Chapter 2

The lamb is a dumb animal. He climbed the hill to the tomb, but his limbs became numb. Comb your hair, but do not thumb your book. Bombs are now commonly called "shells." The debtor, who was a subtle man, doubted his word, and gave not a crumb of comfort. Take your psalter and select a joyous psalm. His answer was, "Pshaw!"

Lesson 33.

Sounds of igh, oa, shr, and thr.

nigh load coax shrank thrash thigh oats hoax shrewd threat fight boat oath shrift throng light oak coach shrike throve flight foal float shrunk thrust fright goat poach thrill throat tight soap hoarse three thrum

Lesson 34.

Long and short Sounds of A, and short Sound of E.

gain a bash' dis patch' pre tend' nail ca bal' dis tract' re flect' taint ca nal' ex pand' re fresh' trail cra vat' a bet' re lent' aim de camp' be deck' re ject' maim pro tract' be held' re quest' train re cant' be quest' re bel' strain re fract' de fect' re gress' chain re lax' e lect' re press' paint at tack' e rect' sub ject quaint at tract' e vent' neg'lect'

Lesson 35.

Short Sounds of Vowels under the Accent.

ac'ci dent ben'e fit dif'fer ent ad'a mant brev'i ty dif'fi cult am'i ty clem'en cy fil'a ment an'i mal des'ti ny in'cre ment an'nu al neg'li gent in'do lent can'is ter pend'u lum his'to ry flat'ter y rem'e dy in'ju ry fam'i ly reg'u lar pil'lo ry lax'i ty rel'e vant sim'i lar man'i fest pen'i tence tit'u lar man'i fold pen'e trate tim'or ous

Lesson 36.

SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS, DIPHTHONGS, AND CONSONANTS.

In this lesson, and in the pages immediately following, will be found forty-three exercises on the various sounds of the English language. Some of these have been given already, but are repeated here for the more thorough instruction of the pupil Let the teacher carefully discriminate between the different sounds of the vowels, and fully drill the scholars in their correct enunciation.

1. Regular Long Sound of A, marked a.

make la'tent brave a base'ment safe cham'ber crave a bate'ment gaze pas'try grave ad ja'cent saint man'gy shave a wa'ken

Lesson 37.

2. Regular Short Sound of A, marked a.

span ad'der crack can'di date trap an'vil gland cal'i co plat ban'ish slack grat'i tude sham bran'dy plaid mag'is trate

3. Sound of A before r in such words as air, care, marked a.

dare af fair' chair trans par'ent rare de spair' prayer for bear'ance flare be ware' scare par'ent age glare com pare' square care'ful ness

Lesson 38.

4. Sound of the Italian A, as in arm, marked a.

farm ar'bor guard ar'gu ment harm ar'mor daunt ar'ti choke barn bar'ber harsh car'di nal yarn car'go jaunt car'pen ter

5. Sound of A in certain words before ff, ft, ss, st, sk, sp, and in a few before nce and nt, marked a, as in staff.

mass chance gasp chan'cel lor class pass'port quaff chan'cer y vast mas'ter chant craft'i ness task graft'ed prance ad van'tage

Lesson 39.

6. Sound of broad A. as in all, marked a.

thrall de bauch' drawl au'di ence tall de fault' pawn laud'a ble wart de fraud' sprawl plaus'i ble awe as sault' warmth talk'a tive

7. Short Sound of broad A, as in what, marked a.

wan wan'ton squash squal'id ness wand wan'der squab was'ish ly squat squan'der squad watch'ful ness wat'ch wal'low swamp what ev'er

Lesson 40.

8. Regular Long Sound of E, as in eve, marked e.

feel fe'male wean de'i ty keel pee'vish these de'cen cy glee que'ry priest e gre'gious deem nei'ther cheer fre'quen cy

9. Regular Short Sound of E, as in end, marked e.

ebb pen'ny sledge, en'e my fret sec'ond spread rec'og nize helm ten'der knelt len'i ty them rec'tor cleft mem'o ry

Lesson 41.

10. Sound of E as in there, marked e, This corresponds with the sound of a in care.

ne'er par terre' where up on' where ere long' where un to' there of' there by' where a bouts' heir'ess where at' where with al'

11. Sound of E like a, as in prey, marked e.

they neigh'bor neigh'bor hood whey hei'nous sur vey'or freight o bey' pur vey'ance deign in veigh' con vey'ance

Lesson 42.

12. Sound of E before r, verging toward the sound of u in urge, and marked e.

term er'mine terse ter'ma gant pearl ear'ly merge per'son al err per'fect yearn mer'chan dise learn mer'cer swerve ser'mon ize

13. Regular Long Sound of I. as in ice, marked i.

fife di'et Christ brib'er y crime qui'et spice di'a dem shrine fi'at strive li'a ble thrive pli'ant slime i'ci cle

Lesson 43.

14. Regular Short Sound of I, as in ill, marked i.

sting piv'ot spring dif'fi dent bliss splin'ter twitch pin'a fore inch tin'der thick in'fa my strip wick'ed sphinx lit'ur gy

15. Sound of I like that of long e, as in pique, marked i.

pe tite' fa tigue' mag a zine' an tique' in trigue' sub ma rine' ca price' po lice' ver'di gris fas cine' va lise' quar'an tine

Lesson 44.

16. Sound of I before r, verging toward u in urge, marked i.

stir birth'right girth girl'ish ness first gird'le thirst mirth'ful ness firm irk'some firth thir'ti eth skirt vir'gin smirch flirt'ing ly

17. Regular Long Sound of O, as in old, marked o.

host po'et chrome fo'lio smoke to'ry blown glo'ri fy sport lo'cate scold o'pi ate slope so'lo droll po'et ry

Lesson 45.

18. Regular Short Sound of O, as in not, marked o.

bond mon'ster croft lon'gi tude frost pot'ter sconce prompt'i tude lodge lodg'ment mosque nom'i nate prong yon'der frond ob'li gate

19. Sound of O like short u, as in dove, marked o.

month blood'shed sponge cov'ert ly glove love'ly tongue cov'e nant shove noth'ing flood broth'er hood front cov'et blood moth'er Iy

Lesson 46.

20. Sound of O like oo long, as in do, marked o.

whom tour'ist group who ev'er move rou tine' prove shoe'-mak er tour through out' douche en tomb'ment shoe en tomb' youth mov'ing ly

21. Sound of O like oo short, as in wolf, marked o.

wolf bo'som em bo'som wol ver ene' would wom'an un bo'som wom'an ly could wolf'ish wom'an hood wom'an ish should wolf'-net worst'ed wolf'ish ly

Lesson 47.

22. Sound of 0 like a (broad a), as in form, marked o.

born tort'ure corpse form'al ist horn fork'ed thorn cor'mo rant morse' for'mer scorn hor'ta tive lorn for'ward scorch mor'ti fy

23. Another mark has been added in this book to indicate a sound of O where it precedes r, as in work, marked o.

work wor'thy worse wor'thi ly word wor'ship world world'li ness worm ef'fort whorl wor'ship er wort world'ly whort work'ing-man

Lesson 48.

24. Regular Long Sound of double 0, as in moon, marked 00.

tool moon'shine groom boor'ish ness noon noon'tide school gloom'i ly spool bloom'ing soothe room'i ness groove gloom'y smooth sooth'say ing

25. Regular Short Sound of double O, as in wool, marked oo.

wool hood'wink brook coop'er age look look'out crook rook'er y rook wood'land shook book'-bind er hood wool'ly stood crook'ed ness

Lesson 49.

26. Regular Long Sound of U, as in mute. marked u.

sue beau'ty deuce beau'ti ful lieu feud'al sluice cu'ti cle nude cu'bic juice mu'ti ny suit flu'id fugue pu'ri ty

27. Regular Short Sound of U, as in but, marked u.

lungs slum'ber clump but'ter y plush rus'set stunt cus'to dy dunce duch'ess skulk 1ux'u ry trump scuf'fle young sum'ma ry

Lesson 50.

28. Sound of U when preceded by r in the same syllable, as in rude, marked u. It is the same sound as oo.

true ru'mor prune cru'di ty crude ru'ral truce rhru'ma tism cruse truf fle spruce pru'dent ly rule bru'tish cruise pru'ri ent

29. Sound of U like that of short oo, as in put, marked u.

bull pul'pit ful'ly ful fill'ment pull pul'ley bush'y bul'le tin put cush'ion puss'y bull'ion ist push bul'wark butch'er bush'i ness

Lesson 51.

30. Sound of U before r in such words as urge, marked u.

urge jour'ney spurn ur'gen cy burn stur'geon nurse curl'i ness spur church'man curst jour'nal ist curb bur'gess burst hurt'ful ness

31. Regular Long Sound of Y, as in fly, marked y.

ap ply' ty'rant pyre dy'nas ty de ny' hy'dra type an'ti type re ly' ty'phus fyke a sy'lum re ply' ty'ro chyme hy e'na

Lesson 52.

32. Regular Short Sound of Y, as in hymn, marked y.

pyx sys'tem lymph sym'me try cyst syn'tax nymph syn'co pe tymp phys'ic tryst syn'dic ate Styx lyr'ic rynd syn op'sis

33. The sound of oi or oy (unmarked), as heard in oil, oyster.

oint re coil' spoil en joy'ment voice re joice' moist dis joint'ed troy de stroy' broil em ploy'ment poise em ploy' choice ap point'ment

Lesson 53.

34. The sound of ow (unmarked), as heard in owl. When the ow is sounded as in blown, the o is marked long (blown).

howl al low' crowd flow'er y gown en dow' prowl pow'er ful cowl vow'el scowl em bow'el down row'el brown en dow'ment

35. The diphthong ou has two leading sounds: that of ow in words derived from the Anglo-Saxon, as in out; and that of oo in words derived from the French, as in soup.

sour found'ling fount an nounce'ment pout ground'less mount un found'ed soup rou lette' croup crou'pi er roup group'ing wound trou'ba dour

Lesson 54.

36. The consonant C has two regular sounds: as soft c in cede, marked c; as hard c in cot, where it has the sound of k, and is marked c.

cives ac'id trace De cem'ber mace sol'ace brace in ces'sant clot tac'tic curd en act'ment acts traf'fic cave e lect'or

37. The sound of N as heard in link, is marked thus, n, which is the same sound as that represented by ng.

lank monk'ey drink con'gru ous monk con'gress trunk sin'gu lar sunk lan'guage conch drunk'en ness

Lesson 55.

38. S bas two regular sounds: when unmarked it has its sharp or hissing sound, as in yes; when marked thus, s, it has the buzzing sound of z in zeal.

sick mass'y smelt pos sess'ive pest vest'ment gross as sess'or has a muse' grows re sem'ble ease in fuse' ruse res'o nant

39. Ch has three sounds: unmarked (English ch), it has nearly the sound of tsh, as in child; marked thus, eh (French ch), it has the sound of sh, as in chaise; and marked thus, ch (Latin ch), it has the sound of k, as in chorus.

such speech'less child choc'o late chef ma chine' chaise chiv'al ry chasm chem'ist chrism char'ac ter

Lesson 56.

40. G has two regular sounds: marked thus, g (g hard), it has the sound of g in go; marked thus, g (g soft), it has the compound sound of j, as in gem.

gear'ing gew'gaw slug gid'di ness gen'tile slug'gish crag guil'lo tine gen'der gest'ure gibe gen'er al

41. Th has two sounds: its sharp sound, as in thing, which is unmarked, and its soft sound, as in thine, marked th.

thin the'ist breath myth'ic al thaw the'sis theft the'o ry this gath'er thine hith'er to than both'er breathe oth'er wise

Lesson 57.

42. X has three sounds: its regular sharp sound (unmarked) like ks, as in expect, and its soft or flat sound like gz, as in exist, marked x;. At the beginning of words x has the sound of z as in xebec (ze'bec).

ex'it ex pan'sive' ex tra'ne ous ex cel' ex'pi ate ex te'ri or ex alt' ex am'ple ex ec'u tive' ex empt' ex ult'ant ex or'di um

43. Q is followed in all cases by u, and has usually the sound of kw, as in queen; but in a few words derived from the French, qu is sounded like k, as in coquette.

quack queer'ly quoit qui e'tus queen quo'rum quote quo ta'tion plaque piqu'ant bisque co quet'tish clique' co quet' torque piqu'an cy

Lesson 58.

cas cade' a base' in clude' a larm' ex change' a maze' ad jure' a far' in flame' a brade' de pute' re mark' ob late' cru sade' re fuse' de bark' par take' de base' ma nure' em bark' ad dress' re gret' in ject' ac quit' re flex' ex cept' in vent' a drift' ar rest' ex pect' mo lest' re miss' con test' ex pend' op press' be fit' de press' ex press' re dress' per sist'

Lesson 59.

HOMOPHONOUS WORDS.

NOTE.--These exercises on words of similar sound, instead of being gathered into a single department, are interspersed throughout the book.

raised, lifted up. plait, a fold. razed, destroyed. plate, flattened metal. pries, inspects closely. plumb, perpendicular. prize, to value. plum, a fruit. pray, to supplicate. place, site; spot. prey, a spoil. plaice, a fish. pore, a small opening. please, to gratify. pour, to cause to flow. pleas, excuses. poll, the head. bell, a sounding vessel. pole, a rod; a perch. belle, a fine young lady.

Lesson 60.

bight, a bay. piece, a part. bite, to seize with the teeth. peace, quietness. bloat, to swell. new, not old. blote, to dry and smoke. knew, did know. board, a plank. gnu, a quadruped. bored, did bore. limb, a branch. bread, food. limn, to draw or paint. bred, reared. arc, part of a circle. blue, a color. ark, a vessel. blew, did blow. prays, supplicates. boar, the male swine. praise, honor. bore, to pierce. preys, spoils.

Lesson 61.

Words accented on the last Syllable.

ab rupt' dis cuss' a cross' a gree' an nul' de duct' a dopt' a sleep' con struct' in duct' a loft' es teem' in struct' re but' a non' de cree' in trust' re sult' be long' de gree' at tire' in vite' com port' dis close' en tice' o blige' re port' dis pose' en tire' per spire' con sole' re store' in cline' sub lime' re pose' en throne' in cite' sur vive' con voke' ex plode'

Lesson 62.

DICTATION EXERCISES.

Dost consider that dust thou art? He paid the servant his hire, and the wages were higher than last year. With whoop and hurra they tore the hoop from the barrel. The mower will cut more grass to-morrow. The foreign consul took counsel with the enemy, and called a council of war. English consols are high. Kings are sometimes guilty of flagrant wrongs. Many a fragrant flower blooms unseen. He tore his clothes in a struggle to close the door. His course toward that coarse lad was wrong.

Lesson 63.

Words accented on the first Syllable.

con'tact nos'tril cur'ry pun'gent for'est prod'uct ful'crum rus'tic hob'by prob'lem hud'dle rub'bish loft'y ros'ter pub'lic sulk'y log'ic tor'rent pub'lish sul'try af'flux bank'rupt kin'dred scrib'ble am'bush cam'phor pick'et trip'let an'them hav'oc tick'et trick'le an'nals hag'gard wick'et liz'ard as'pect hatch'et in'voice vil'la

Lesson 64.

cam'bric de'ist cy'press trib'al ca'dence e'qual Fri'day cri'sis da'tive free'dom ice'berg hy'drant na'tive need'ful li'bel sci'ence pave'ment meet'ing mi'grate si'lent duke'dom boun'ty pow'der boy'hood dur'ance coun'ty prow'ess clois'ter cu'beb cow'ard sound'ings joy'ous pu'trid drow'sy tow'el loi'ter pur'ist fount'ain tow'er loy'al

Lesson 65.

beard build palm verse witch crease built calf search script eaves squint half fern guess heave live talk kern start leap stick walk sperm wrath knee cliff chalk serve floor spleen writ lawn were czar have bronze daub herb haunch frank buzz fault strength flaunt slake snatch spawn sneak haunt smack dredge drift purse sharp clamp church fund clutch kneel

Lesson 66.

en no'ble, in duce'ment a bu'sive, e lope'ment a cu'men pe ru'sal ex po'nent ac cu'sant pur su'ant he ro'ic al lure'ment re fus'al pro mo'tive a muse'ment sul phu'ric de tach'ment es tab'lish at tend'ant dog mat'ic fa nat'ic as sem'blage dra mat'ic fan tas'tic ap pend'ant ec stat'ic gi gan'tic in tes'tate e las'tic in hab'it com'pen sate

Lesson 67.

cit, a citizen. wreak, to revenge. sit, to rest on a seat. reek, vapor. duct, a channel. bier, a carriage for the dead. ducked, plunged under. beer, fermented liquor. chuff, a clown. rest, quietness; ease. chough (chuf), a bird. wrest, to turn; to twist. coin, metal stamped. ring, a circle. coigne, a corner. wring, to twist. cole, a kind of cabbage. rote, repetition. coal, carbon. wrote, did write. find, to discover. strait, a narrow channel. fined, did fine; mulcted. straight, not crooked. prints, calicoes. wave, an undulation. prince, a king's son. waive, to refuse.

Lesson 68.

bole, the body of a tree. hist, hush! bowl, a vessel. hissed, did hiss. boll, a pod. paws, the feet of beasts. nose, part of the face. pause, a stop. knows, does know. faun, a sylvan god. mote, a particle. fawn, a young deer. moat, a ditch. pride, vanity. toled, allured. pried, did pry. told, did tell. wain, a wagon. tolled, did toll. wane, to decrease. rein, part of a bridle. see, to behold. rain, falling water. sea, a body of water. reign, to rule. si, a term in music.

Lesson 69.

a float' post pone' di lute' de mure' be low' pro rogue' a new' de plume' be moan' dis course' dis use' re cruit' be stow' de port' en sue' re cluse' de plore' re mote' im bue' re fute' a breast' at tempt' a bridge' e clipse' a head' dis tress' dis miss' e vince' be friend' con nect' a midst' ex tinct' be held' bur lesque' be twixt' for give' in flect' de flect' be witch' in flict'

Lesson 70.

Long Sounds of Vowels.

au stere' de crease' ap peal' dis creet' be queath' in crease' ap pear' en treat' re vere' de mean' ap pease' ex treme' be seech' fu see' ar rear' gran dee' bo hea' re peal' blas pheme' im peach' a light' de scribe' ac quire' dis guise' a wry' de spise' at trite' es quire' be guile' pre scribe' as sign' ig nite' be lie' de cline' de mise' in quire' de prive' re quite' com prise' ma lign'

Lesson 71.

Words accented on the Penult.

a mend'ed con tent'ed di lem'ma an gel'ic re flect'ive dis tem'per ap pen'dix de crep'it do mes'tic as sem'bly de fend'ant em bel'lish as sess'ment de mer'it em bez'zle pa rent'al re fresh'ing re dun'dant po et'ic re plen'ish a sun'der pre sent'ed re sent'ment con cur'rent pu tres'cent re splen'dent ef ful'gent pre vent'ive sur ren'der en cum'ber

Lesson 72.

Trisyllables with the short Sounds of the Vowels.

ac quit'tal de liv'er in sip'id be nig'nant di min'ish in trin'sic be wil'der con sist'ent ma lig'nant com mit'ment con tin'gent pa cif'ic con sid'er e nig'ma pro hib'it a bol'ish car bon'ic em bod'y ab hor'rent co los'sus har mon'ic ad com'plish de mol'ish im pos'tor ad mon'ish a pos'tate la con'ic al lot'ment des pot'ic ma son'ic

Lesson 73.

hart, the male deer. hour, sixty minutes. heart, the seat of life. our, belonging to us. hear, to perceive by the ear in, within. inn, a hotel. here, in this place. key, a fastener. heard, did hear. quay (ke), a wharf. herd, a drove. rhyme, poetry. hie, to hasten. rime, white frost. high, lofty. knot, a fastening of cord. him, objective case of he. hymn, a song of praise. not, negation. hole, an opening. know, to understand. whole, all; entire. no, not so.

Lesson 74.

The Vowel in the last Syllable silent.

ba'con sweet'en dam'son bit'ten to'ken trea'son fat'ten driv'en bra'zen weak'en flax'en kit'ten ha'ven wea'sel glad'den pris'on ha'zel height'en hap'pen quick'en maid'en light'en mad'den ris'en ma'son lik'en rav'el smit'ten ra'ven rip'en sad'den stiff'en shak'en tight'en red'den swiv'el wea'zen wid'en fresh'en writ'ten tak'en bro'ken o'pen fast'en wak'en clo'ven leav'en glis'ten spok'en froz'en length'en drunk'en dea'con gold'en reck'on mut'ton

Lesson 75.

The Vowel in the last Syllable not silent.

cray'on asp'en tal'on glu'ten de'mon cab'in wag'on cit'ron ci'on drag'on sud'den kitch'en si'phon flag'on fel'on mit'ten co'lon lin'den lem'on pis'ton o'men grav'el mel'on her'on bar'rel bev'el chan'nel flan'nel par'cel plat'en chick'en slov'en

Lesson 76.

Dissyllables with the long Sounds of the Vowels.

a'gue fa'mous cai'tiff ci'pher ca'lyx fail'ure fra'cas high'land cha'os faith'ful gate'-way mo'hair dai'ly frail'ty name'sake oak'um dai'sy game'ster stra'tum poul'tice bea'dle neat'ly mea'sles trea'cle bea'ver clear'ance peo'ple trea'tise drear'y cre'dence le'gion treat'ment ea'ger flee'cy re'gion twee'zers mean'ness greed'y stee'ple wea'ry

Lesson 77.

Words ending with ow, the last Letter being silent.

ar'row sal'low fel'low win'dow har'row tal'1ow mel'low win'now nar'row shal'low fal'low wid'ow mar'row shad'ow mead'ow bor'row spar'row el'bow bil'low mor'row

Words containing ei or ie, promiscuously arranged.

grieve re trieve' be siege' de ceiv'er thieve ag grieve' bre vier' de ceit'ful ceiled a piece' de ceive' dis sei'zin pieced con ceit' re lief' a chiev'ing sheik be lieve' re lieve' re ceiv'er

Lesson 78.