CHAPTER II

1516-1627

COLONIZATION

UNDER THE EARLY TRADING COMPANIES OF NEW FRANCE

FRENCH COLONIZATION, A CHRISTIANIZING MOVEMENT--THE CROSS AND CROWN--ROBERVAL'S COMMISSION TO COLONIZE CANADA AND HOCHELAGA--FEUDALISM PROJECTED--CRIMINALS AND MALEFACTORS TO BE SENT AS COLONISTS--JACQUES CARTIER SAILS IN ADVANCE--CHARLESBOURG ROYAL, THE FIRST COLONY, STARTED--CARTIER SAILS FOR HOCHELAGA AND PASSES TUTONAGUY--CARTIER SAILS SECRETLY FOR FRANCE--CHARLESBOURG A FAILURE--DEATH OF CARTIER--HIS GREAT NEPHEW, NOEL, VISITS THE GREAT SAULT IN 1557--THE FIRST PRIVATE MONOPOLY TO NOEL AND OTHERS--THE FIRST ROYAL TRADE MONOPOLY TO DE LA ROCHE--THE EDICT OF NANTES--CHAUVIN, A HUGUENOT, SECURES A TRADE MONOPOLY--TADOUSSAC, THE COURT OF KING PETAUD--EYMARD DE CHASTES RECEIVES A COMMISSION AND ENGAGES THE SERVICES OF A ROYAL GEOGRAPHER, SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN--CHAMPLAIN'S FIRST VISIT TO THE SAULT--DE MONTS, SUCCEEDING DE CHASTES, RETAINS CHAMPLAIN AS HIS LIEUTENANT--QUEBEC CHOSEN BY CHAMPLAIN--CHAMPLAIN BECOMES A COMPANY PROMOTER AND MANAGING DIRECTOR, THE SHAREHOLDERS BEING MOSTLY HUGUENOTS, THE PRINCE DE CONDE, GOVERNOR GENERAL--CHAMPLAIN'S BLUNDER IN ALLYING HIMSELF WITH THE ALGONQUINS AND HURONS AGAINST THE IROQUOIS, AFTERWARDS THE CAUSE OF IROQUOIS HOSTILITIES AGAINST THE FUTURE MONTREAL--THE COMING OF THE "RECOLLECTS"--CHAMPLAIN'S ATTEMPT AT A REAL COLONIZING SETTLEMENT AT QUEBEC--THE JESUITS ARRIVE--THE COMPANY OF ONE HUNDRED ASSOCIATES 23