CHAPTER XXV.

=VISE WORK.=

=Definition of Vise Work= 62 =The Vise= 62 The height of vise jaws 62 The wood-worker's vise 62 The Stephens vise 62 Swivelling vises 62 The Prentiss vise 62 Leg vise with parallel motion 63 Various forms of vise clamps 64 =Hammers= 64 The effects of the speed of a hammer blow 65 Experiments by Robert Sabine on the duration of a blow 65 Machinists' hand hammers 66 Shapes of hammer eyes 66 The proper method of putting handles in 67 Paning of pening hammers 68 The plate straightener's and saw maker's hammers 69 The principles involved in straightening plates 69 The dog-head hammer 69 The effects of hammer blows upon plates 69 Saw straightening and saw hammering 70, 71 Machinist's sledge hammer 71 The file cutter's hammers 71 Riveter's hammer 71 The cooper's hammer 71 The mallet 72 Pening or paning 72 Applications of pening to straighten work or refit it 72 Riveting crank pins 73 =Chisels= 73 Forms of bar steel for chisels 73 The widths and thicknesses of the cutting ends of 74 Angles of the cutting edges of 74 Shapes of the cutting edges of 74 Chisel holders 74 Cape or cross-cut 74 Round nosed 75 The cow-mouthed 75 Curved or oil groove 76 The diamond point chisel 76 Applications of machinists' chisels 76 The carpenter's chisel 77 The angle of presentation of chisels 77 =Plane Blades= 77 The form of, necessary to produce a given shape of moulding 77 Finding the shape of knives, plane blades, or cutters necessary to produce given shapes upon the work 78 to 83 Scale for marking out the necessary shapes of moulding knives 83 Instruments for 84 =Files= 85 Shapes of file teeth 85 The cut of files 85 Sizes and kinds of flat files 86 Groubet files 87 Rasps, the kinds and cut of 88 The names of files 88, 89 Round, half-round, and three-square files 90 Knife files, cross files, reaper files, tumbler files 91 The selection of files 91 Putting handles on files 92 Instruction on holding files 92 Slim files 92 The warping of files 93 Using bent files 93 Cross filing 93 Draw filing 94 Cleaning files 94 Filing out round corners 95 Using round files 95 Files for soft metals 95 Resharpening files 95 The Sand Blast process 96 =Red Marking= for vise work 96 =Hack Saw= 97 =Screw Drivers= and their proper shape 97 =Scrapers= for true surfaces 97 Angles for the facets of scrapers 97 Various forms of scrapers 97 =Reamers= 98 The spacing of reamer teeth 98 Odd and even numbers of reamer teeth 98 Adjustable reamers 98 Taper reamers 99 Reamers for framing 99 Half-round reamers 99 Square reamers 99