Chapter 1

Produced by Don Kostuch

{Transcribers Notes: Do you remember how to spell "pharmacopoeia" or "Winnipiseogee"? This was for sixth grade! Here is a chance to expand your vocabulary or just enjoy a trip to the grade school of 1900.

The original text uses a specialized font to indicate pronunciation. Italics are used to specify words or syllables in the text. The approximations given here retain only the emphasis (accent). See the DOC or PDF format for the original graphics.

Don Kostuch}

ECLECTIC EDUCATIONAL SERIES.

McGUFFEY'S [Registered]

ECLECTIC

SPELLING-BOOK.

REVISED EDITION.

McGuffey Editions and Colophon are Trademarks of

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

NEW YORK-CHICHESTER-WEINHEIM-BRISBANE-SINGAPORE-TORONTO

PREFACE. In revising this book, care has been taken to preserve all the excellences that have so long and so favorably distinguished McGUFFEY'S ECLECTIC SPELLING-BOOK: and the chief changes that have been made, have been suggested by the evident plan of the original work.

The old system of indicating the pronunciation by numerals, called "superiors," has been abandoned, and the diacritical marks used by Webster have been adopted. The Revised Speller conforms in orthography, pronunciation, and syllabication to the latest edition of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Exercises have been given on each of the distinctive marks used in the book, as will be seen by reference to Lessons 36-57.

A number of lessons have been added in the department of prefixes and suffixes, and now nearly all the more common of these etymological principles have been explained. (See Lessons 136-167.) In arranging the text of the several lessons, the object has been not to appeal merely to arbitrary memory, but to associate each lesson with some principle of sound, meaning, or accent, which would tend to aid the pupil in acquiring a knowledge of our language. Several distinct lessons on pronunciation are given, and towards the close of the book numerous lessons of difficult words in orthography have been introduced.

Instead of indicating silent letters by italics, as has hitherto been done, a new type has been made in which such letters are canceled, thus enabling the pupil to discover their status at a glance.

The pages have been enlivened, as in the other books of this Series, by attractive engravings.

The publishers take pleasure in acknowledging the valuable services of W. B. Watkins, D. D., who planned and executed this revision. DECEMBER, 1879.

16

Copyright, 1879, by Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co.

THE ENGLISH ALPHABET.

The English Alphabet consists of twenty-six letters, viz.: a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z.

Letters are divided into VOWELS and CONSONANTS.

The Vowels are those letters which can be perfectly sounded without the aid of any other letter. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, w, and y.

The vowel sounds of w and y are the same as those of u and i. A, e, and o are always vowels. I, u, w, and y are sometimes consonants.

A Diphthong is the union of two vowels in one sound. When both vowels are sounded, the diphthong is called PROPER, because then it is really a DIPHTHONG, or double sound; that is, the sounds of the vowels unite; as, oi in oil; ou in sound.

When only one of the vowels is sounded, the diphthong is called IMPROPER, because then, as one of the vowels is silent, it is not properly a DIPHTHONG, though it takes that name; as, oa in boat, ui in suit, where a and i are silent.

The following diphthongs are in common use, viz.: oi, oy, ou, ow, ae, ai, au, aw, ay, ea, ei, eo, eu, ew, ey, ia, ie, oa, oe, ua, ue, ui; as in toil, boy, round, plow, seal, coal, head, sail, say, aught, yeoman. Of these, oi, oy, ou, and ow are generally proper diphthongs; though sometimes ou and ow are improper, as in famous, where o is silent, and in slow, where w is silent.

A Triphthong is the union of three vowels in one syllable; as, eau in beau, iew in view. The triphthong is properly a union of letters, not sounds.

OF THE VARIOUS SOUNDS.

All the vowels, and some of the consonants, have several sounds; in this book these sounds are indicated by diacritical marks, as in the following tables:

TABLE OF VOCALS. Long Sounds.

Sound as is ----- ----- a ate a care a arm a last a all oo fool

e eve e err i ice o ode u use

Short Sounds.

Sound as is ----- ----- a am e elm i in o odd u up oo look

Diphthongs.

oi,oy,as in oil, boy ou,ow, as in out, owl

TABLE OF SUBVOCALS Sound as is ----- ----- b bib d did g gig j jug n nine m maim ng hang l lull

v valve th this z zinc zh azure r rare w we y yet

TABLE OF ASPIRATES Sound as is ----- ----- f fife h him k cake p pipe s same

t tart sh she ch chat th thick wh why

NOTE.--The foregoing forty-four sounds are those most employed in the English language. Some of these sounds are represented by other letters, as shown in the following table. For further instruction concerning the sounds, see Lessons 36-57.

TABLE OF SUBSTITUTES. Sound for as in ----- --- ----- a o what e a there e a feint i e police i e sir o u son o oo to o oo wolf o a fork o e work u oo full u e burn u oo rude y i fly

y i myth c k can c s cite ch sh chaise ch k chaos g j gem n ng ink s z as s sh sure x gz exact gh f laugh ph f phlox qu k pique[1] qu kw quit

[Footnote 1: The u is canceled in this book when qu is sounded like k.]

W, in its vowel sounds, corresponds with u; an in new (pro. nu).

A has, in a few words, the sound of e; as in any (pro. en'ny).

U has, in a few words, the sound of e; as in bury (pro. ber'ry); or that of i, as in busy (pro. biz'y).

OF THE CONSONANTS.

The Consonants are those letters which can not be perfectly sounded without the aid of a vowel. The consonants are b, c, d, f, g, h, l, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z, and sometimes i, u, w, and y. The consonants are divided into MUTES and SEMI-VOWELS.

The Mutes are those consonants that admit of no sound without the aid of a vowel. They are b, d, k, p, q, t, and c and g hard.

The Semi-vowels are those consonants that can be sounded imperfectly by themselves. They are f, h, j, l, m, n, r, s, v, x, z, and c and g soft.

Four of the semi-vowels are called LIQUIDS; viz., l, m, n, and r. They are called liquids because they unite so readily with other sounds, or flow into them.

OF SYLLABLES AND WORDS.

A Syllable is a sound, or a combination of sounds, uttered by a single impulse of the voice: it may have one or more letters; as a, bad, bad-ness.

A Word is either a syllable or a combination of syllables; as, not, notion.

A word of one syllable is called a Monosyllable; as, man.

A word of two syllables is called a Dissyllable; as, manly.

A word of three syllables is called a Trisyllable; as, manliness. Words of more than three syllables are called Polysyllables.

Accent is a stress of voice placed upon some one syllable more than the others. Every word composed of two or more syllables has one of them accented. This accent is denoted by a mark (') at the end of the accented syllable; as, mid'night, a ban'don.

A Primitive Word is one which is not derived from any other word; as, man, great, full.

A Derivative Word is one which is formed from some other word by adding something to it; as, manful, greatness, fully.

A Simple Word is one which is not composed of more than one word; as, kind, man, stand, ink.

A Compound Word is one that is composed of two or more simple words; as, ink-stand, wind-mill.

Spelling is naming or writing the letters of a word.

Script Alphabet [Illustration: The following letter are shown in an ideal hand-written script.]

CAPITAL LETTERS. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

LOWER-CASE LETTERS. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

THE ALPHABET. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

THE ALPHABET. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

PICTORIAL ALPHABET.

A [Illustration: Axe] B [Illustration: Boy] C [Illustration: Cat] D [Illustration: Dog] E [Illustration: Elk] F [Illustration: Fox] G [Illustration: Girl] H [Illustration: Hen] I [Illustration: Ink] J [Illustration: Jug] K [Illustration: Kid (Goat)] L [Illustration: Lark] M [Illustration: Man] N [Illustration: Nut] O [Illustration: Ox] P [Illustration: Pig] Q [Illustration: Quail] R [Illustration: Rat S [Illustration: Sun] T [Illustration: Top] U [Illustration: Urn] V [Illustration: Vine] W [Illustration: Wren] X [Illustration: letter X] Y [Illustration: Yak] Z [Illustration: Zebra]

McGUFFEY'S ECLECTIC SPELLING-BOOK.

Lesson 1.

SHORT SOUNDS OF VOWELS.

Short Sound of A.

am cat gap ban cap an bad bag can map as mad gag fan nap at pad hag pan rap ax sad lag ran hap rat gad tag tan jam sat sap fag van ham

Short Sound of E.

bed den net sell tent led ken pet nest rent red men set zest sent wed wen yet test went beg jet sex pest felt leg let fell rest pelt hen met bell jest melt

Lesson 2.

SHORT SOUNDS OF VOWELS.--CONTINUED.

Short Sound of I.

if rid him sin jig it lid rim tin rig is sip fix dig bib bit tip six fig jib hit nip din big rib sit lip pin pig fib

Short Sound of O.

on cob nod box dot ox job pod hop jot got rob rod mop lot cot sob log sop pot jot cod hog pop rot lot God dog top not

Short Sound of U.

up mud rum rut gush us dug sum hung dust cub mug bun bung must hub pug dun lung rust rub tug run sung gust bud jug sun hulk drum

Lesson 3.

REVIEW OF SHORT SOUNDS OF VOWELS.

man lap pat tap had fin get ten wet peg fit dim mix hid his hot rot fob dot con rug hum fun hut cut

had fun hug gum flog den fog dip nag dram did tub fog bet help sod hod gun pen lift lad bet did cog rush

Lesson 4.

Long Sound of A.

date jade came cage bane late fade dame page lace mate rate same sage wake

Long Sound of E.

me we she heed weed fee jeer feed deed deep feel leer meek keep peep seek veer beef reel weep

Long Sound of I.

pile dike fire life bide file like tire rife hide mile pike sire wife ride

Long Sound of O.

code dolt bone hope dote node jolt cone pope note bode molt hone rope vote rove bolt tone cope hold

Long Sound of U.

lure cube mute lune huge cure tube duke dune pule pure lute jute use cue

Lesson 5.

Short Sounds of Vowels.

crab bled chip shot bump grab fled ship blot lump drab sled whip spot pump slab sped slip plot jump stab then drip trot hump brag bent spit clog bulk cram best crib frog just clan hemp gift plod drug clad vest king stop shut dash west grit clod hush

Lesson 6.

Various Vowel Sounds.

bard deal tank dell ill card veal rank tell bill hard meal sank well fill bark neat hank yell rill dark heat dank belt hill dint bang dime rave cull hint fang lime gave dull lint gang tine lave gull mint hang fine pave hull tint rang mine save mull

Lesson 7.

Long Sounds of Vowels.

blaze sneer drive globe dean craze creed tribe drone bean shape steep brine stone bead state sleek spire probe beam crape fleet bride shore lean fume smite blame clear mope spume spite flame drear mold fluke quite slate blear tore flume whine spade spear robe dure spine prate smear poke

Lesson 8.

Various Sounds of Vowels.

clasp small cramp bring moan grasp stall stamp cling coast flask fall grand sling toast graft wall stand swing roast craft squall lamp thing roach book boon stork wad pod good spoon horse was rob took bloom snort wash rock foot broom short wast soft hook stool north what lost

Lesson 9.

Long Sounds of Vowels under the Accent.

fa'tal le'gal lo'cal cu'bit na'tal re'gal fo'cal du'el pa'pal re'al vo'cal hu'man pa'gan pe'nal o'ral u'nit ba'by ta'per o'val du'ly la'dy di'al to'tal fu'ry la'zy tri'al bo'ny ju'ry ma'zy fi'nal co'ny pu'ny na'vy vi'tal go'ry pu'pil ra'cy ri'val ro'sy hu'mid Sa'tan vi'al po'sy tu'mid

Lesson 10.

Short Sounds of Vowels under the Accent.

al'um el'der civ'il cul'prit al'to hec'tic dit'ty clum'sy can'ter helm'et gid'dy dul'cet mar'ry fen'nel fil'ly fun'nel ral'ly ken'nel sil'ly gul'ly nap'kin bel'fry liv'id buck'et hap'py ed'dy lim'it gus'set pan'try en'try lim'ber sul'len ram'mer en'vy riv'et sum'mon mam'mon test'y lin'en hur'ry tab'let self'ish mil'let mul'let

Lesson 11.

Various Sounds of A.

care fast charm camp war mare mast chart damp warp share cask lard hand warm spare mask arm land ward snare past yard sand warn game scar lake waft fray lame spar dale raft play name star gale chaff gray fame garb cape aft stay tame barb shame staff bray

Lesson 12.

Various Sounds of A.

dan'ger am'ber lard'er clat'ter man'ger ban'ter mar'gin flat'ter quak'er ban'ner ar'dent lat'ter qua'ver hand'y ar'my mat'ter dra'per man'na art'ist pat'ter wa'ger can'cer har'vest tat'ter fa'vor pan'der par'ty rag'ged fla'vor tam'per tar'dy rack'et sa'vor plan'et ar'dor van'ish ma'jor ham'per car'pet gal'lant ca'per stam'mer gar'ment pat'tern

Lesson 13.

Various Sounds of E.

sheep ce'dar bet'ter cler'gy creep fe'ver fet'ter fer'vor sleep tre'mor let'ter her'mit sweep ge'nus en'ter mer'cy speed se'cret ev'er ser'mon breeze re'bus nev'er ser'pent teeth se'quel sev'er mer'chant sneeze se'quence dex'ter ver'bal breed he'ro mem'ber ver'dict bleed ze'ro plen'ty per'son freed se'cant ven'om fer'ment

Lesson 14.

Various Sounds of I.

bird bri'er bib'ber thir'ty birch ci'der bit'ter thirst'y chirp mi'ser dif'fer third'ly flirt spi'der din'ner birch'en girl vi'per frit'ter chirp'er shirt cli'ent lit'ter girl'ish squirm gi'ant riv'er gird'er squirt i'tem shiv'er stir'less third i'cy sil'ver first'ly girt spi'ral in'ner birth'day gird i'vy liv'er mirth'ful

Lesson 15.

Various Sounds of O.

bro'ker col'ic cor'net worst clo'ver ton'ic cor'set come drov'er top'ic or'gan love gro'cer mor'al sor'did dove o'ver com'ma tor'pid shoot o'dor dog'ged form'al moon so'lar doc'tor for'ty moose po'lar cop'per lord'ly tooth pok'er fod'der morn'ing gorge home'ly fos'ter orb'it most po'em pon'der mor'tal prop

Lesson 16.

Various Sounds of U.

hu'mor but'ter mur'der pru'dent ju'ror mut'ter mur'mur fru'gal tu'mor rud'der tur'ban tru'ly stu'por shut'ter tur'nip tru'ant tu'tor suf'fer tur'key cru'et cu'rate sup'per pur'port bru'in lu'cid mum'my curl'y dru'id stu'dent mus'ket fur'ry ru'in stu'pid num'ber fur'nish ru'by lu'nar nut'meg cur'vet bru'tal tu'mult stut'ter bur'den gru'el

Lesson 17.

Various Sounds of the Vowels.

June furl husk from halt dupe hurl musk pomp malt tune turn rusk romp salt flute churn stung long waltz plume hurt pluck song swan glue curl drunk strong wasp droop deck chill for sheath gloom neck drill corn shell loop next quill fork shorn hoof text skill form shout roof desk spill sort shrub proof nest frill torch shrug

Lesson 18.

Words Accented on the last Syllable.

a wake' be hest' be hind' re cede' be came' be set' be side' con crete' be have' ca det' be tide' com pete' be take' de fend' de rive' se crete' e late' de pend' re cite' con cede' per vade' re pel' re tire' con vene' for sake' at tend' re vile' im pede' a bate' con sent' re mise' re plete' cre ate' im pend' re vive' un seen' es tate' im pel' con nive' su preme' re late' com pel' ex cite' re lease'

Lesson 19.

be rate' a bode' ex pire' a cute' a pace' a lone' con fide' a buse' re bate' a tone' con fine' con fuse' de bate' af ford' con spire' de duce' de face' ca jole' po lite' de lude' de fame' de pose' re cline' ma ture' se date' com pose' re fine' pol lute' col late' en force' re pine' pro cure' re gale' en robe' re quire' re buke' em pale' ex plore' re spire' re duce' en gage' ex pose' u nite' se clude' en rage' im port' en twine' se cure'

Lesson 20.

blade plash bream dress twine glade clash cream swim blind grade crash dream spend grind shade smash gleam speck spike trade trash steam fresh smile skate slash stream whelp while brisk drove blush cheap carve quilt grove flush peach farce filth stove slush teach parse pinch clove brush reach barge flinch smote crush bleach large mince store thrush glean snarl

Lesson 21.

ab'bey rec'ord pit'y col'ter ab'bot check'er dis'tant fo'cus atom ed'it din'gy glo'ry ash'es lev'el diz'zy lo'cust cap'tor meth'od fin'ish mo'ment car'rot splen'did gim'let po'tent cav'il ves'per spir'it co'gent ehap'ter west'ern tim'id do'tage chat'tel bed'lam pig'gin no'ted fath'om des'pot tin'sel stor'age gal'lon ren'der tip'pet sto'ry gal'lop tem'pest wit'ness pro'test

Lesson 22.

shake chose march pine oil snake prose parch wild moil baste those starch mild coil haste froze larch tile foil taste force lark slide soil paste porch stark glide toil bunch broth prism spent boy hunch cloth sixth fence coy lunch froth stint hence hoy punch moth smith pence joy plump botch whist thence toy stump stock midst whence cloy

Lesson 23.

Monosyllables miscellaneously arranged.

free clip shelf quest shine spin hate chide flax wore shad tape fringe still think band race clock trim marsh pack mire cheek door booth bath kite full clung wince dock bank frock loft spray gold fell troop pulp join pipe pink glass grape friz club hilt lurk pose brow shop last cloud zest grace

Lesson 24.

Words in which the final e is silent.

ca'ble nee'dle rab'ble bub'ble fa'ble Bi'ble sam'ple bun'dle ga'ble ti'tle sim'ple crum'ble sa'ble ri'fle tem'ple muf'fle sta'ble no'ble dim'ple muz'zle cra'dle fick'le fid'dle pud'dle la'dle am'ple kin'dle ruf'fle ma'ple ap'ple lit'tle tum'ble sta'ple baffle bot'tle pur'ple bee'tle bat'tle cob'ble cir'cle fee'ble cat'tle fond'le sad'dle

Lesson 25.

an'gel ab'sent bish'op blun'der ba'sis ac'rid big'ot blus'ter ca'ter blank'et bil'let cus'tom fla'grant clas'sic blis'ter cut'ler fra'grant crag'gy cin'der cut'ter has'ty dam'sel crick'et sum'mer ha'tred dan'dy fif'ty sun'der la'bel fab'ric fil'let shud'der pa'tent fam'ish lim'pid thun'der sa'cred fran'tic pil'fer tum'bler state'ment lath'er pil'lar ul'cer va'cate lav'ish print'er un'der

Lesson 26.

DICTATION EXERCISES.

NOTE TO TEACHERS.--These lessons are intended as exercises in the meaning as well as the spelling of words. Distinguish carefully words of similar sound, but which differ in their spelling. At the recitation the sentences should be read aloud by the teacher, and the pupils required to write them out neatly and correctly upon their slates or on the blackboard.

He ate seven or eight apples. Send the pale maid with the pail of milk. He owed for the paper on which he wrote an ode to the moon. We are not quite ready for the quiet man. Age gives edge to wine. He said the idol looked like a satyr. Clever satire often rouses the idle.

Lesson 27.

Sounds of ai, ou, ow, and ea,

paid bound cow cheat head grain found how treat dead staid ground town beast stead waif hound growl bleat tread rail mound clown preach dread flail pound frown speak thread quail round crown streak sweat snail sound drown feast death

Lesson 28.

Dissyllables with short Sounds of Vowels.

ad'age fren'zy bick'er blos'som bal'last emp'ty crit'ic cot'ton bant'ling gen'try dig'it com'ic can'to mer'it flim'sy drop'sy ras'cal men'tal flip'pant flor'id las'so sher'iff frig'id frol'ic an'tic ten'dril in'fant gos'pel sad'ness vel'lum in'gress gos'sip sal'ver vel'vet in'mate hor'rid sand'y nec'tar in'quest jol'ly mag'got ves'try in'sect rock'et

Lesson 29.

Trisyllables with short Sounds of the Vowels.

bal'co ny del'i cate lib'er ate bar'o ny des'o late lim'i tate cav'i ty der'o gate im'mo late fac'ul ty dev'as tate in'di cate grav'i ty em'u late in'ti mate mal'a dy hes'i tate in'du rate van'i ty med'i tate in'vo cate am'pu tate pet'ri fy ir'ri tate ab'so lute plen'i tude lit'i gate al'ti tude rec'ti tude mil'i tate am'bu lance res'o lute stip'u late

Lesson 30.

Miscellaneous Sounds.

prime swine straw crawl brawn snore gloss flank brick charge crow quench green tinge shark Scotch chest goose brand thrift space prow twist flange crank wealth slice twain limp screw throb thrice chess flake soon flesh finch flash flaw twelve flung clean loaf scale

Lesson 31.

Long Sounds of I and U, and short Sounds of E and I.

a bide' ac cuse' con tend' ad mit' a like' im pure' con tent' ad dict' a live' im pute' in tend' as sist' a rise' as sume' in tent' com mit' de cide' com mute' dis sect' con sist' de file' com mune' de ject' de pict' de fine' com pute' de test' dis till' de ride' con clude' de tect' emit' de sire' con fute' in spect' en list' di vide' dis pute' ob ject' en rich' di vine' en dure' re spect' for bid'

Lesson 32.

Silent Letters.

B is silent after m and before t, and p is silent before s. The silent letters are canceled in this lesson, as they are throughout the book.

lamb numb debt debt'or comb bomb doubt doubt'ful tomb crumb psalm sub'tle dumb thumb pshaw psal'ter

DICTATION EXERCISES ON THE ABOVE.