Part 9

So in regard to mother. If you speak of her you say \{Nyang}/ (娘), or \{Kya-°moo}/ (家母), or \{°Moo-tshing}/ (母親), or \{Kya-dz}/ (家慈). If you speak of the mother of another person you may say \{Ling°-daung}/ (令堂).

Brother is different as to whether you refer to an older or a younger one. An older brother is \{Ak-koo}/ (阿哥). A younger brother is \{Hyoong-°di}/ (兄弟). Brothers (plural) is \{Di°-hyoong}/ or \{hyoong-°di}/ (弟兄). A familiar term for a younger brother is \{°Di-°di}/ (弟弟). An older sister is \{Ah-°tsi}/ (阿姊). A younger sister is \{Me°-me°}/ (妹妹). \{°Tsi-me°}/ (姊妹) means sister or sisters.

In referring to a son a father would call him \{Nyi-°ts}/ (兒子) or \{°Siau-noen}/ (小囝); others would refer to your son by saying \{Ling°-laung}/ (令郞) or (公郞) \{Koong-laung}/. In speaking of one’s own daughter you would say \{°Siau-°nyui}/ (小女); others would refer to her as \{Tshien-kyung}/ (千金) Lit. “A thousand catties of gold,” or \{Ling°- e°}/ (令嬡).

VOCABULARY

To love, \e°/ 愛. To love reciprocally, \siang-e°/ 相愛. To injure, \‘e°/ 害. To be injured, \°zeu-‘e°/ 受害. To begin, \°chi/ 起. A beginning, \°chi-deu/ 起頭, or \khe-dzang/ 開塲. To repair, \sieu/ 修, or \seu-tsauh/ 收作. Repairs, \sieu-°li/ 修理. To take hold of, to grasp, \nyah/ 揑. To receive or accept, \°zeu/ 受. To suffer, \°zeu-°khoo/ 受苦, or \°zeu-nan°/ 受難. To hand, to deliver in person, \dzeu°/ 授. To save, be economical, \°sang/ 省, or \tsoo° nyung-ka/ 做人家. To save time, \°sang koong-foo/ 省功夫. To waste, to be extravagant, \saung/ 傷. To seal officially, or to seal an envelope; to deify; to exalt to a high station, \foong/ 封. To rely upon, to entrust, \khau°/ 靠, \khau°-thauh/ 靠托, or \thauh/ 托. A battery or a fort, \ih kuh phau°-de/ 一個礮台. A deer, \ih tsak lok/ 一隻鹿. To hunt, \°tang-lih/ 打獵. A hare, \ih tsak thoo°-°ts/ 一隻兔子. A fox, \ih tsak ‘oo-li/ 一隻狐狸. A wolf, \ih tsak za-laung/ 一隻豺狼. A squirrel, \ih tsak soong-°su/ 一隻松鼠. A weasel, \ih tsak waung-laung/ 一隻黄狼. A pheasant, \ih tsak °ya-kyi/ 一隻野鷄. A goose, \ih tsak ngoo/ 一隻鵝. A set of dice, \ih foo° deu°-°ts/ 一副骰子. To gamble with cash, \°too doong-dien/ 賭銅錢. To gamble with dice, \zak deu°-°ts/ 擲骰子. A set of dominoes, \ih foo° ba/ 一副牌. To gamble with dominoes, \teu° ba/ 鬭牌. Again, \tse°/ 再. Medicine, \yak/ 藥. Tobacco, \ien/ 烟. A gun, \ih °kwen yang-tshiang/ 一桿洋槍. Powder, \°hoo-yak/ 火藥. Lit Fiery medicine. Tide flowing out, \lauh-°s/ 落水. Tide coming in, \tsang°-°s/ 漲水. Firmly, \lau/ 牢. As, \ziang/ 像. All (collective), \thok/ 秃.

EXERCISES

(Translate into English)

(1) Zauh-nyih °ngoo tan-°ts yang-tshiang tau° san laung° chi° °tang-lih, °tang-dzak-ts san tsak lok lau s° tsak thoo°-°ts °lau ih tsak soong-°su. (2) °Ngoo °bang-dzak-°ts ih kuh nyung la° °tang °tiau, yi °i-kyung °tang-dzak-°ts s° tsak °ya-kyi °lau ih tsak °ya-ngoo. (3) Teu° ba °lau zak deu-°ts thok °z ’veh °hau. (4) Di°-kuh phau°-de °yeu °ng tsung phau° °lau too-°hau °hoo-yak. (5) Zauh-ya°-deu °yeu waung-laung theu kyi, ’veh hyau°-tuh °z waung-laung nyi wan-°z ‘oo-li, kyung-ya°-deu °ting °hau °tung yi le °lau yoong° yang-tshiang °tang-sah yi. (6) °Ngoo la° yi han-deu °zeu-°ts too-hau° meh-z°, iau° soong°-°tien sa° la° yi. (7) Di°-foong sing° iau° foong-°hau dzeu° peh la° i-sung. (8) Seu-tsauh vaung-°ts zieu° iau° °chi-deu, iung-we° °yeu too-hau° di°-faung iau° sieu-°li, zak-zen °tse an° meh °khoong-pho° le-’veh ji°. (9) Too chuh °tsieu °lau too chuh ien° °z saung sung-°thi. (10) Di°-kuh bing° °dzoong-tuh-juh, chuh yak °‘a m-yoong°-deu. (11) Tsoo° nyung-ka meh, °khau-°i nyih-nyih °sang doong-dien. (12) Di°-kuh si-°tse hwen-°hyi °too doong-dien °lau chuh °tsieu, zeh-dze khau°-’veh-dzu° kuh. (13) °Ngoo thauh noong° tsoo° ih tsaung z°-thi, noong° we°-sa° ’veh zung tsoo°? (14) Zeh-°ke tsoo°-deu saung koong-foo, iau° tsau° °ngoo wo° meh °hau. (15) Di°-hyoong iung-ke da-ka siang-e°, ’veh iau° siang-mo° °lau siang-°tang. (16) Tsung-da°-zung °hau-la°-va? Zia°-zia°, °lau-nyang-ka °hau-la°. (17) Ya-nyang °i-kyung tsheh mung, pih-koo° ak-koo la° ok-°li. (18)°Ngoo °yeu ih kuh ah-°tsi °lau °liang-kuk me°-me°. (19) °Kyi-z iau° khe zen? Lauh-°s zieu° khe. (20) Za-laung °z ’man hyoong-kuh °ya-seu°, hwen-°hyi chuh yang. (21) Di°-kuh ih pe yak iau° peh la° bing° nyung chuh. (22) Noong° °yeu °kyi-we° °ling-laung? °Yeu °liang-kuh °siau-noen.

(一) 昨日我担之洋槍到山上去打獵, 打着之三隻鹿佬四隻兔子佬一雙松鼠. (二) 我掽着之一個人拉打窵, 伊已經打着之四隻野雞佬一隻野鵝. (三) 鬥牌佬擲骰子禿是勿好. (四) 第個砲台有五尊炮佬多化火藥. (五) 昨夜頭有黃狼偷雞, 勿曉得是黃狼呢還是狐狸, 今夜頭頂好等伊來佬用洋槍打殺伊. (六) 我拉伊壗頭受之多化物事, 要送點啥拉伊. (七) 第封信要封好授撥拉醫生. (八) 收作房子就要起頭, 因爲有多化地方要修理, 若然再晚末恐怕來勿及. (九) 多吃酒佬多吃烟是傷身體. (十) 第個病重得極吃藥也無用頭. (十一) 做人家末可以日日省銅錢. (十二) 第個西崽歡喜賭銅錢佬吃酒實在靠勿住個. (十三) 我托儂做一樁事體爲啥勿曾做. (十四) 實蓋做頭傷工夫要照我話末好. (十五) 弟兄應該大家相愛勿要相駡佬相打. (十六) 尊大人好拉否? 謝謝, 老娘家好拉. (十七) 爺娘已經出門必過阿哥拉屋裏. (十八) 我有一個阿姊佬兩個妹妹. (十九) 幾時要開船? 落水就開. (二十) 豺狼是蠻凶個野獸歡喜吃羊. (廿一) 第個一杯藥要撥拉病人吃. (廿二) 儂有幾位令郞? 有兩個小囝.

(Translate into Chinese)

(1) You should do to others as you would they should do to you. (2) If we do not call the carpenter and mason to repair this house, we shall not be able to live in it. (3) When I began I considered the study of Chinese very difficult; now I consider it easier. (4) The younger brother should listen to the older brother’s words. (5) You should love others as yourself. (6) On the other side of the river there are many forts. (7) This man wastes his money in drinking wine. (8) Where did you get the money to buy these clothes? I saved it from my wages. (9) The deer can run faster than the dog, but gets tired sooner. (10) The father is head of the house. (11) Hand this bowl of tea to the guest. (12) I trust to you to help me do the work. (13) The fox comes at night to steal chickens. (14) Pheasants are fine birds to look at and are very good to eat. (15), Geese and ducks like to remain in the water. (16) The older sister takes care of her little sister. (17) Take hold of it firmly in your hand and do not let it fall on the ground. (18) According to what Chinese say, to become a good man you must repair your heart.

(一) 儂要人那能待儂儂也應該那能待別人 (二) 若然伲勿叫木匠佬泥水匠來修房子, 我伲勿好住拉化 (三) 我起頭讀個晨光我算中國書是煩難讀個, 現在算是容易點 (四) 弟兄應該聽阿哥個說話 (五) 儂應該愛別人像愛自家 (六) 垃拉河過邊有多化砲台 (七) 第個人吃酒佬傷脫伊個銅錢 (八) 買第個衣裳儂那裏頭來個銅錢? 我工錢上省下來個 (九) 鹿比之狗可以跑來快點, 但是鹿先要弛瘏 (十) 爺末是一家個主 (十一) 笫個一碗茶授撥拉客人 (十二) 我托儂相幫我做第樁事體 (十三) 狐狸是夜頭來偷雞 (十四) 野雞是蠻好看個窵也是蠻好吃個 (十五) 鵝佬鴨歡喜垃拉水裏向 (十六) 阿姊是當心伊個小妹 (十七) 揑牢拉手裏勿要放伊落拉地上 (十八) 照中國人話成功好個人終要修儂個心

Notes.

(1) In the sixth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression {Soong°-°tien-sa°} 送點啥, meaning “to make a small present.” (2) In the eighth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression {°Tse an°} (再晚). Lit. “again late;” the idea is “if we wait any longer.” (3) In the fourteenth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression {Tsau° °ngoo wo° meh °hau} (照我話末好), Lit. “Follow my saying then good.” (4) In the first sentence of the Second exercise the sentence would be turned round in Chinese, and we would say, {Noong° iau° nyung na°-nung °de noong°, noong° °a iung-ke na°-nung °de bih nyung} (儂要人那能待儂, 儂也應該那能待別人).

LESSON XXVII

Compound Verbs

By compound verbs we mean those made up of more than one verb. As we have already seen, Chinese words having a distinct meaning when used by themselves also form part of larger compound words. This is true especially of verbs. A good example is the verb \{°Tang}/ (打) to strike. It enters into combination with many other words to form compound verbs.

Thus:

To fight a battle, \{°tang-tsang°}/ 打仗. To attack an enemy, \{koong-°tang}/ 攻打. To gain a victory, \{°tang-yung}/ 打臝, or \{°tang-sung°-tsang°}/ 打勝仗. To suffer a defeat, \{°tang-su}/ 打輸, \{tang°-ba°}/ 打敗, or \{°tang-ba°-tsang°}/ 打敗仗. To wound, \{°tang-saung}/ 打傷. To make inquiries, \{°tang-thing}/ 打聽. To fool with one another, \{°tang-bang°}/ 打棚. To injure by striking, \{°tang-wa°}/ 打壞. To consider, \{°tang-soen°}/ 打算. To dress in a showy manner, \{°tang-pan°}/ 打扮.

VOCABULARY

To collect, to receive payment, \seu/ 收. To collect accounts, \seu-tsang°/ 收帳. To receive payment for a lease, \seu-tsoo/ 收租. To be imprisoned, \seu-kan/ 收監. To build a wall, \tshi°/ (砌), or \tshi° ziang/ 砌牆. To build a partition, \tshi° pih/ 砌壁. To mend a path, \tshi° ka/ 砌街. To be wounded, \°zeu-saung/ 受傷. To prosecute at law, \°tang-kwen-s/ 打官司. To cut with a sharp knife, \koeh/ 割. To cut in two, \koeh-°doen/ 割斷. To cut with sword, or heavy knife or axe, \tsan/ 斬. To split, \phih/ 劈. To saw, \zih/ 截 or \ka°/ 解. To boil, \zah/ 煠. To grill, to broil, \tsien/ 煎. To smoke (meat), \hyuin/ 燻. To bake, \hoong/ 烘. To sew, to stitch, \ling/ 紉. To take a stitch, \ling-ih tsung/ 紉一針, (\tsung/ means needle). To iron, to burn, to scald, \thaung°/ 燙. To brush, \seh/ 刷. To rise (as the tide), \tsang°/ 漲. To fall, \lauh/ 落. Duty, \ming-vung°/ 名分. Rumours, \yau-yien/ 謠言. Receipt, \seu-phiau°/ 收票, or \seu-diau/ 收條. A bell, \tsoong/ 鐘. Piles (such as are driven into the ground), \tsaung/ 樁. Tide, \dzau/ 潮, or \dzau-°s/ 潮水. A cake, \ih kuh kyi dan°-kau/ 一個個雞蛋糕. Japanese. \Toong-yang-nyung/ 東洋人, or \Zeh-°pung-nyung/ 日本人. Pain, \thoong°/ 痛. Wheat, \mak/ 麥. Dirty, \auh-tshauh/ 齷齪. Miserable, \khoo-°nau/ 苦腦. Russians, \Ngoo-kok nyung/ 俄國人. A biscuit, \ih kuh thah-°ping/ 一個𩝣餅. A grate, \ih kuh °hoo-khaung/ 一個火匟. A sparrow, \ih tsak mo-tshiak/ 一隻麻雀, or \mo-tsiang/ 䳸[C2]. A swallow, \ih tsak ien°-°ts/ 一隻燕子. A pigeon, \ih tsak keh-°ts/ 一隻鴿子. An ax, \ih °po °foo-deu/ 一把斧頭. A saw, \ih °po ke°-°ts/ 一把鋸子. A file, \ih °po tshoo°-tau/ 一把銼刀. A plane, \ih tsak bau°/ 一隻刨. A quilt or blanket, \ih diau °bi-deu/ 一條被頭. A sheet, \ih diau tan-°bi/ 一條單被. Unripe or raw, \sang/ 生. Ripe, \zok/ 熟. Also used in the sense of being thoroughly cooked. Shameful, \than-tshoong°/ 坍銃. Face (cheek), \°nyi-kwaung/ 耳光. Spread out, \than/ 攤, \than-khe/ 攤開.

EXERCISES

(Translate into English)

(1) Kyau° tsoong°-hwo-yoen-kuh la° hwo-yoen °li tsan-theh i-kuh °liang khoo zu°. (2) Di°-diau ka ih ngan ’veh bing, iau° tse° tshi°. (3) Sing-vung-°ts laung° °ngoo khoen° °tang-tsang° kuh zung-kwaung, Toong-yang-nyung dzang-tsaung °tang sung°-tsang°, °lau Ngoo-kok-nyung dzang-tsaung °tang-ba°. (4) Di°-°po tau kwha°-°le-°si, °khoong-pho° °siau-noen iau° koeh thoong° °seu. (5) °Nyui-nyung kuh ming-vung° la° ok-°li sau van°, tsoo° i-zaung, taung-sing °siau-noen; nen-nyung kuh ming-vung° la° nga°-deu tsoo° sang-i°. (6) I-zaung koen-°ts meh nan-meh iau° thaung°-ih-thaung°. (7) La° ka laung° yi-la tsauh-°ts ih kuh zuk, yien°-°dze soong° tau° kwen han-deu seu-kan. (8) Di°-saung ‘a-°ts noong° seh le ’veh °hau, ih ngan ’veh liang°. (9) Khau-°ts tsoong °loong-°tsoong kuh ‘auh-sang-°ts zieu° iau° tsing° chi° dok su, ‘auh-daung-°li iau° °zoo-ding°, °tung sien-sang le, ’veh iau° da-ka °tang-bang°. (10) Iau° tshi° ziang meh sien iau° °tang tsaung. (11) Dzau tsang° meh zieu° iau° khe zen ‘ang tau° bing °s °lau ding. (12) Di°-kuh mok-za iau° yoong° °foo-deu le phih-khe-le. (13) Noong° foo°-°ts yang-dien meh, °ngoo peh seu-diau noong°. (14) Di°-kuh dan° zah le thuh sang, iau° zok-°tien. (15) Kyung-tsau °yeu khak-nyung le, iau° noong° tsoo° kyi-dan°-kau °lau thah-°ping. (16) Peh bih nyung °tang °nyi-kwaung meh soen° °ting than-tshoong° kuh z°-°thi. (17) Dien-°li kuh mak seu °hau meh? Wan ’veh zung we°-ts dzang-tsaung lauh °yui °lau. (18) Iau° noong° chi° °tang-thing °tang-thing sa° nyung °zau di°-kuh yau-yien. (19) Di°-kuh men-deu tan tau° °hoo-khaung° pien-deu chi° hoong-hoong. (20) Kyau° mok-ziang° le yoong° ke°-°ts °ka-khe di°-kuh mok-deu. (21) Tau° mok-ziang° han-deu chi° tsia° ih °po tshoo°-tau °lau ih tsak bau°. (22) Mo-tshiak °lau ien°-°ts °z °siau kuh °tiau, ’veh °hau chuh, keh-°ts meh °hau chuh kuh. (23) Tan-°bi °lau °bi-deu than °hau la° zaung laung°. (24) Ng hyuin °hau meh tan le peh °ngoo chuh chuh khoen. (25) I-kuh nyung koong-°tang le, °ngoo dih-’veh-dzu° yi, peh yi °tang-saung. (26). Tsheh-chi° pa° khak kuh z-‘eu° sien iau° °tang-pan°.

(一) 叫種花園個人拉花園裏斬脫伊個兩棵樹. (二) 第條街一顔勿平要再砌. (三) 新聞紙上我看打仗個辰光東洋人常莊打勝仗佬俄國人常莊打敗. (四) 第把刀快來死恐怕小囝要割痛手. (五) 女人個名分拉屋裏燒飯做衣裳當心小囝, 男人個名分拉外頭做生意. (六) 衣裳乾之末難末要燙一燙. (七) 拉街上伊拉捉之一個賊, 現在送到官壗頭收監. (八) 第雙鞋子儂刷來勿好一顔勿亮. (九) 敲之鐘攏總學生子就要進去讀書學堂裏要坐定等先生來勿要大家打棚. (十) 要砌牆末先要打樁. (十一) 潮漲末就要開船行到平水佬停. (十二) 第個木柴要用斧頭來劈開來. (十三) 儂付之洋錢末我撥收條儂. (十四) 第個蛋煠來忒生要熟點. (十五) 今朝有客人來要儂做鷄蛋糕佬𩝣餅. (十六) 撥別人打耳光末算頂坍銃個事體. (十七) 田裏個麥收好末? 還勿曾爲之常莊落雨佬. (十八) 要儂去打聽打聽啥人造第個謠言. (十九) 第個饅頭担到火匟邊頭去烘烘. (二十) 叫木匠來用鋸子解開第個木頭. (廿一) 到木匠壗頭去借一把銼刀佬一隻刨. (廿二) 麻雀佬燕子是小個窵勿好吃, 鴿子末好吃個. (廿三) 單被佬被頭攤好拉床上. (廿四) 魚燻好末担來撥我吃吃看. (廿五) 伊個人攻打來, 我敵勿住伊, 撥伊打傷. (廿六) 出去拜客個時候先要打扮.

(Translate into Chinese)

(1) In cold countries the swallows fly away in the winter and return in the spring. (2) To have a lawsuit is a miserable affair, for you must use as much money. (3) My clothes were very dirty, so I told my servant to brush them well. (4) In the summer when it is warm you do not need a quilt, but in the winter you do. (5) The mandarin gave orders to cut off the robber’s head. (6) Some wicked people do not fear shame. (7) Has the school bell rung? If so I am late. (8) What is the matter with your foot? It was scalded by hot water. (9) When the tide rises the boat can travel very fast. (10) In front of my house I want to erect a fence. (11) Put some coal in the grate; probably to-night I will want to light a fire. (12) When you have split the fuel, tie it up in a bundle. (13) At the beginning the boys were only fooling, but afterwards they began to fight, and one of them was hurt. (14) A hammer, a saw, a plane, and a file are useful implements. (15) These pears and apples are unripe; if you eat them you will become ill. (16) At the end of the month the man goes out to collect his accounts. (17) Every one should do his duty.

(一) 拉冷個地方到之冬天燕子飛出去到之春上末轉來. (二) 打官司是苦腦個事體因爲儂總要用多化銅錢. (三) 我個衣裳齷齪來死所以我叫我個用人刷刷好. (四) 夏天熱個辰光儂勿要用被頭到之冬天末要個. (五) 官府分付殺脫第個強盗個頭. (六) 有個惡人勿怕坍銃. (七) 鐘敲好末? 若然已經敲好之末我晚哉. (八) 儂個脚那能, 是撥滾水燙之佬. (九) 潮漲末船可以行來快來死. (十) 拉我個房子個門前我要打笆. (十一) 火匟裏要擺煤, 今夜頭恐怕我要生火. (十二) 柴劈好之末要紮之一梱一梱. (十三) 起頭個辰光小囝必過拉打棚但是後來末就相打一個末受傷. (十四) 一個榔頭一把鋸子一隻刨一把銼刀是有用頭個傢生. (十五) 第個生梨佬蘋果是生個, 吃之要生病. (十六) 拉月底一個人要去收帳 (十七) 各人應該盡伊個名分

Notes.

(1) In the ninth sentence of the First Exercise, notice the expression {°zoo-ding°} (坐定), “to sit quiet.” (2) In the eleventh sentence of the First Exercise {Khe zen} (開船) means “to start the boat.” Literally it is “to open the boat.” In the same sentence {bing °s} (平水) means “slack water.” (3). In the eighteenth sentence of the First Exercise {zau-yau-yien} (造謠言) means “to start a rumor.” (4) In the twenty-fifth sentence of the First Exercise {dih-’veh-dzu°} (敵勿住) means “unable to oppose.” (5) In the fifth sentence of the Second Exercise, “to cut off the robber’s head,” is {sah-theh °di-kuh °jang-dau° kuh deu} (殺脫第個強盗個頭). (6) In the ninth sentence of the Second Exercise “to travel” is {‘ang} (行). (7) In the tenth sentence of the Second Exercise “to erect a fence,” is {°tang-po} (打笆).

LESSON XXVIII

Abstract Nouns formed from two Adjectives of opposite meaning

Very often two adjectives of opposite meaning are joined together to form an abstract noun of quality. Naturally the Chinese language is defective in abstract nouns, and their lack is partially supplied is this way. Thus \{Too-°sau}/ (多少), “Much-little,” means “quantity.”

\{Dzang-°toen}/ (長短), “Long-short,” means “length.” \{°Yoen-°jung}/ (遠近), “Far-near,” means “distance.” \{Kau-ti°}/ (高低), “High-low,” means “height.” \{°‘Eu-bok}/ (厚薄), “Thick-thin,” means “thickness.” \{Kwheh-‘ah}/ (關狹), “Broad-narrow,” means “breadth.” \{°Lang-nyih}/ (冷熱), “Cold-hot,” means “temperature.” \{Sung-°tshien}/ (深淺), “Deep-shallow,” means “depth.” \{Chung-°dzoong}/ (輕重), “Light-heavy,” means “weight.” \{Tshoo-si°}/ (粗細), “Coarse-fine,” means “texture” (of cloth).

Verbs are also used in much the same way. Thus we have \{Le-°waung}/ (來往). “Come-go,” meaning “intercourse,” or \{Le-chi°}/ (來去), “Come-go,” meaning, “going back and forth.” It generally occurs as \{Le-le-chi°-chi°}/. \{°Ma-ma°}/ (買賣), “Buy-sell,” means “business.”

VOCABULARY

To kneel, \°jui/ 跽. To forgive, \nyau-°so/ 饒赦, \kwhen-°an/ 寬限, \nyoen-liang°/ 原諒, or \kwhen-yoong/ 寬容. To comfort, \oen-we°/ 安慰. To sharpen, \moo/ 磨. To drive away, \°koen/ 趕, \°koen-theh/ 趕脫. To criticize, phi-bing 批評, or phi-thah 批搨. To roll, \°kwung/ 滾, or \°kwung ‘au° chi°/ 滾下去. To plaster, \°fung/ 粉. To plaster a partition, \°fung pih/ 粉壁. To string, (as cash), \tshen/ 串. To thread a needle, \tshen °yung-sien°/ 穿引線. To slander, \wo°-°liau/ 話料, \hwe°-°paung/ 毀謗, or \wo°-wa°/ 話壞. To accompany, or stay with a person, \be/ 陪. To nurse, \su-°tsang/ 輸帳. To crawl, \ban/ 𨂝. To climb, \bo/ 爬. To jump, to leap, \thiau°/ 跳. To reject, \the/ 推, or \the-theh/ 推脫. To feel, to touch, \mok/ 摸. To hoist (as a sail or flag), \tsha/ 扯. To run, as water, \lieu/ 流. To turn over, \fan/ 翻, or \fan-°tsen-le/ 翻轉來. To upset (as water), \°tang-fan/ 打翻. To turn round, \zien/ 旋, or \zien-°tsen-le/ 旋轉來. To manage, \kyung-°seu/ 經手. To pray, \jeu/ 求. To offer prayer, \°tau-kau°/ 禱告告. To repent, \hwe°-°ke/ 悔改. To regret, \au-lau°/ 懊憦. A crow, \ih tsak °lau-au/ 一隻老鴉. A hawk, \ih tsak iung/ 一隻鷹, or \°lau-iung/ 老鹰. A butterfly, \ih tsak ‘oo-dih/ 一隻蝴蝶. A pair of scissors, \ih °po °tsien-tau/ 一把剪刀. So that, \i-ts/ 以致. A screen, \ih sen° bing-foong/ 一扇屏風. A sail, \ih sen° boong/ 一扇篷. Scales, \thien-bing/ 天秤. A gong, \ih mien° kyung-loo/ 一面金鑼. Flour, \koen-mien°/ 乾麵. Butter, \°na-yeu/ 乳油. Milk, \nyeu-°na/ 牛乳. Sugar, \daung/ 糖.

EXERCISES

(Translate into English)

(1) Di°-sen° bing-foong °kyi-hau° kwheh-‘ah? (2) Di°-tsak siang-°ts iau° liang-liang-khoen° dzang-°toen, kau-ti °lau kwheh-‘ah. (3) Iau° noong° chi° °ma ih tsang °ts-deu theh di° tsang ih yang° °‘eu-bok. (4) Thien-bing °z iau°-°kyung kuh ka-sang, °khau-i tshung meh-z° kuh chung-°dzoong. (5) °Ngoo °jui la° yi mien°-zien jeu yi nyau-°so. (6) °Siau-noen sang bing° meh, nyang ’veh li-khe yi, °zoo la° zaung pien-deu su-°tsang yi. (7) ’Veh phi-bing bih nyung, keh-meh ’veh °zeu bih nyung kuh phi-bing. (8) We°-ts °khoong-pho° loo° ’veh zok, °soo-i °tshing bih nyung be °ngoo chi°. (9) Di°-°po °tsien-tau ih ngan ’veh kwha°, iau° chi° moo-moo. (10) Kyau° sau-van°-kuh nau °tien koen-mien°, dan°, nyeu-°na, °lau daung, tsoo° kyi-dan°-kau. (11) Thah °tien °na-yeu la° men-deu laung°, keh-meh °hau chuh °tien. (12) ‘Auh-sang-°ts la° khok we°-°ts bih nyung wo°-°liau yi, sien-sang kyau° yi ’veh iau° khok, °lau oen-we° yi. (13) °Ngoo kyau°-°ts yi meh, yi zieu° zien-°tsen-deu le khoen°. (14) Di°-kuh ih tsaung z°-°thi sa° nyung kyung-°seu kuh. (15) Bo zu° meh ’veh da° °wung-taung°, °khoong-pho° iau° tih thoong° °lau tih saung. (16) Iung-ke °koen-theh i-tsak °keu, °khoong-pho° iau° °ngau °siau-noen. (17) Tsha boong meh, zen ‘ang le kwha°. (18) Tsoong° dien-nyung ’veh hwen-°hyi °lau-au, we°-°ts yi-la° chuh-theh yi-la° san° la°-kuh °ts. (19) Dzang-z °lau-iung dzoong thien laung° fi-‘au°-le chuh-theh-°ts °siau kyi. (20) Tshen-°hau di°-kuh doong-dien, °lau soen°-soen° khoen° °yeu °kyi-hau°. (21) Ping-ting tsheh-chi° °tang-tsang°, khau koo °lau kyung-loo. (22) Di°-kuh zak-deu dzoong san °ting laung° °kwung ‘au°-le.

(一) 第扇屏風幾化闊狹 (二) 第隻箱子要量量看長短高低佬闊狹 (三) 要儂去買一張紙頭對第張一樣厚薄 (四) 天秤是要緊個傢生可以稱物事個輕重 (五) 我跽拉伊面前求伊饒赦 (六) 小囝生病末娘勿離開伊坐拉床邊頭輸帳伊 (七) 勿批評別人蓋末勿受別人個批評 (八) 爲之恐怕路勿熟所以請別人陪我去 (九) 第把剪刀一顔勿快要去磨磨 (十) 叫燒飯個拿點乾麵蛋牛乳佬糖做鷄蛋糕 (十一) 搨點乳油拉饅頭上蓋末好吃點 (十二) 學生子拉哭爲之別人話料伊先生叫伊勿要哭佬安慰伊 (十三) 我叫之伊末伊就旋轉頭來看 (十四) 第個一樁事體啥人經手個 (十五) 爬樹末勿大穩當恐怕要跌痛佬跌傷 (十六) 應該趕脫伊隻狗恐怕要咬小囝 (十七) 扯篷末船行來快 (十八) 種田人勿歡喜老鴉爲之伊拉吃脫伊拉散拉個子 (十九) 常時老鷹從天上飛下來吃脫之小雞 (二十) 串好第個銅錢佬算算看有幾化 (廿一) 兵丁出去打仗敲鼓佬金鑼 (廿二) 第個石頭從山頂上滾下來

(Translate into Chinese)

(1) These two men constantly have intercourse with one another. (2) The servant did not take care, and so upset a bucket of water. (3) Butterflies are very pretty, and children like to catch them. (4) Children before they learn to walk can first crawl on the ground. (5) If a man wants to be forgiven he should first repent. (6) What is the depth of this creek? (7) If you wish to know the texture of the cloth, you must feel it with your hand. (8) If you do not wear spectacles when you are old, you will be unable to thread your needle. (9) I drove away that beggar, because he followed after me calling out. (10) What is the distance between the sun and the earth? About ninety-two millions of miles. (11) The cat climbed up the tree and the dog could not catch it. (12) The little girl has no time to study, because her mother is sick, and she must stay at home and nurse her. (13) The water flows down from the top of the hill. (14) I regret that I told him, because he went and told everyone, and now every one knows it. (15) When you pray you should kneel down.

(一) 第個兩個人常庄大家來往. (二) 用人勿當心所以打翻之桶水. (三) 蝴蝶是蠻好看所以小囝歡喜捉個. (四) 小囝勿曾學會走先會得𨂝拉地上. (五) 一個人要得着饒赦先應該悔改. (六) 笫條浜有幾化深淺? (七) 若然儂要曉得第塊布個粗細儂終要用手摸模看. (八) 年紀老之佬勿戴眼鏡恐怕勿能彀穿引線眼. (九) 我趕脫之伊個告化子因爲伊跟拉後頭佬喊. (十) 地球離開日頭有幾化遠近? 約酌有九千二百萬英里. (十一) 貓爬到樹上所以狗捉伊勿着. (十二) 小囝無沒工夫讀書因爲伊個娘生病伊終要登拉屋裏輸帳伊. (十三) 水從山頂上流下來. (十四) 我懊憦我告訴伊因爲伊去對攏總人話以致攏總人全曉得個. (十五) 儂禱告個時候應該跽下來.

Notes.

(1) In the seventh Sentence of the First Exercise notice how {phi-bing} is used both as a noun and as a verb. (2) In the eighth sentence of the First Exercise {Zok} (熟), which means “ripe” of fruit, also means “well-known.” It also has the meaning of “thorough” as in the expression {dok-zok} (讀熟) meaning “to read thoroughly.” (3) In the thirteenth sentence of the First Exercise notice the position of the {deu} (頭), “head” between the {°Tsen} (轉) and the {le} (來). This is usual in Chinese. Verbs are often broken up in this way. (4) In the fifteenth sentence of the First Exercise {°wung-taung°} (穩當) means “safe.”

LESSON XXIX

Some Useful Phrases

As will be seen from the lessons already gone over Chinese is very largely composed of idiomatic phrases. The only way to become acquainted with these phrases is by the constant hearing of the spoken language. We shall introduce in this lesson a few useful phrases and show how they occur in sentences.

“All one’s life,” \{ih sang-ih-s°}/ (一生一世). Lit. “One life, one world.” “To run about,” \{Bau-le-bau-chi°}/ (跑來跑去). Lit. “Run come, run go.” “To decide,” \{Lih-ding-°tsu-i°}/ (立定主意). Lit. “To stand still the will.”

Good-bye (French, {au-revoir}), \{An°-hyih-we°}/ (宴歇會). Lit. “We will meet later,” or \{Tse°-we°}/ (再會). Lit. “I will see you again.”

The ordinary way of saying “good-bye” when you have been to call on a person is to say \{Chi°-tse}/ (去哉). Lit. “I am going.” Your host will say \{Man°-chi°}/ (慢去), meaning “Go slowly.”

The expression. \{Kan-nyih-we°}/ (間日會) would mean: “I will see you in a day or two.”

“Universal” \{°Phoo-thien-‘au°}/ (普天下), or \{‘Eh-thien-°ti-°‘au}/ (合天底下). Lit. “Beneath the whole of heaven.”

“Useless, in vain,” \{Bak-bak-°li}/ (白白裏). “Indispensable” is \{°Ba-’veh-tuk}/ (罷勿得).

VOCABULARY