Part 17

Scotch, defeat Charles I.’s forces in Bishops’ Wars, 41; adventurers in the Netherlands, 58; relations with Parliamentarians, 78; they aid the Parliamentarians, 84; besiege York, 85; at Marston Moor, 86, 87; their military qualities, 94; Charles I.’s surrender to, 98; relations with Charles I. in Parliament, 116; declare for King against army, 120; they aid the cavaliers, 121; in Second Civil War, 122; Presbyterians at Ulster, 122; union with Royalists, 124; at Preston, 125–128; Puritan treatment of, 129; support Parliament after Second Civil War, 131; in touch with Ulster, 146; share in Irish war, 147; at Trim, 157; declare for Charles II., 162, 164; losses at Dunbar, 171; assemble at Stirling, 174, 220; immigrants into Ireland, 223; their share in British expansion, 238

Scotch Highlanders, military type of, in Civil Wars, 95

Scotch Presbyterians, support Charles II., 150

Scotland, character of, 18; Episcopacy rejected there, 38, 40; demands indemnity after Bishops’ Wars, 41; its claims paid by the Long Parliament, 54; makes terms with Charles I., 55; brawls in, 58; league with Parliamentarians, 80; Royalist hope of, 94; end of Royalist party there, 98; complex political conditions, 122, 123; Royalists and Covenanters, 165, 166; subdued by Parliamentarians, 178; definitive union with England, 201; rule under the Protectorate, 220, 221

Scout-master, 84

Sea-power, Spanish, in sixteenth century, 227

Secession, right of, in American States, 62

Sectaries, Parliamentarian intolerance of, 116; hatred of the Kirk for, 169

Self-denying Ordinance, the, 93, 94

Self-government, qualities of, 235

“Serving men and tapsters,” 73

Severn, river, 71

Seymour, American Vice-President, 103

Sheridan, American cavalry commander, 70; compared with Cromwell in pursuit, 171

Ship Money, 34; payment of, refused by Hampden, 35, 45; declared illegal by Long Parliament, 54

Short Parliament, hostility of, to Charles I., 41. _See also Parliament_

Sixty-seventh Regiment, Cromwell’s captaincy in, 58

Skippon, Parliamentarian major-general, wounded at Naseby, 97

Slavery, prisoners of Puritans sold into, 129, 153; in the United States, 193

Sligo, captured, 148

Smithfield, 39

Soldiers, citizen and regular types compared, 64–69; veterans at Marston Moor, 87; pay neglected by Parliament, 116; Scotch at Preston, 128; their ready changes of allegiance, 129; religion not always a cause of efficiency among them, 166

South Africa, volunteers in, 67

South American republics, 193

Southerners, in the United States, 102

Spain, feared by England in sixteenth century, 14; supremacy of, 14; her barbarities compared with those of Turkey, 15; natural foe of France, 17; sea-power crushed by the Dutch admirals, 18; oppressions of the Dutch, 36, 146; her cruelties, 162; her colonial policy, 224; Cromwell’s interference with, 226; war with France, 226, 227; defeated by England in the Netherlands, 229

Spaniards, English victories over them on the sea, 182; their cruelty, 218

Speaker of the House, Cromwell’s letter to, 105

Speeches, character of Cromwell’s, 202, 205

Star Chamber, the, 28; its subserviency to the King, 32; Cromwell’s hatred of, 53; abolished by Long Parliament, 54

States rights, doctrine of, in the United States, 62; in English counties, 63

Steward. _See Cromwell, Elizabeth S._

Stirling, assembling of Scotch forces there, 174

Strafford, Lord, minister of Charles I., his jealousy of Buckingham, 27; his abetting of the King, 33; raised to the Peerage, 34; his rule in Ireland, 35, 36; returns from Ireland, 41; his impeachment and defence, 51; death, 53; the King’s treachery to him, 137

Strategy, lack of, in 1643, 79; Cromwell’s principles of, 168; “Stonewall” Jackson’s and Cromwell’s compared, 171

Stuart, American Confederate cavalry commander, 70

Stuart, House of the, 139; its weakness against the Commonwealth, 139; re-establishment of, 233

Stuarts, the English Kings, 7; England under their rule, 8; their supposed spiritual supremacy, 9; their ignorance of their people, 11; weakness of their domestic and foreign policy, 20; their belief in the divine right of kings, 21; reactionary type of, 24; their power curtailed by Petition of Right, 28; Charles I. the type of, 134; their bearing in exile, 199; comparisons with Cromwell, 211; their Restoration, 214; taxation during their reigns, 216, 225

Suffrage, manhood, advocated by the Levellers, 112; under the Protectorate, 201

Sunday, observance of, 214

Supreme Council of Dublin, the, 150

Sweden, champion of the Reformation, 26

Swiss mercenaries, hired by Cromwell, 228

Swords, use of, by cavalry, 60

Syracusans, the, oppressions of, 210

Tactics, shock and fire compared, 59; at Marston Moor, 86; Scots’, at Preston, 125

Tartar yoke in Russia, the, 210

Taxation, in England, by Parliament, 184; under the Protectorate, 216; under the Commonwealth, 217

Ten Commandments, the, 46

Thirty Years’ War, the, France’s share in, 17; in Germany, 26; its height at death of Gustaphus, 39; its influence on Cromwell, 44; soldiery in, 65; Cromwell’s inclination to take part in it, 118

Thornhaugh, Colonel, Parliamentary leader of horse, 128

Tilly, 129, 156

Timoleon, 208

Tithes, 193

Tolerance, in the modern world, 12; falseness of, in seventeenth century, 19. _See also Catholics; Cromwell; Puritans, etc._

Tonnage and poundage, 29; declaration against its pay without Parliamentary consent, 31; declared illegal by Long Parliament, 54

Tories, in America, 217

Tower of London, the, Eliot’s imprisonment there, 32; Laud’s, 52

Trade, in Europe, in the seventeenth century, 182

Trim (Ireland), captured by Parliamentarians, 157

Tromp, the elder, in the Spanish wars, 18, 182

Tudors, English sovereigns, unarmed despots, 10, 11; their relations with English commercial classes, 10; with middle class, 10

Tunis, Blake at, 228

Turenne, regular soldiers under, 145; service of British troops under, 229

Turks, cruelty of, 218, 228

Tyranny, English intolerance of, 11; Cromwell’s tyranny defined, 210 _et seq._, 216; Charles I.’s, 234

Ulster, Scotch Presbyterians at, 122; Irish rising there, 146; captured by Parliamentarians, 150; massacres by Cromwellians there, 151, 157; under the Protectorate, 223

Ultramontanes, the, 148, 150

Uniforms, variety of, in Parliamentary army, 64; origin of present English, 229

Union, War of the, in the United States, 193; its salutary effects, 208. _See also American Civil War_

Unitarians, 78

United States, the, religious tolerance of, compared with Cromwell’s England’s, 49; political theorists, 113; Abolitionists, 192; Constitution of, 196; government of, 198; practical good sense of, 219

Valley Campaigns, Stonewall Jackson’s, 171

Vane, Sir Harry, 185, 187

Van Heemskirk, his prowess against Spain, 18

Vaudois, the, persecutions of, 220, 227

Venables, at San Domingo, 229

Venetian government, Puritans’ prisoners sold to, 129

Verdelin, Regiment of, 225

Verney, 154

Veto, the Protector’s, 197

Victoria, Queen, 135

Virginia, Puritans’ prisoners there, 129

Volunteers (soldiery), in American Civil War, 65; compared with regulars, 66–69; Ironsides as, 144; rawness of, 167

Wales, Royalist rising there in Second Civil War, 121; Cromwell’s administration there, 216

Wallenstein, 129, 156

Waller, Parliamentary general, at Copredy Bridge, 91

War-ships, Dutch, 182

Washington, compared with Pym and Hampden, 5, 36; his superiority over Cromwell, 53; his regular soldiery, 91; character of, 101; disinclination to dictatorship, 102; his lofty plane, 103; his judicious government, 110; his statesmanship, 188, 190; his influence on the United States Constitution, 196; his forbearance, 207

Waterloo, Battle of, compared with Marston Moor, 90

Wayne, American Revolutionary general, 91

Wellington, 145

Welsh War, 121, 122

Wentworth, Sir Thomas, 27; character of, 33. _See also Strafford_

West Indies, English rule in, 229

Westminster, Long Parliament meets there, 41; Cromwell installed there, 199

Westminster Hall, Cromwell’s head exposed there by Restorationists, 233

West Point, advantages of its training, 67

Wexford, Cromwellian atrocities there, 155; Cromwell’s storming of, 157, 158, 160

Whigamore Raid, the, in Scotland, 130

Whitehall, Palace of, 42, 57; Charles I. beheaded there, 137

Whitewarts, the, at Marston Moor, 89

William the Conqueror, his Lords, 108

William III., English King, 100; his ability, 101; the real successor of Cromwell, 234, 235

Williams, original name of the Cromwells, 42

Willoughby, Lord, Parliamentary general, at Gainsborough, 81, 82; Cromwell’s charges against, 85

Wilson, American cavalryman, 70

Winceby, Battle of, 83

Winchester, occupied by Cromwell, 98

Winchester, Marquis of, Royalist leader, 98

Winwick Church, the Scotch at, 128

Worcester, Battle of, 175, 177, 180; anniversary of, 231

“Word of the Lord, the,” 46, 47

Yeomanry, in England, 59, 61

York, the siege of, 85; fall of, 90

Yorkshire, neutrality of, 63; its troops at Marston Moor, 86 _et seq._; rising for Charles I. there, 121; troops in Second Civil War, 124; at Preston, 127

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.