Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400

Plato’s distrust of rhetoric is a permanent reminder. It is so significantly typical that it recurs throughout the history of education, and must recur. Again and again educatio...

For the composition of the whole speech sophistic generally had little care. That planned sequence, that leading on of the mind from point to point, which is the habit of great...

The long reign of sophistic reduced rhetoric to style.[65] That this was the preoccupation even of the earlier sophistic we may guess from the derision of the _Phædrus_ and from...

With this elaborate pedagogical tradition a clean break is made by St. Augustine. The fourth book of his _De doctrina christiana_[2] has historical significance in the early yea...

The need of the Church and of the Roman world for such forward counsels, the tenacity of sophistic among reactionaries and conformists, are amply exhibited by the last days of R...

Lack of literary vitality must show itself conspicuously in poetry. Claudian[1] at the end of the fourth century is typical of the fashionable versified rhetoric. Poet of those...

[14] Puech, however, calls Prudentius in the _Peristephanon_ “l’un des derniers représentants de la déclamation latine,” and perhaps with no more warrant, “le prédécesseur des p...

Hibernia, Northumbria, Francia were successively the seats of learning in the period of readjustment after the invasions. Men born to Celtic speech, to English, to Frankish lear...

Poole Poole (Reginald Lane), _Illustrations of the history of medieval thought_, London, 2d ed., 1920. See also his important biography of John of Salisbury in Dict. Nat. Biog.,...

i-vi. The opening takes occasion from certain opponents of the Trivium.[20] “When _logica_ was derided, and its envious opponent provoked me, in spite of my indignation and prot...

_Proem._ “The course of the former book has sufficiently, I think, disengaged the truth that _grammatica_ is not useless, and that without it not only eloquence falls short, but...

divided philosophy into two parts: natural, or physical, and moral, or ethical.[33] But the difficulties arising from insufficient control of discourse “demonstrated the need of...

i-iv. A survey of the teaching of categoriæ, prædicamenta, and interpretatio as preliminary begins with general advice (890 D). “The exposition of every book should be such as t...

In contrast to the ten long chapters of III, IV is divided into forty-two short ones: i-v, _analytica_ in general; vi-viii, _demonstrativa_; ix-xx, the progress of knowledge: se...

indicated by John. For _historia_, _argumentum_, _fabula_ see the index. That these were elementary school exercises suggests that the subject of this sentence (_Illi_) refers n...

[38] This is pointed out by Colson in his edition of Quintilian’s first book, Cambridge, 1924, page 1, note 2. It is the stranger that the quotations should not have been notice...

Mari Mari (G.), _I trattati medievali di ritmica latina_, Milan, 1899, pages 35-80, for the latter part of the _Poetria_ of Johannes de Garlandia; for the former part, Romanisch...

[37] Utuntur notarii domini pape, 928. Fierville, in the study mentioned above, note 2, finds: (1) stilus gallicus seu Aurelianensis, based on stress (i.e., rhythmic), (2) stilu...

Gaudenzi Gaudenzi (A.), _Sulla cronologia delle opere dei dettatori bolognesi da Buoncompagno a Bene di Lucca_, Bulletino dell’ istituto storico italiano, 14 (1895): 85. See als...

_Dictamen_ is defined with the usual inclusiveness as apt and elegant writing, inseparable from subject matter, depending on native ability, teaching, and practise, using to som...

The second book, on stylistic ornament (_ornatus_, _dignitas_) is devoted to the traditional figures. These are the same list from the _Rhetorica ad Herennium_ as serves for the...

The three kinds of _dictamen_ are: (1) prose, i.e., free composition (_sermo communis_, or _solutus_); (2) metrical; (3) rhythmical (_genus rithmicum_), which observes syllabic...

The reader’s sympathy is engaged by the writer’s reference to himself, to his opponent,[29] to his reader, or to the occasion. According to the nature of the subject, the _exord...

“Since I know that some will find the multiplicity of the preceding burdensome, let the multiplicity be reduced in this book to paucity in consideration for the unlettered (_rud...

The best English summary of the technic of _cursus_ is Poole, Chapter IV, which also reviews Valois, Havet, W. Meyer, and Clark. The best indication of the significance of _curs...

Douais Douais (C.), _Essai sur l’organisation des études dans l’Ordre des Frères Prêcheurs au xiiie et au xive siècle_ (1216-1342). Prèmiere province de Provence. Province de To...

contemptu_), and for its text, “Vanity of vanities; all is vanity.” Distinguishing the vanity of this world as thus typically threefold, Alain quotes _Romans_ and the Psalms and...

NOTE. This chapter indicates the poetic animating certain typical or outstanding literary developments in the vernaculars. Its intention is both historical review in this single...