœa caused by, 180 and disease: Agencies for carrying disease-causing organisms, 155 Agencies for transmitting the plague bacillus, 155, 177 Agencies for carrying Egyptian ophthalmia, and the ‘sore-eye’ so common in Florida, 155, 156, 177 Agencies for carrying the bacilli of enteric fever, 155 Agencies for carrying the _Bacillus typhosus_, 178 Agencies for disseminating cholera, 177 Cause of woolsorter’s disease, 155, 177 _Musca domestica_ carry the bacillus of anthrax, 155, 177

Flounder, Fertilization of the eggs of the, 46

Foraminifera, 31

Forbes, Edward, 19, 23

Foster, Sir Michael, 188

Fowl, Wild ancestor of the Barn-door, 90

Frederick, Cæsar, 9

Fulton, Dr., Diminution of plaice and lemon-soles due to their spawning only in deep water, 51 Increase of dabs due to their spawning in protected waters, 51, 52

Gabes, Gulf of, 8

Gadow, H., 88

Galle, 13

Gall-sickness caused by _T. theileri_, 168

_Gallus bankiva_, 90

Galton, F., on prepotency as a sport, 95

Gambier group, 14

Garner, 5

Garstang, W., Transplantation of small plaice, 57 Evidence before the House of Lords Committee in 1904, 63

Gas, Invention of the word, 108

Gay-Lussac on racemic acid, 105

Generali: House-fly harbours a larval nematode called _Nematodum sp._ (?), 181

Generation, Spontaneous, 111, 112

Giard on pearls, 5, 8, 14

Globigerina, 31

_Glossina morsitans_, named by Westwood, 164 _palpalis_, conveyer of sleeping-sickness, 170 _tachinoides_, 178

Gnome, Invention of the word, 108

Godolphin, Arabian, 93

Goldsmiths’ Company, Donation of the, for Cambridge University Library, 213

Golgi, 137

Goodsir, H., 19, 67

Gordon, General, on the Importance of mosquito-nets, 141

Graham, Extract on the social life of Scotland, 132, 133

Grassi, 143, 151

Green, Rev. S., 68

Grévy’s zebra, 82

Gruby, Trypanosoma parasites first seen by, 168

Gulf Stream, 44

_Habronema muscæ_, 181

Haeckel, on ‘Benthos,’ 31 on Deep-sea medusæ as archaic, 41

_Hæmamœba malariæ_, 135 _præcox_, 135 _vivax_, 135

_Hæmatopota_, 165

Hæmatozoa, Three species of, which correspond to three kinds of Malaria, 135

_Hæmophysalis leachi_ conveys the _Piroplasma_, 171 life-history of, 171, 172

Haffkine, 125

Hales, Rev. Stephen, 18

Hansen on the Common diseases of beer caused by certain species of yeast-cell, 119

Hayes, Captain, 77

Heartwater disease in sheep conveyed by _Amblyomma hebræum_, 171, 172, 173

Helmont, van, Gas set free when fermentation occurs, 108 Inventor of the word ‘gas,’ 108 receipt for producing mice, 111

Hensen, Professor, 57, 66

Herdman, W. A., 7, 11, 13, 15, 70

Heredity a factor in the origin of species, 74 Experiments by C. Ewart, 74

Hewitt, C. Gordon, on the house-fly, 174, 176

Hippocrates, 131

Holt, E. W. L., on Fishery statistics, 58, 62, 68

Home, Sir Everard, 77

Hooke, Robert, 17

Hooker, Sir Joseph, 19

Hopkinson, Mrs., adds new wing to engineering laboratory, Cambridge, 192

Hornell, J., 11, 13, 14, 15

Horses, 73 Bucephalus, 84 Polydactylous, 84 Striped ancestors of, 83 Kathiawar horses, 83 Norwegian ponies, 83 in Mexico, 83

Howard, L. O., on the House-fly, 174, 176

Hubrecht, Professor, Suggested explanations of telegony, 79

Humbert, 4

Humphry, Sir George, 188

Huxley, Professor, 21, 30, 45

Hybrids, 73, 95 Female production of, 75 Hardiness of, 96 Healthiness of, 97 Romulus, 85, 96 Unhealthiness of, caused by strongylus worm, 97 caused by tsetse fly, 97 Zebra, 96

Hydrophobia, First inoculation against, 124

Inbreeding, 91 Effects of, 92 Experiments, 92 in racehorses, 93

India, British Army in, Death-rate from malaria of the, 129, 130

Inoculation, Success of, 123 Saving of cattle due to, 123

_Ipnops_, Blindness of, 35

Intercrossing, Swamping effect of, 91

Ireland free from malaria, 134

Ismailia, Malaria reduced at, 162

Isobathic curves, 17

Italy, Average mortality in, from malaria, 130

_Ixodes pilosus_, cause of paralysis in sheep during the early autumn, 173 _reduvius_ conveys redwater fever in Europe, 172

James I., Death of, by a ‘tertian ague,’ 133

Jameson, Lyster, on formation of pearls, 5, 7

Jeffreys, Gwyn, 20

Jelly-fish, Tentacles of, 37

Jenkin, Fleeming, 22

Jenkins, Dr., 70

Johnstone, James, 70

Jordanus, 9

Kathiawar horses, 83

Kelaart, 4

Kennedy, Dr., 189

King, Professor A. F. A., Essay on the mosquito theory, 141

Kipling, Rudyard, 16, 26, 31, 34

Kitasato, 125

Koch, 125

‘Kottus,’ 11

Krümmel, 66

Kühn, Professor, Telegony not proved, 81

Lankester, Sir E. Ray, Description of a parasitic organism, 135

Latour, Cagniard de, 109

Laveran, Discovery of Protozoa organism in malaria, 134, 137

Lavoisier, 117

Leeuwenhoek, 109

Lefevre, G. Shaw, 45

_Leucithodendrium somateriæ_, 5

Liebig, 109, 118

Lille, Faculty of Science at, 109

Linnæus, on Peruvian bark, 139 House-fly named _Musca domestica_ by, 174

Lister, Lord, First operations under antiseptic treatment, 113

Livingstone, Importance of mosquito-nets, 141

Loch Corrie mated with Mulatto, 85

London School of Tropical Medicine, 151

London, Zoological Society of, 99

Longfellow, 111

Lounsbury, C. P., Life-history of _Hæmophysalis leachi_, 171

Lovén, 19

Low, Dr., and Sambon, Dr., Experiment against the bites of the mosquito, 151

Lowe, Bruce, Effects of inbreeding foxhounds, 92 On the saturation hypothesis, 78

Lugard, Colonel, 97

MacCallum on Malaria parasite, 143

McIntosh, W. C., 67

Mackerel, Fertilization of the floating ova of the, 46

_Macrurus_, Eyes of the, 35

Magellan, Ferdinand, 16