Chapter IV.

=Panhandle Gap.= On the east-central slope of the mountain, above the Sarvent Glaciers. Elevation, about 7,000 feet above sea level.

=Panorama Point.= On the southern slope of the mountain, overlooking Nisqually Glacier.

=Paradise Glacier.= On the southeast slope. In 1870, Stevens and Van Trump called it Little Nisqually Glacier.

=Paradise River.= Stevens and Van Trump called the river Glacier Creek in 1870.

=Paradise Valley.= On the south-central slope. This is the best known part of the Park. David Longmire says that his mother (wife of the pioneer, James Longmire) and a Mrs. Jameson were the first women to visit the region. As they wound up the zigzag trail through the forest they were suddenly in the midst of most wonderful mountain scenery. "O, what a paradise!" exclaimed one. "Yes, a real paradise," answered the other. That was in 1885, and the name Paradise has remained in use for the valley and has also been extended to the river and the glacier from which it takes its source.

=Paul Peak.= In the northwestern corner of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained.

=Peak Success.= The southern summit of Mount Rainier. It was named in 1870 by Stevens and Van Trump on the occasion of their making the first ascent of the mountain. The new map calls it Point Success. Elevation, 14,150 feet above sea level.

=Pearl Creek.= On the southern slope of the mountain, draining Pyramid Glacier into Kautz Creek. About midway in its course the creek plunges over what are known as Pearl Falls.

=Pigeon Creek.= Near the north-central boundary of the Park.

=Pinnacle Peak.= One of the most dominant peaks of the Tatoosh Range in the south-central portion of the Park. Its height is marked at 6,562 feet. On its northern slope lies an ice field called Pinnacle Glacier. The ascent of this peak is attempted by many visitors starting from Paradise Valley.

=Plummer Peak.= Near the south-central boundary of the Park. The name was suggested by Superintendent Ethan Allen in honor of the late Fred G. Plummer, Geographer of the United States Forest Service.

=Point Success.= See Peak Success.

=Prospector Creek.= A tributary of Huckleberry Creek in the northeastern part of the Park.

=Ptarmigan Ridge.= On the northwestern slope of the mountain, lying north of the North Mowich Glacier and south of the Flett and Russell Glaciers. The name was given on account of the large number of ptarmigan families found there each summer. Named by Prof. J. B. Flett and H. H. Garretson.

=Puyallup Cleaver.= The large ridge of rocks on the western slope of the mountain, dividing the Puyallup and Tahoma Glaciers.

=Puyallup Glacier.= On the western slope. Its name comes from the fact that it feeds one of the branches of the Puyallup River.

=Puyallup River.= Two forks of this river rise from the glaciers on the western and southwestern slopes of the mountain. The river empties into Puget Sound at Tacoma Harbor. There have been many spellings of the word in early annals. Rev. Myron Eells says the tribe of Indians living on the river called themselves "Puyallupnamish."

=Pyramid Park.= On the southern slope of the mountain, adjacent to Pyramid Peak. From the park flows a stream called Pyramid Creek, and above the park lies Pyramid Glacier, between South Tahoma and Kautz Glaciers.

=Pyramid Peak.= On the southwestern slope, overlooking Indian Henrys Hunting Ground. It was named by James L. Mosman, of Yelm, because of its resemblance to a perfect pyramid. The same name has been extended to a small park and glacier to the northeastward of the peak. Elevation, 6,937 feet above sea level.

=Rainier.= See Mount Rainier.

=Rampart Ridge.= On the southern slope of the mountain. This ridge is a prominent group of crags rising above Longmire Springs. Elevation, 3,800 feet above sea level. The nearer and higher portion of the ridge is known as The Ramparts. The name is an old one, but who first suggested it has not been ascertained. Elevation of The Ramparts, 4,080 feet above sea level.

=Ranger Creek.= In the northwestern corner of the Park, flowing into Carbon River near the Ranger Station at the boundary of the Park.

=Redstone Peak.= In the north-central portion of the Park, between the headwaters of Van Horn Creek and White River.

=Reese's Camp.= On the south-central slope of the mountain, in Paradise Park. For a number of years John L. Reese has accommodated visitors in a log and canvas hotel with numerous tents for sleeping rooms. The name of his camp has grown so familiar that other names are forgotten. The site of his hotel was once known as Theosophy Ridge. Beginning with 1916, the Rainier National Park Company, a new corporation composed of prominent citizens, will supplant Reese's Camp with a modern hotel and will provide garages, lunch-stations and other conveniences for the tourists. The elevation at Reese's Camp is 5,557 feet above sea level.

=Reflection Lakes.= On the south-central slope of the mountain. These lakes are visited by all who make the trip to Pinnacle Peak from Paradise Valley. Elevation, 4,861 feet above sea level.

=Register Rock.= On the rim of the crater, where there is securely fastened in the rocks a record on which all successful climbers by way of the Gibraltar route sign their names. Elevation, 14,161 feet above sea level, or 247 feet below Columbia Crest, the actual summit.

=Ricksecker Point.= On the southern slope. It was named in honor of Eugene Ricksecker, the engineer, who had charge of building the government road in the Park. Elevation, 4,212 feet above sea level.

=Round Pass.= Near the southwestern boundary of the Park. It is understood that the name is to be changed to Halls Pass in honor of former Superintendent E. S. Hall.

=Rushingwater Creek.= Flows from the Golden Lakes across the west-central boundary of the Park.

=Russell Cliff.= At the summit, east of Liberty Cap. It was named by The Mountaineers Club, during an ascent in 1909, in honor of Professor I. C. Russell.

=Russell Glacier.= On the northern slope, just west of Carbon Glacier. It was named in honor of Professor I. C. Russell.

=Rust Ridge.= In the northwestern corner of the Park.

=St. Andrews Park.= On the southwestern slope of the mountain. Among the first campers in that region was a group of choir boys from St. Mark's (Episcopal) Church of Seattle. It is said that they called the place St. Andrews Park. The stream flowing out of it is now called St. Andrews Creek, and high up on the western slope is St. Andrews Rock, at the entrance to Sunset Amphitheatre.

=St. Elmo Pass.= On the north slope, through the ridge that divides the Winthrop and Inter Glaciers. It was named by Major E. S. Ingraham, who says: "In 1887, I camped on the ridge with my party. During the night a great thunderstorm arose and we could hear the peals of thunder below. A couple of boys who were with the party were sleeping above us. Suddenly they called out that the storm was over because they could see the stars. I, too, saw stars, but I did not think they were real. I got up and began to investigate. What the boys thought were stars was St. Elmo fire which had settled on their alpenstocks. Even the cooking utensils were aflame with it, and our heads shone. I explained the phenomenon and the place was called St. Elmo Pass." Elevation, 7,415 feet above sea level.

=St. Jacobs Lake.= A small lake in the southeastern corner of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained.

=Sarvent Glaciers.= Two small but interesting glaciers on the east-central slope, draining into Fryingpan Creek. They were named in honor of Henry M. Sarvent, the engineer, who made the first detailed map of the mountain.

=Scarface.= Near the north-central boundary of the Park. The name is descriptive. Elevation, 6,100 feet above sea level.

=Seattle Park.= A small but beautiful area in the northwestern portion of the Park between the Russell and Carbon Glaciers. It was named for the City of Seattle.

=Shadow Lake.= On the east-central slope of the mountain, east of Burroughs Mountain. Elevation, 6,200 feet above sea level.

=Shaw Creek.= A tributary of White River near the eastern boundary of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained.

=Silvan Island.= On the south side of Emmons Glacier. Named by Prof. J. B. Flett.

=Silver Falls.= In the southeastern corner of the Park.

=Skyscraper Mountain.= In the north-central portion of the Park, overlooking Berkeley Park. It is a recent name and comes from its supposed resemblance to a modern style of architecture. Elevation, 7,650 feet above sea level.

=Slide Mountain.= In the northeastern corner of the Park. Elevation, 6,630 feet above sea level.

=Sluiskin Falls.= On the southeastern slope, in the upper waters of Paradise River. Named by Stevens and Van Trump, in 1870, in honor of their Indian guide. Elevation, 5,900 feet above sea level.

=Sluiskin Mountain.= In the north-central portion of the Park, overlooking Vernal Park. Evidently an additional, though later, honor for the Indian guide of Stevens and Van Trump. Elevation, 7,015 feet above sea level.

=Snow Lake.= Near the southern boundary of the Park.

=Sotolick Point.= On the southwest slope. The name is spelled "Satulick" on the map. It was suggested by P. B. Van Trump, who says Sotolick was the name of Indian Henry. Elevation, 5,574 feet above sea level.

=South Mowich.= See Mowich.

=South Tahoma.= See Tahoma.

=Spray Falls.= On the northwestern slope of the mountain. The highest and most beautiful falls on the north side of the mountain. It was probably named when the Bailey Willis trail was built by it in 1883. The abundant water breaks into a mass of spray. Elevation, 5,300 feet above sea level.

=Spray Park.= Above Spray Falls lies this extensive and most beautiful park. Its elevation is from 6,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Several lakes drain into Spray Creek, which produces Spray Falls. The name originated at the falls and was later extended to the creek and park.

=Spukwush Creek.= Flowing from Chenuis Mountain to Carbon River in the northwestern portion of the Park. The name seems to be Indian, but its origin has not been ascertained.

=Squaw Lake.= On the southwestern slope of the mountain, near the entrance to Indian Henrys Hunting Ground. It is said that the Squaw camped there while her hunter husband went further up the slopes for his game.

=Starbo Camp.= In Glacier Basin, on the northern slope of the mountain. It is named for the miner who has maintained a camp there for a number of years. Further information is given under the head of Glacier Basin.

=Steamboat Prow.= On the north slope of the mountain. The appropriateness of this name is apparent to any who have visited the upper ice fields of the Winthrop and Emmons Glaciers. The pointed cliff seems to be buffeting a sea of ice. Elevation, 9,500 feet above sea level.

=Stevens Glacier.= On the southeastern slope, adjoining Paradise Glacier. The name is in honor of General Hazard Stevens who, with P. B. Van Trump, made the first ascent of the mountain in 1870. The creek flowing from the glacier is called Stevens Creek; its deep bed is Stevens Canyon, and the overlooking crags are Stevens Ridge.

=Stevens Peak.= Near the southern boundary of the Park. The name is probably an additional honor for General Hazard Stevens. Elevation, 6,511 feet above sea level.

=Success Glacier.= On the southern slope of the mountain, flowing into Kautz Glacier. Between Success Glacier and South Tahoma Glacier lies a ridge called Success Cleaver. For the origin of the name see Peak Success.

=Summer Land.= One of the mountain's most beautiful parks, on the east-central slope, above Fryingpan Creek. It was named by Major E. S. Ingraham in 1888.

=Sunbeam Falls.= On the southern slope of the mountain, in a tributary of Stevens Creek.

=Sunrise Ridge.= Appropriately named as being at the northeastern edge of the Park. A stream flowing from the ridge is called Sunrise Creek. Elevation, about 6,000 feet above sea level.

=Sunset Amphitheatre.= A huge cirque extending up toward Liberty Cap on the western side of the mountain. From it flow the Puyallup and Tahoma Glaciers.

=Sunset Park.= So named because it extends to the west-central boundary of the Park.

=Sweet Peak.= In the northwestern corner of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained. Elevation, 4,500 feet above sea level.

=Sylvia Falls.= On the southeastern slope, in Stevens Creek. Ben Longmire, who is quite a wag, says: "Bill Stafford named some falls, Sylvia Falls, after his sweetheart, and she has not spoken to him since."

=Tahoma Glacier.= On the southwest slope of the mountain, beginning at Sunset Amphitheatre and draining into the South Fork of the Puyallup River. Just south of this glacier is another called South Tahoma Glacier, which drains into Tahoma Creek, which in turn flows into the Nisqually River at the southwestern corner of the Park. The name is one of the forms of the word Tacoma. Stevens and Van Trump gave the name to what is now known as Liberty Cap at the summit. The name is also applied to a most prominent peak on the eastern slope of the mountain. See Little Tahoma.

=Tamanos Mountain.= Near the east-central boundary of the Park. The name is apparently one way of spelling the Chinook jargon word meaning "spirit."

=Tato Falls.= On the southern slope, near the foot of Nisqually Glacier. The name was suggested by Superintendent Ethan Allen.

=Tatoosh Range.= Near the south-central boundary of the Park. The Indian word is said to mean "nourishing breast." A stream from the mountains is called Tatoosh Creek. Highest elevation, at Unicorn Peak, 6,939 feet above sea level.

=Tenas Creek.= Flowing from Mount Wow across the boundary in the southwest corner of the Park. The name is from the Chinook jargon meaning "little."

=The Burn.= Near the southern boundary of the Park. The name is too suggestive of a departed forest.

=The Castle.= A part of the Tatoosh Range, in the southern portion of the Park.

=The Fan.= On the southeastern slope, just south of the lower part of Cowlitz Glacier. It is a lake whose name was suggested by its shape.

=The Palisades.= A ridge jutting northwestward from Sourdough Mountains, in the northeastern part of the Park.

=The Ramparts.= See Rampart Ridge.

=The Wedge.= On the north slope of the mountain, between the Winthrop and Emmons Glaciers. A large mass with Steamboat Prow at the upper or "sharpened" edge. Named by Prof. I. C. Russell and his party in 1896.

=Theosophy Ridge.= See Reese's Camp.

=Tilicum Point.= On the northwestern slope of the mountain, a part of Ptarmigan Ridge. The name is from the Chinook jargon, meaning "friend." Elevation, 6,654 feet above sea level.

=Tirzah Peak.= A portion of Chenuis Mountain near the northwestern boundary of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained. Elevation, 5,212 feet above sea level.

=Tokaloo Rock.= On the western slope, at the lower end of Puyallup Cleaver. Origin of name not ascertained. Elevation, 7,675 feet above sea level.

=Tolmie Peak.= In the northwestern corner of the Park. It is named in honor of Dr. William Fraser Tolmie, the Hudson's Bay Company surgeon, who was the first white man to approach the mountain. It was in 1833 that he climbed this peak. In 1883, Bailey Willis wrote: "The point remained unvisited for fifty years; last summer I was able to identify it and named it Tolmie Peak." A near-by stream is called Tolmie Creek. Elevation of the peak, 5,939 feet above sea level.

=Trixie Falls.= On the southeastern slope, in Cowlitz Park. The name was suggested by Superintendent Ethan Allen in honor of one of the daughters of former Superintendent E. S. Hall.

=Tumtum Peak.= In the southwestern corner of the Park, visible to all on the road to and from Longmire. The name is from the Chinook jargon, meaning "heart," and was suggested by the form of the mountain. Elevation, 4,678 feet above sea level.

=Twin Falls.= On the southeastern slope of the mountain, in the lower part of Cowlitz Park.

=Tyee Peak.= A part of Chenuis Mountain in the northwestern portion of the Park. The name is from the Chinook jargon, meaning "chief." Elevation, 6,030 feet above sea level.

=Unicorn Peak.= Where the Tatoosh Range approaches the south-central boundary of the Park, this peak rises to a height of 6,939 feet. On its western flank is an ice field called Unicorn Glacier.

=Van Horn Creek.= On the northern slope, toward the boundary of the Park. The name was suggested by Thomas E. O'Farrell, Park Ranger, in honor of Rev. F. J. Van Horn, one of The Mountaineers' party of 1909. The beautiful falls in the creek received the same name. Elevation of the falls, about 4,400 feet above sea level.

=Van Trump Glacier.= On the southern slope. It is named in honor of P. B. Van Trump who, with General Hazard Stevens, made the first ascent of the mountain in 1870. The creek flowing from the glacier has the same name, and the flower-strewn region above the creek is called Van Trump Park. Elevation of the park, about 5,500 feet above sea level.

=Vernal Park.= In the north-central portion of the Park, just south of Sluiskin Mountain.

=Virginia Peak.= Near the northwestern boundary of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained. Elevation, 4,934 feet above sea level.

=Wahpenayo Peak.= Between the Tatoosh Range and the south-central boundary of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained. Elevation, 6,234 feet above sea level.

=Wallace Peak.= A portion of Chenuis Mountain near the northwestern boundary of the Park. Origin of name not ascertained. Elevation, 5,800 feet above sea level.

=Wapowety Cleaver.= On the southern slope, overlooking Kautz Glacier. Mr. Van Trump says that Wapowety was the Indian guide of Lieutenant A. V. Kautz during his attempted ascent in 1857. Elevation, about 9,500 feet above sea level.

=Washington Cascades.= On the southern slope of the mountain, in the Paradise River above Narada Falls.

=Wauhaukaupauken Falls.= On the east slope, in Ohanapecosh Park. This is one of the remarkable features of the mountain streams. The meaning and origin of the Indian name have not been ascertained.

=Weer Rock.= On the western slope. The name does not appear on the map, but it is said to have been agreed upon as an honor to J. H. Weer, of Tacoma, who has done extensive exploration work upon and around the mountain. He was leader of The Mountaineers, in 1915, when the first large party encircled the mountain at snow-line.

=White River.= This river drains most of the glaciers on the northeastern slopes of the mountain. With a grand sweep around the mountain, the river flows through its valley to unite with the Black River near Seattle, becoming the Duwamish River, which empties into Puget Sound at Seattle Harbor. Its name came from the glacial character of the water.

=White River Park.= Lying between Sourdough Mountains and Sunrise Ridge in the northeastern part of the Park.

=Whitman Glacier.= On the eastern slope of the mountain flowing from the side of Little Tahoma. The name is in honor of Doctor Marcus Whitman, who gave his life as a missionary among the Indians. He, his wife, and twelve others were murdered by the Indians near Walla Walla in 1847. The ridge of rocks east of the glacier is called Whitman Crest.

=Wigwam Camp.= In Indian Henrys Hunting Ground, on the southwestern slope of the mountain. For several years a tent and log-cabin camp has been maintained here by George B. Hall for the accommodation of visitors. Elevation, 5,300 feet above sea level.

=Willis Wall.= On the northern face of the mountain at the head of Carbon Glacier. The great vertical cliff, 3,600 feet high, over which avalanches of snow crash throughout the summer months, is one of the attractive features of the great mountain. It was named in honor of Bailey Willis, on account of his extensive explorations in 1883.

=Williwakas Glacier.= On the southeastern slope of the mountain, flowing from Paradise Glacier. The stream draining the glacier is known as Williwakas Creek. Origin of name not ascertained.

=Wilson Glacier.= On the southern slope, above Nisqually Glacier. It was named in honor of A. D. Wilson, who, with S. F. Emmons, made the second ascent of the mountain in 1870.

=Windy Gap.= In the northern portion of the Park, between the ridges of Chenuis and Crescent Mountains.

=Winthrop Glacier.= On the northern slope, where its head joins that of Emmons Glacier. It is named in honor of Theodore Winthrop, who passed close by the mountain in 1853 and recorded his observations in his book entitled "The Canoe and the Saddle." The same name is given to a creek that drains this glacier into White River. The glacier was formerly mapped as White Glacier.

=Wright Creek.= A tributary of Fryingpan Creek, taking its rise near the Cowlitz Chimneys, on the eastern slope of the mountain. Origin of name not ascertained.

=Yakima Park.= On the northeastern slope, on the shoulders of Sourdough Mountains. The name is that of a tribe of Indians living east of the Cascade Mountains. It has there been used as the name of a county and a city.

=Yellowstone Cliffs.= In the northwestern portion of the Park, at the southeastern end of Chenuis Mountain.

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