Part 27

_eye_ nunnecsoon araythya ishtah. _knife_ warth wahata matzee. _pipe_ pechouon einpssah eekeepee. _tobacco_ cheesouon kitchtawan owpai. _dog_ hudther ahttah matshuga. _fire_ usitter ---- beerais. _bow_ bart ---- beerahhah. _arrow_ utcee ---- eetan. _one_ karci ---- lemoisso. _two_ neece nethiyau noopah. _three_ narce ---- namee. _four_ nean yahnayau topah. _five_ yautune ---- cheehoh. _six_ neteartuce ---- acamai. _seven_ nesartuce ---- chappo. _eight_ narswartuce ---- nopuppee. _nine_ anharbetwartuce ---- nowassappai. _ten_ mettartuce netassa peeraga.

The Ahnenin language, without being at present referable to any recognized group, has numerous miscellaneous affinities.

English _God_. _Ahnenin_ esis--_sun_. _Sheshatapoosh_ shayshoursh. _Passamaquoddy_ saisos.

English _hair_. _Ahnenin_ betamnita. _Caddo_ baat. _Taculli_ pitsa--_head_. _Uche_ pseotan--_head_.

English _ear_. _Ahnenin_ etah. _Esquimaux_ heutinga. ---- tsheeutik. ---- shudik. _Knistenaux_ otowegu. _Ojibbeway_ ottowug. _Micmac_ hadowugan. _Massachusetts_ wehtoughh. _Narragansets_ wuttowwog. _Delaware_ wittauk. _Miami_ tawakeh. _Shawnoe_ towakah. _Omohaw_ neetah. _Osage_ naughta. _Quappa_ nottah.

English _nose_. _Ahnenin_ husi. _Old Algonkin_ yash. _Massachusetts_ wutch.

English _mouth_. _Ahnenin_ ockya. _Osage_ ehaugh. _Natchez_ heche.

English _fingers_. _Ahnenin_ naha. _Onondagos_ eniage.

English _blood_. _Ahnenin_ barts. _Caddo_ baaho.

English _hand_. _Ahnenin_ ikickan. _Pawnee_ iksheeree. _Muskoge_ innkke. _Catawba_ eeksapeeah. _Mohawk_ oochsoochta.

English. _leg_. _Ahnenin_ nunaha. _Sack and Fox_ nenanah. _Caddo_ danuna--_foot_.

English _man_. _Ahnenin_ neehato--_white man_. ---- watamahat--_black? man_. _Tuscarora_ aineehau. _Nottoway_ eniha. _Seneca_ ungouh. _Wyandot_ aingahon. _Mohawk_ oonguich. _Dacota_ weetschahskta.

English _girl_. _Ahnenin_ wahtah. _Dacota_ weetsheeahnah. _Yancton_ weetchinchano. _Yancton_ weetachnong--_daughter_. _Osage_ wetongah--_sister_.

English _wife_. _Ahnenin_ etha. _Kenay_ ssióo.

English _water_. _Ahnenin_ nitsa. _Quappa_ nih. _Uche_ tsach.

English _sun_. _Ahnenin_ esis. _Algonkin_ kesis. _Choctaw_ hashe. _Ohikkasaw_ husha. _Muskoge_ hahsie.

English _rock_. _Ahnenin_ hannike. _Winebago_ eenee. _Dacota_ eeang. _Yancton_ eeyong. _Mohawk_ oonoyah. _Onondago_ onaja.

English _wood_. _Ahnenin_ bess. _Passamaquoddy_ apass--_tree_. _Abenaki_ abassi--_tree_.

English _bear_. _Ahnenin_ wussa. _Quappa_ wassah. _Osage_ wasauba. _Omahaw_ wassabai.

English _dog_. _Ahnenin_ ahttah. ---- hudther. _Sheshatapoosh_ attung. _Abenaki_ attie. _Tuscarora_ tcheer. _Nottoway_ cheer.

English _elk_. _Ahnenin_ wussea. _Miami_ musuoh--_deer_. _Illinois_ mousoah--_deer_.

English _bad_. _Ahnenin_ wahnatta. _Mohawk_ wahpateku. _Onondagos_ wahethe. _Oneida_ wahetka.

English _good_. _Ahnenin_ etah. _Caddo_ hahut--_handsome_.

English _me_, _mine_. _Ahnenin_ nistow. _Blackfoot_ niste--_I_.

English _you_. _Ahnenin_ ahnan. _Kenay_ nan.

English _to-day_. _Ahnenin_ wananaki. _Mohawk_ kuhhwanteh. _Onondagos_ neucke.

English _to-morrow_. _Ahnenin_ nacah. _Tchuktchi_ unako. ---- unniok. _Choctaw_ onaha.

English _many_. _Ahnenin_ ukaka. _Mohawk_ awquayakoo. _Seneca_ kawkuago.

English _drink_. _Ahnenin_ nahbin. _Osage_ nebnatoh.

English _sleep_. _Ahnenin_ nuckcoots. _Abenaki_ nekasi. _Mohawk_ yihkootos. _Onondagos_ agotawi. _Seneca_ wanuhgoteh.

English _two_. _Ahnenin_ neece. _Passamaquoddy_ nes. _Abenaki_ niss. _Massachusetts_ neese. _Narragansets_ neesse. _Mohican_ neesoh. _Montaug_ nees. ---- neeze. _Adaize_ nass.

English _three_. _Ahnenin_ narce. _Abenaki_ nash. _Narragansets_ nish.

English _four_. _Ahnenin_ nean. ---- yahnayau. _Ojibbeway_ newin. _Ottawa_ niwin. _Knistenaux_ nayo. _Old Algonkin_ neyoo. _Sheshatapoosh_ naou. _Massachusetts_ yaw. _Narragansets_ yoh.

English _six_. _Ahnenin_ nekitukujan. _Knistenaux_ negotoahsik. _Ojibbeway_ gotoasso. ---- nigouta waswois. _Ottawa_ ningotowaswi. _Abenaki_ negudaus. _Montaug_ nacuttah.

_The Blackfoot._--Of this language we have three vocabularies; a short one by Umfreville, a short one in Mr. Catlin's work, and the longer and more important one in Mr. Gallatin's manuscripts. The three vocabularies represent the same language. Its affinities are miscellaneous; more however with the Algonkin tongues than with those of the other recognized groups.

English _woman_. _Blackfoot_ ahkeya. _Old Algonkin_ ickweh. _Ottawa_ uque. _Delaware_ okhqueh. ---- khqeu. _Nanticoke_ acquahique. _Illinois_ ickoe. _Shawnoe_ equiwa. _Sauki_ kwoyikih. _Cherokee_ ageyung. _Woccoon_ yecauau.

English _boy_. _Blackfoot_ sacoomahpa. _Upsaroka_ skakkatte.

English. _girl_. _Blackfoot_ ahkaquoin. _Catawba_ yahwachahu.

English _child_. _Blackfoot_ pokah. _Upsaroka_ bakkatte.

English _father_. _Blackfoot_ onwa. _Seneca_ hanee.

English _husband_. _Blackfoot_ ohmah. _Esquimaux_ oemah.

English _daughter_. _Blackfoot_ netan. _Knistenaux_ netannis. _Ojibbeway_ nindanis. ---- nedannis. _Ottawa_ tanis. _Massachusetts_ nutannis. _Narragansets_ nittannis. _Illinois_ tahana. _Sack and Fox_ tanes. _Uche_ teyunung.

English _brother_. _Blackfoot_ nausah. _Passamaquoddy_ nesiwas. _Abenaki_ nitsie.

English _head_. _Blackfoot_ otoquoin. _Old Algonkin_ oostiquan. _Sheshatapoosh_ stoukoan. _Ojibbeway_ oostegwon. _Knistenaux_ istegwen. ---- ustequoin.

English _nose_. _Blackfoot_ okissis. _Menomeni_ oocheeush.

English _neck_. _Blackfoot_ ohkokin. _Miami_ kwaikaneh. _Sack and Fox_ nekwaikaneh.

English _hand_. _Blackfoot_ okittakis. _Esquimaux_ iyuteeka. ---- tikkiek--_fingers_.

English _leg_. _Blackfoot_ ohcat. _Ojibbeway_ okat. _Knistenaux_ miskate. _Sheshatapoosh_ neescatch. _Massachusetts_ muhkout. _Menomeni_ oakauut.

English _feet_. _Blackfoot_ oaksakah. _Wyandot_ ochsheetau. _Mohawk_ oochsheeta. _Onondago_ ochsita. _Seneca_ oochsheeta. _Oneyda_ ochsheecht. _Nottoway_ seeke--_toes_.

English _bone_. _Blackfoot_ ohkinnah. _Knistenaux_ oskann. _Ojibbeway_ okun. _Ottawa_ okunnum. _Miami_ kanih. _Massachusetts_ uskon. _Narragansets_ wuskan. _Shawnoe_ ochcunne. _Sack and Fox_ okaneh. _Menomeni_ okunum.

English _kettle_. _Blackfoot_ eske. _Knistenaux_ askick. _Ojibbeway_ akkeek.

English _shoes_. _Blackfoot_ atsakin. _Mohawk_ ohtaquah. _Seneca_ auhtoyuawohya. _Nottoway_ otawgwag.

English _bread_. _Blackfoot_ ksaquonats. _Mohican_ tauquauh. _Shawnoe_ taquanah.

English _spring_. _Blackfoot_ motoe. _Osage_ paton.

English _summer_. _Blackfoot_ napoos. _Knistenaux_ nepin. _Ojibbeway_ neebin. ---- nipin. _Ottawa_ nipin. _Sheshatapoosh_ neepun. _Micmac_ nipk. _Abenaki_ nipéné. _Massachusetts_ nepun. _Narragansets_ neepun. _Mohican_ nepoon. _Delaware_ nipen. _Miami_ nipeenueh. _Shawnoe_ nepeneh. _Sack and Fox_ neepenweh. _Menomeni_ neeaypeenaywaywah.

English _hail_. _Blackfoot_ sahco. _Knistenaux_ sasagun. _Ojibbeway_ sasaigan. _Sheshatapoosh_ shashaygan.

English _fire_. _Blackfoot_ esteu. _Mohican_ stauw.

English _water_. _Blackfoot_ ohhkeah. _Chikkasaw_ uckah. _Attacapa_ ak.

English _ice_. _Blackfoot_ sacoocootah. _Esquimaux_ sikkoo. _Tchuktchi_ tshikuta.

English _earth_. _Blackfoot_ ksahcoom. _Knistenaux_ askee. _Ojibbeway_ ahkee. _Ottawa_ aki. _Old Algonkin_ ackey. ---- ackwin.

English _lake_. _Blackfoot_ omah sekame. _Knistenaux_ sakiegun. _Ojibbeway_ sahgiegun. _Shawnoe_ mskaque.

English _island_. _Blackfoot_ mane. _Upsaroka_ minne--_water_. ---- minneteekah--_lake_. ---- minnepeshu--_island_. _Knistenaux_ ministick. _Ojibbeway_ minnis. _Old Algonkin_ minis. _Passamaquoddy_ muniqu. _Abenaki_ menahan. _Mohican_ mnauhan. _Delaware_ menokhtey. ---- menatey. _Miami_ menahanweh. _Menomeni_ meenayish.

English _rock, stone_. _Blackfoot_ ohcootoke. _Nottoway_ ohhoutahk.

English _tree_. _Blackfoot_ masetis. _Ojibbeway_ metik. _Old Algonkin_ metiih. _Sheshatapoosh_ mistookooah. _Massachusetts_ mehtug.

English _grass_. _Blackfoot_ mahtooyaase. _Miami_ metahkotuck. _Quappa_ montih.

English _leaf_. _Blackfoot_ soyapoko. _Massachusetts_ wunnepog. _Narragansets_ wunnepog. _Mohican_ wunnepok. _Miami_ metshipakwa. _Sack and Fox_ tatapacoan. _Menomeni_ ahneepeeoakunah.

English _beaver_. _Blackfoot_ kakestake. _Esquimaux_ keeyeeak.

English _wolf_. _Blackfoot_ mahcooya. _Esquimaux_ amaok. _Knistenaux_ myegun. _Ojibbeway_ mieengun. ---- maygan. _Old Algonkin_ mahingan. _Massachusetts_ muckquoshin. _Narragansets_ muckquashin. _Miami_ muhkwaiauch.

English _bird_. _Blackfoot_ pakesa. _Massachusetts_ psukses. _Narragansets_ peasis.

English _egg_. _Blackfoot_ ohwas. _Taculli_ ogaze. _Kenay_ kquasa. _Cherokee_ oowatse. _Salish_ ooseh.

English _goose_. _Blackfoot_ emahkiya. _Menomeni_ mckawk.

English _partridge_. _Blackfoot_ katokin. _Nanticoke_ kitteawndipqua.

English _red_. _Blackfoot_ mohisenum. _Massachusetts_ misqueh.

English _yellow_. _Blackfoot_ ohtahko. _Esquimaux_ toongook. ---- tshongak. _Knistenaux_ asawwow. _Ojibbeway_ ozawa. ---- ojawa. _Old Algonkin_ oozao. _Sack and Fox_ ossawah. _Menomeni_ oashahweeyah.

English _great_. _Blackfoot_ ohmohcoo. _Micmac_ mechkilk. _Mohican_ makauk.

English _small_. _Blackfoot_ enahcootse. _Upsaroka_ ecat.

English _strong_. _Blackfoot_ miskappe. _Knistenaux_ mascawa. _Ojibbeway_ machecawa. _Old Algonkin_ masshkawa. _Nanticoke_ miskiu.

English _warm_. _Blackfoot_ kazetotzu. _Knistenaux_ kichatai. ---- kisopayo. _Ojibbeway_ kezhoyah. _Ottawa_ keshautta. _Old Algonkin_ akishattey. _Passamaquoddy_ kesipetai. _Massachusetts_ kussutan. _Narragansets_ kssetauwou.

English _I_. _Blackfoot_ nisto. _Chipewyan_ ne. _Knistenaux_ nitha. ---- neya. _Ojibbeway_ neen, nin. _Old Algonkin_ nir. _Sheshatapoosh_ neele. _Micmac_ nil. _Illinois_ nira. _Ahnenin_ nistow.

English _thou_. _Blackfoot_ christo. _Knistenaux_ kitha. _Ojibbeway_ keen, kin. _Old Algonkin_ kir. _Micmac_ kil. _Illinois_ kira.

English _this_, _that_. _Blackfoot_ kanakha. _Upsaroka_ kinna. _Nanticoke_ youkanna.

English _to-day_. _Blackfoot_ anookchusiquoix. _Knistenaux_ anoutch. _Onondago_ neuchke.

English _yesterday_. _Blackfoot_ mahtone. _Dacota_ tanneehah.

English _drink_. _Blackfoot_ semate. _Upsaroka_ smimmik.

English _speak_. _Blackfoot_ apooyatz. _Upsaroka_ bidow.

English _sing_. _Blackfoot_ anihkit. _Knistenaux_ necummoon. _Ojibbeway_ nugamoo. _Sheshatapoosh_ nekahmoo. _Illinois_ nacamohok. _Menomeni_ neekaumeenoon.

English _sleep_. _Blackfoot_ okat. _Mohawk_ yihkootos. _Onondago_ agotawi. _Seneca_ wanuhgoteh.

English _kill_. _Blackfoot_ enikke. _Abenaki_ nenirke.

The Blackfoot numerals, as given by Mackenzie and Umfreville, slightly differ. The termination in-_um_ runs through the numerals of Fitz-Hugh Sound, an Oregon language.

ENGLISH. BLACKFOOT OF BLACKFOOT OF FITZ-HUGH UMFREVILLE. MACKENZIE. SOUND.

_one_ tokescum sa nimscum. _two_ nartokescum nahtoka malscum _three_ nohokescum nahhoka utascum. _four_ nesweum nasowe moozcum. _five_ nesittwi nesitto thikaescum. _six_ nay nowwe kitliscum. _seven_ kitsic akitsecum atloopooscum. _eight_ narnesweum nahnissowe malknaskum. _nine_ picksee pakeso nanooskim. _ten_ keepey kepo highio.

2. nekty, _Tuscarora_; tiknee, _Seneca_; teghia, _Oneida_; dekanee, _Nottoway_; tekini, _Otto_.

3. noghoh, _Mohican_; nakha, _Delaware_.

5. nthsysta, _Mohawk_; sattou, _Quappa_; satta, _Osage_, _Omahaw_; sata, _Otto_; sahtsha, _Minetare_.

7. tzauks, _Kawitchen_, _Noosdalum_.

10. kippio, _Chimmesyan_.

_The Crow and Mandan Languages._--Of the important language of the Upsarokas or Crows the Archæologia Americana contains only thirty words. Of the Mandan we have, in the same work, nothing beyond the names of ten chiefs. In Gallatin's classification these tribes are dealt with as subdivisions of the Minetare nation. Now the Minetare are of the Sioux or Dacota family.

Between the Mandan vocabulary of Mr. Catlin and the Crow vocabulary of Gallatin's MSS. there are the following words in common. The affinity seems less close than it is generally stated to be: still the two languages appear to be Sioux. This latter point may be seen in the second table.

ENGLISH. MANDAN. CROW.

_God_ mahhopeneta sakahbooatta. _sun_ menakha a'hhhiza. _moon_ esto menakha minnatatche. _stars_ h'kaka ekieu. _rain_ h'kahoost hannah. _snow_ copcaze makkoupah--_hail_. _river_ passahah ahesu. _day_ hampah maupah. _night_ estogr oche. _dark_ hampaheriskah chippusheka. _light_ edayhush thieshe. _woman_ meha meyakatte. _wife_ moorse moah. _child_ sookhomaha bakkatte. _girl_ sookmeha meyakatte. _boy_ sooknumohk shakkatte. _head_ pan marshaa. _legs_ doka buchoope. _eyes_ estume meishta. _mouth_ ea ea. _nose_ pahoo buppa. _face_ estah esa. _ears_ nakoha uppa. _hand_ onka buschie. _fingers_ onkaha buschie. _foot_ shee busche. _hair_ hahhee masbeah. _canoe_ menanko maheshe. _fish_ poh booah. _bear_ mahto duhpitsa. _wolf_ haratta chata. _dog_ mones waroota biska. _buffalo_ ptemday bisha. _elk_ omepah eitchericazzse. _deer_ mahmanacoo ohha. _beaver_ warrappa biruppe. _shoe_ hoompah hoompe. _bow_ warraenoopah bistuheeah. _arrow_ mahha ahnailz. _pipe_ ehudka ompsa. _tobacco_ mannasha hopa. _good_ shushu itsicka. _bad_ k'hecush kubbeek. _hot_ dsasosh ahre. _cold_ shincehush hootshere. _I_ me be. _thou_ ne de. _he_ e na. _we_ noo bero. _they_ eonah mihah. 1 mahhannah amutcat. 2 nompah noomcat. 3 namary namenacat. 4 tohha shopecat. 5 kakhoo chihhocat. 6 kemah ahcamacat. 7 koopah sappoah. 8 tatucka noompape. 9 mahpa ahmuttappe. 10 perug perakuk.

English _God_. _Mandan_ mahhoppeneta. _Winebago_ mahahnah. _Minetare_ manhopa. _Algonkin_ marutoo.

English _sun_. _Mandan_ menahka. _Omahaw_ meencajai. _Caddo_ manoh--_light_.

English _star_. _Mandan_ h'kaka. _Quappa_ mihcacheh. _Otto_ peekahhai. _Omahaw_ meecaai. _Minetare_ eekah.

English _day_. _Mandan_ hampah eriskah. _Winebago_ haunip. ---- haumpeehah. _Dacota_ anipa. _Yancton_ aungpa. _Osage_ hompaye. _Otto_ hangwai. _Omahaw_ ombah. _Minetare_ mahpaih.

English _woman_. _Mandan_ meha. _Yancton_ weeah. _Omahaw_ waoo. _Minetare_ meeyai. _Ioway_ mega.

English _child_. _Mandan_ sookhomaha. _Quappa_ schehjinka. _Otto_ cheechingai. _Omahaw_ shingashinga.

English _head_. _Mandan_ pan. _Dacota_ pah. _Yancton_ pah. _Quappa_ pahhih. _Omahaw_ pah.

English _arms_. _Mandan_ arda. _Minetare_ arrough. _Pawnee_ heeeeru.

English _leg_. _Mandan_ doka. _Quappa_ jaccah. _Osage_ sagaugh.

English _eyes_. _Mandan_ estume. _Dacota_ ishta. _Yancton_ ishtah. _Quappa_ inschta. _Otto &c._ ishta.

English _mouth_. _Mandan_ ea. _Sioux passim_ ea.

English _nose_. _Mandan_ pahoo. _Sioux passim_ pah.

English _face_. _Mandan_ estah. _Dacota_ eetai. _Yancton_ eetai. _Minetare_ etah.

English _ears_. _Mandan_ nakoha. _Winebago_ nahchahwahhah. _Yancton_ nougkopa. _Osage_ naughta.

English _hands_. _Mandan_ onka. _Nottoway_ nunke. _Tuscarora_ ohehneh. _Menomeni_ oanah. _Miami_ enahkee.

English _fingers_. _Mandan_ onkahah. _Onondago_ eniage. _Wyandot_ eyingia. _Tchuktchi_ ainhanka.

English _foot_. _Mandan_ shee. _Sioux_ sih. _Pawnee_ ashoo. _Tuscarora_ uhseh.

English _hair_. _Mandan_ pahhee. _Sioux_ pahee.

English _fish_. _Mandan_ poh. _Minetare_ boa. _Sioux_ ho, hough.

English _beaver_. _Mandan_ warappah. _Minetare_ meerapa. _Otto_ rawaiy.

English _deer_. _Mandan_ mahmanaco. _Yancton_ tamindoca.

English _house_. _Mandan_ ote. _Ioway_ tshe.

English _bow_. _Mandan_ warraenoopah. _Minetare_ beerahhah. _Tuscarora_ awraw.

English _arrow_. _Mandan_ mahha. _Sioux_ mong, ma.

English _shoe_. _Mandan_ hoompah. _Dacota_ hanipa. _Quappa_ honpeh. _Minetare_ opah.

English _bad_. _Mandan_ k'hecush. _Dacota_ sheecha.

English _cold_. _Mandan_ shineekush. _Winebago_ seeneehee. _Sioux_ snee.

English _no_. _Mandan_ megosh. _Tuscarora_ gwush.

English _I_. _Mandan_ me. _Dacota_ meeah. _Minetare_ meeee. _Quappa_ vieh. _Osage_ veca.

English _thou_. _Mandan_ ne. _Winebago_ ney. _Dacota_ neeah. _Minetare_ nehe.

English _he_. _Mandan_ e. _Dacota_ eeah.

English _we_. _Mandan_ noo. _Winebago_. neehwahkiaweeno. _Onondago_ ni. _Knistenaux_ neou.

English _one_. _Mandan_ mahhannah. _Osage_ minche. _Omahaw_ meeachchee.

English _two_. _Mandan_ nompah. _Sioux_ nompa, noopa. _Uche_ nowah.

English _three_. _Mandan_ namary. _Minetare_ namee.

English _four_. _Mandan_ tohha. _Sioux_ topah, tuah.