Mechanical Devices in the Home

=303. Hydrometer=. A hydrometer is used in gaging the density of liquid. This instrument consists of a closed glass tube which is enlarged at the lower end and filled with some...

=22. Purpose of Oil Stoves.= Oil stoves are designed for the comfort of the woman who cannot have a gas or an electric stove. They consist of tank, feed pipe and burners (Figs....

The gas stove is the simplest stove made. It consists of a burner or burners of different shapes mounted on a suitable frame. The best example of a gas burner is a pipe with hol...

A brief explanation of stoves is given in this chapter to help the woman with a new stove or with an old one which she does not understand so that she may manage it without wast...

=256. Construction of Typewriter.= The typewriter is a machine for printing letters (Fig. 145). The letters making the imprint are attached to shafts which can each swing to one...

=245. Operation and Care of Lawn Mowers.= The wheels of the lawn mower permit it both to move easily over the ground and turn the knives which cut the grass (Fig. 139).

Small machines on the market, patterned after the hotel type, are giving good results for home use. When using these machines, place the dishes in them in the manner directed an...

=267. Gasoline Engines.= A gasoline engine (Fig. 151) should be operated out of doors or in a well-ventilated room, except in cases where the exhaust pipe is carried thru the wa...

=47. The Fireless Cooker.= The fireless cooker is a box or can having a diameter somewhat larger than that of the largest vessel to be placed in it. The space left around the ve...

=174. Construction of Mangles.= Mangles are made of rollers rotating in the same direction, one moving faster than the other, set close together so that they press the clothes s...

=185. Principle Upon Which Vacuum Cleaner Works.= The principle of a vacuum cleaner is that, thru suction, dust and dirt are drawn from the floor or other surfaces into some con...

=56. Principle Upon Which a Furnace Works.= The success of warm-air heating depends on a natural circulation of air thruout all the rooms which are to be heated. The air is the...

=234. Different Types of Sewing Machines.= There are two types of sewing machines in use--the chain-stitch and the lock-stitch. Sewing machines are made to run by hand, foot or...

The turning of the large wheel turns the small wheel as many times as number of cogs on the small wheel is contained in the number on the large wheel (see Fig. 116). To get even...

=70. Equipment for Steam Heat.= A steam-heating system consists of a boiler, a fire pot, pipes from the boiler leading to the radiators, and radiators (Fig. 35). On some systems...

=87. Kinds of Electric Lamps in Use.= The electric lamps on the market now are either tungsten (also called Mazda) or metallized carbon (called gem carbon) lamps. Of all lightin...

=124. Comparative Efficiency of Iceless Refrigerators.= In some localities, where it is difficult to get ice often enough to pay for having a refrigerator, other devices have to...

=94. Construction of Mantles.= A mantle is a device made of thread saturated with some fireproof material like a mixture of thorium and cerium which will glow, giving off a whit...

=142. Construction of the Pressure Tank.= The tank is tight and strong, so that it will hold air and water under pressure. The tank originally has some air in it. When the water...

=116. Principles of Refrigeration.= Refrigerators (Fig. 56) are designed to prevent the rapid spoiling of food by keeping it too cool for the rapid growth of bacteria. They vary...

=77. Kinds of Gas Heaters.= There are several types of gas heaters--those using an illuminating flame and reflector, those fitted with a Bunsen burner and an asbestos back, and...

=156. Construction of Water Closets.= The water closet is a device for the disposal of excrement. The closet includes a tank of water for flushing the waste from the bowl to the...

=278. Gasoline-Gas Plants.= Gasoline-gas plants are devices for generating gas from gasoline. The gas is a mixture of air and gasoline vapor. It is made by air being forced thru...

=63. Equipment for Hot-Water Heat.= The hot-water system of heating a house consists of a boiler in the basement or below the level of the lowest radiator. This boiler is design...

=73. Construction of Fireplace.= Fireplaces are an enlargement in the base of a chimney where fire is built. The upper part of the fireplace is sloped forward, and, in some case...

=36. Heating Unit of Electric Stove.= The heating unit consists of coils of wire or a plate of metal thru which the current flows, meeting resistance and producing heat. If the...

=192. Materials from Which Utensils Are Made.= Since there is considerable choice in utensils made from different materials, the housekeeper may like to know something about the...

=198. Fruit and Vegetable Parers with Knives.= Parers of the type with a knife have a fork-like device on which the fruit or vegetable is held while a knife blade, attached to a...

=110. Gravity Lamps.= Gravity lamps have the tank elevated above the burner so that the force of gravity brings the fluid to the burner. It is usually a little to one side of th...

Separators should be set in a bright, dry, airy place free from dust and dirt. Near the separator should be a convenient place for airing and sunning the tin parts which come in...

=160. Kinds of Washing Machines.= Washing machines are tools to help remove dirt from clothes either by friction or by forcing water thru them. They are known by such names as s...

=299. Mercury Thermometers.= There are two kinds of thermometers in use--the Fahrenheit and the Centigrade. Since the thermometer is used now in cooking, the housewife often has...

=152. Relative Value of Cesspool and Septic Tank.= Sewer pipes for private water systems usually drain into cesspools or septic tanks (Figs. 81, and 81-_a_). The waste goes thru...

=293. Different Kinds of Meters.= The housewife has need to be familiar with three kinds of meters--water, gas and electric. These are devices for measuring water, gas or electr...

Window weights hung over a pulley in the top of the window sash work on the same principle as dumbwaiters--the weights help in raising the window. The only care needed is to rep...

=42. Alcohol Stoves.= Alcohol stoves are made only in small sizes for light housekeeping. There are three general types of these--those which burn with a wick, those which gener...

In the ordinary lamp, the bowl for holding the oil is placed below the burner (Fig. 51). The wick carries the oil from the bowl into the burner by capillary attraction--one end...

Each car has its special features, but the basic principles of operation and control are the same for all makes. Let us consider, first, the control of the machine on the road.

=286. Graduate and Measuring Cup.= Graduate holding up to four fluid ounces is helpful to use to check up liquids bought in bottles. The standard measuring cup referred to in mo...

=136. Suction Pumps.= A pump is a device for lifting water. The pumps in common use work on the principle that water which is under the pressure of air will rise to fill a vacuu...

=169. Roller Wringer.= The kind of wringer in most general use is the one made of two rollers rotating in opposite directions, the clothes being drawn in between the two by fric...

=283. Equal-Arm Balances.= Scales are devices for determining the weight of objects. Balances--one form of scales--are made of two arms of equal lengths and supplied with discs...

=262. Definition of Motor.= A motor is a device for utilizing the power stored in gasoline, electricity or elevated water for doing work. The structure of the motor depends upon...

=133. Selecting a Fan.= With the coming of electricity into the home, fans have become practical home devices. Do not buy a fan or other electrical device without ascertaining w...

22. Purpose of oil stoves. 23. Mechanical parts of kerosene stove. 24. The burner. 25. The chimney. 26. Lighting the stove. 27. Management of the flame. 28. Adjustment and care...

9. Burners. 10. Simmerers. 11. Air mixer. 12. Regulating the gas. 13. Lighting the stove. 14. Cleaning the stove. 15. Accidents with gas stove. 16. Pilot light. 17. Pilot for to...

245. Operation and care of lawn mowers. 246. Storing mowers. 247. Scissors and shears. 248. Principles upon which incubator works. 249. The body of the incubator. 250. Incubator...

77. Kinds of gas heaters. 78. Bunsen burner and asbestos-back heater. 79. Lighting gas stoves. 80. Care of gas stoves. 81. Illuminating flame and bright metal reflector heaters....

141. Pressure tanks. 142. Construction of the pressure tank. 143. Care of pressure tanks. 144. Hot-water kitchen tank. 145. Instantaneous water heaters. 146. Heaters for tanks....

267. Gasoline engines. 268. Figuring speed of pulleys. 269. Operating the engine. 270. Points in caring for engine. 271. Generating electricity for homes. 272. Batteries. 273. L...

47. The fireless cooker. 48. The stones of fireless cookers. 49. Heating the stones. 50. Care of the cooker. 51. Other devices belonging to cookers. 52. Directions for using the...

116. Principles of refrigeration. 117. The construction of refrigerators. 118. Lining refrigerators. 119. Insulation of refrigerators. 120. Circulation in refrigerators. 121. Dr...

94. Construction of mantles. 95. Care of mantles. 96. Fixtures for burning gas. 97. Adjustment. 98. Care of lamps. 99. Lighting a gas light. 100. Cold-process gasoline gas. 101....

174. Construction of mangles. 175. Cold mangles. 176. Heated mangles. 177. Care and use of mangles. 178. Flat, or sadirons. 179. Charcoal irons. 180. Electric irons. 181. Gas ir...

198. Fruit and vegetable parers and knives. 199. Parers which grate off skins. 200. Seeders and Stoners. 201. Cherry stoner. 202. Grinders. 203. Choppers or meat grinders. 204....

185. Principle upon which vacuum cleaners work. 186. Different kinds of vacuum cleaners. 187. Nozzle of vacuum cleaner. 188. Cautions in using vacuum cleaners. 189. Difference b...

87. Kinds of electric lamps in use. 88. Electrical measurements. 89. Carbon lamps. 90. Mazda or tungsten lamps. 91. Selecting lamps for a room. 92. Effect of color schemes upon...

124. Comparative efficiency of iceless refrigerators. 125. Iceless refrigerator. 126. Small cooler. 127. Covered pail. 128. Unglazed earthenware. 129. Cooling with running water...

160. Kinds of washing machines. 161. Suction machines. 162. Cylinder washers. 163. Rotary washers. 164. Machine with an oscillating washing device. 165. Oscillating washers. 166...

109. Classification of lamps. 110. Gravity lamps. 111. Lighting the gravity lamp. 112. Pressure lamps. 113. Gasoline lamps with wicks. 114. Alcohol lamps with wicks. 115. Lighti...