Part 1238

1866. Quarrel of Austria and Prussia over the administration of Schleswig and Holstein; alliance of Prussia with Italy; outbreak of the Seven Weeks War; decisive Prussian victory at Sadowa, or Königgrätz; treaty of Prague; exclusion of Austria from the Germanic political system; formation of the North German Confederation; incorporation of the kingdom of Hanover, the electorate of Hesse, the duchies of Nassau, Schleswig and Holstein, and the free city of Frankfort, by Prussia. Success of Austria in the war with Italy, at Custozza on the land and at Lissa on the sea; success of Italy in the settlement of peace, receiving Venetia, on the demand of Prussia. Wreck of the Ministry of Lord John Russell on a reform bill; third Derby-Disraeli administration. Fenian invasion of Canada from the United States. Laying of the first successful Atlantic Cable. Beginning of the struggle of the Cretans for deliverance from the Turkish yoke. Reconstruction riot in New Orleans. Organization of the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States. Passage of the first Civil Rights Bill by the Congress of the United States over the President's veto; Congressional adoption of the Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment. Formation of the Ku-Klux Klan in the Southern States.

1867. Passage of the Disraeli Reform Bill by the British Parliament. Purchase of Alaska by the United States from Russia. Federation of Austria and Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Federation of the provinces of British America, forming the Dominion of Canada. Purchase of the title of Khedive from the Sultan by Ismail Pasha of Egypt. Fenian risings in Ireland. Renewed attempt by Garibaldi to liberate Rome from the Papal government; his defeat by the French at Mentana. Withdrawal of the French from Mexico; fall of the empire; execution of Maximilian. Passage of the Military Reconstruction Acts by the Congress of the United States; extension of suffrage to blacks in the District of Columbia.

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1868. Withdrawal of Lord Derby from the British Ministry; advancement of Disraeli to the premiership; passage of reform bills for Scotland and Ireland; defeat of the ministry on the Irish Church question; resignation of Disraeli; first administration of Mr. Gladstone. Revolution in Spain and flight of Queen Isabella to France. British expedition for the rescue of captives in Abyssinia; storming of Magdala; suicide of King Theodore. Negotiation of the Burlingame Treaty between China and the United States. Revolution in Japan; abolition of the Shogunate; restoration of the authority of the Mikado. Occupation of Samarcand by the Russians Impeachment, and trial of President Johnson in the United States; election of General Grant to the American Presidency. Ratification by the States of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

1869. Disestablishment of the Irish Church. Negotiation of the Johnson-Clarendon Treaty between the United States and Great Britain, rejected by the United States Senate. Expiration of the charter of the Hudson Bay Company and incorporation of its territory in the Dominion of Canada. Creation of the United States Bureau of Education. Opening of the Suez Canal. "Black Friday" in New York. Organization of the Knights of Labor. Congressional adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Adoption of a monarchical constitution in Spain; regency of Marshal Serrano. Adoption of Woman Suffrage at municipal elections in England, and at all elections in Wyoming Territory. Publication of Hartmann's "Philosophie des Unbewusstens."

1870. Sudden occurrence of the Franco-German War: invasion of France by the Germans; victories at Wörth, Spichern, Gravelotte, and Sedan; captivity of the French emperor; revolution at Paris; fall of the Empire; investment and siege of Paris by the Germans; surrender of Bazaine at Metz; unsuccessful resistance in the provinces. Completion of the new Germanic Confederation, embracing the states of South Germany, with the North German Confederation, and having the king of Prussia for its president. Passage of Mr. Gladstone's first Irish Land Bill by the British Parliament. Passage of the Education Bill in England. Occupation of Rome by the troops of the king of Italy; plebiscite for annexation to the Italian kingdom; end of the temporal sovereignty of the Pope. Election of Amadeo, of Italy, to the Spanish throne. Completed reconstruction of the American Union; ratification of the Fifteenth Constitutional Amendment.

1871. Capitulation of Paris; peace preliminaries of Versailles and treaty of Frankfort; French cession of Alsace and part of Lorraine, with five milliards of francs indemnity; election and meeting of a National Assembly at Bordeaux; organization of the Third Republic with Thiers as its President; evacuation of Paris by the Germans, followed by the insurrection of the Communists and their seizure of the city; siege and reduction of Paris by the national government. Assumption by King William of Prussia of the title "German Emperor"; proclamation of the constitution of the new Empire. Negotiation and ratification of the Treaty of Washington, between the United States and Great Britain; meeting of the Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva, for the settlement of the Alabama claims. Gradual emancipation of slaves enacted in Brazil. First attempts at Civil Service Reform in the United States, made by President Grant. Exposure of the Tweed Ring in New York. The Great Fire in Chicago. Transfer of the capital of Italy from Florence to Rome. Abolition of feudalism in Japan. Passage of the Force Bill by the Congress of the United States. The finding of Dr. Livingstone in Africa by Henry M. Stanley. Publication of Darwin's "Descent of Man," and Swinburne's "Songs before Sunrise."

1872. Award of the Geneva Tribunal of Arbitration in settlement of the Alabama Claims. Re-election of General Grant, President of the United States. The Credit Mobilier Scandal in the United States Congress.

1873. Resignation of President Thiers in France and election of Marshall MacMahon. Passage of the May Laws in the Prussian Diet, opening the contest with the Catholic Church known as the Kulturkampf. Appearance of the Home Rule movement in Irish politics. Abdication of the throne of Spain by Amadeo; unsuccessful attempt at republican government. Financial panic in the United States.

1874. Fall of the Gladstone Government in England; return of Disraeli to power. General Gordon's first appointment in the Sudan. Restoration of monarchy in Spain, under Alphonso XII., son of Queen Isabella. Publication of the first volume of Stubb's "Constitutional History."

1875. Adoption of a constitution in France. Revolt against Turkish rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Passage of the second Civil Rights Bill by the Congress of the United States.

1876. Founding of the International African Association by King Leopold of Belgium. Insurrection in Bulgaria, suppressed with atrocious cruelty by the Turks. Holding of the United States Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. First exhibition of the Telephone, by Professor Graham Bell. Disputed Presidential Election in the United States.

1877. War of Servia with the Turks; defeat of the Servians. Russo-Turkish War; sieges of Plevna and Kars. Assumption by Queen Victoria of the title "Empress of India." First election of Porfirio Diaz to the Presidency of the Mexican republic. Creation of the Electoral Commission in the United States; award of the Presidential election to Rutherford B. Hayes. Return of Stanley from his expedition across Africa, exploring the Congo.

1878. Second war of the English in Afghanistan. End of the Russo-Turkish war; Treaty of San Stefano, superseded by the Congress and Treaty of Berlin; independence secured to Servia and Roumania; transfer of Bosnia to Austria; division of Bulgaria into two states. Election of Pope Leo XIII. Passage of the Bland Silver Bill in the United States.

1879. Resignation of the Presidency of the French Republic by Marshal MacMahon and election of M. Jules Grevy. Massacre of English in Cabul; occupation of the Afghan capital by British forces; deposition of the Ameer. Beginning of war between Chile and Peru. Organization of the Land League in Ireland. Zulu War in South Africa. Formation of the International Congo Association.

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1880. Resignation of Disraeli from the British Ministry and return of Gladstone to power; passage of Gladstone's Second Irish Land Act. Renewed war against the English in Afghanistan. Election of James A. Garfield President of the United States.

1881. Occupation of Tunis by the French. Evacuation of Afghanistan by the British forces. Submission of Peru to Chile. Advent of the Mahdi in the Sudan. Arabi's revolt in Egypt. Suppression of the Irish Land League and arrest of Mr. Parnell and others. Institution of local assemblies in Japan. Assassination of the Czar Alexander II. Capture of Geok Tepe by Skobeleff, the Russian general. War of Great Britain with the Boers. Assassination of President Garfield;. succession of Vice President Arthur to the Presidency of the United States.

1882. Death M. Gambetta, in France. Elevation of Servia to the rank of a kingdom. British bombardment of Alexandria. Phœnix Park murders, of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke, at Dublin. Beginning of work on De Lesseps' Panama Canal.

1883. Death of the Comte de Chambord (called Henry V. by his supporters), claimant of the crown of France and last of the elder line of the Bourbons. Passage in England of the Act for Prevention of Corrupt and Illegal Practices at Elections. Destruction of Hicks Pasha and his army by the Mahdists of the Sudan. Passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Bill in the United States. Suppression of Arabi's rebellion; British occupation of Egypt.

1884. War of the French in Tonquin and with China. Passage in England of the Third Reform Bill. Meeting of the Berlin Conference to settle questions of acquisition in Africa. Beleaguerment of General Gordon at Khartoum by the Mahdists; British rescue expedition. Occupation of Merv by the Russians and completed conquest of the Turcomans. Election of Grover Cleveland President of the United States.

1885. Overthrow of the Gladstone Government in Great Britain and brief reign of Lord Salisbury. Revolutionary reunion of the two Bulgarias. Fall of Khartoum and death of Gordon. Transformation of the Congo Association into the Independent State of Congo.

1886. Banishment of the Bourbon princes from France. Recall of Gladstone to the head of the Government in England; his Home Rule Bill for Ireland and its defeat; resignation of Gladstone and return of Salisbury; division of the Liberal Party. Anarchist crime in Chicago. Undertaking of the "Plan of Campaign" in Ireland.

1887. Forced resignation of President Grevy, in France, and election of M. Sadi Carnot. Revision of the constitution of the kingdom of the Netherlands. Tariff Message of President Cleveland. African expedition of Stanley to rescue Emin Pasha.

1888. Threatening intrigues of General Boulanger in France; his prosecution and flight. Bankruptcy of the Panama Canal Company. Death of the German Emperor William I.; accession and death of Frederick III., and accession of William II. Incorporation in the German Zollverein of Hamburg and Bremen, the last of the Free Cities. Final abolition of slavery in Brazil. Inquiry into Irish matters by the Parnell Commission. Defeat of the Mills Tariff Bill in the United States Senate. Election of General Benjamin Harrison President of the United States.

1889. Abdication of King Milan of Servia in favor of his young son. Revolution in Brazil; expulsion of the Emperor and royal family from the country. Promulgation of the Constitution of Japan. Opening of Oklahoma to settlement. Destruction of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, by flood. Admission of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington, to the American Union. Chartering of the British South Africa Company. Publication of Bryce's "American Commonwealth."

1890. Dismissal of Bismarck from office by the German Emperor William II. Commercial collapse and political revolution in the Argentine Republic. Organization of the Republic of the United States of Brazil. Expulsion of Jews from Russia. Passage of the McKinley Tariff Act in the United States. Admission of Idaho and Wyoming to the American Union. Passage of the Sherman Silver Act. Anglo-German Convention defining boundaries in Africa.

1891. Dictatorship proclaimed by President Fonseca of Brazil, producing revolt; resignation of the President; installation of Floriano Peixoto. Civil war in Chile; defeat and suicide of President Balmaceda. Establishment of free schools in England. Death of Mr. Parnell.

1892. The Panama Canal Scandal in France. Election in Great Britain of a Parliament favorable to Home Rule for Ireland; resignation of the Salisbury Ministry; reascendency of Gladstone; passage of the Irish Home Rule Bill by the House of Commons and its defeat by the Lords. Evacuation of Uganda by the British East Africa Company. Passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act by the Congress of the United States. Election of Grover Cleveland President of the United States. Revolution in Venezuela. Difficulty between the United States and Chile.

1893. The World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. Revolution in the Hawaian Islands. Suspension of free coinage of silver in India. Repeal of the Sherman Silver Act by the Congress of the United States. Revision of the Belgian Constitution. War of the British South Africa Company with the Matabele. Popular vote in Colorado for the extension of equal suffrage to women.

1894. Assassination of President Carnot, in France; election of M. Casimir-Périer. War between Japan and China. The strike at Pullman, Illinois, and the "sympathy strike" of the American Railway Union. The "Coxey movement" in the United States. Passage of the Wilson Tariff Act. Turkish atrocities in Armenia. Passage of enabling act for the admission of Utah to the American Union. Triumph of the Peixoto government over the insurgents in Brazil. Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Ship Canal. Death of Alexander III., Czar of Russia; accession of Nicholas II.

1895. Resignation of M. Casimir-Périer, President of the French Republic; election of M. François Felix Faure to succeed him. Armistice pending negotiations between China and Japan.

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE WEST SAXON KINGS OF ENGLAND and LINEAGE OF THE DUKES OF NORMANDY TO THE CONQUEST OF ENGLAND.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST.]

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[Image:THE GUELF LINE OF DESCENT OF THE HOUSE OF HANOVER.

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[Image: THE CAROLINGIANS.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE KINGS OF GERMANY AND EMPERORS.] HOUSE OF HAPSBURG.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF FRANCE.]

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[Image: GENEALOGY OF THE BONAPARTE FAMILY.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE DUKES OF BURGUNDY.]

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[Image: THIRD HOUSE OF ANJOU.]

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[Image: LATER HOUSE OF LORRAINE.]

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[Image: LINAGE OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF CASTILE AND ARAGON TO THE UNION OF THE CROWNS.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE HAPSBURG AND BOURBON SOVEREIGNS OF SPAIN.]

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[Image: THE HOUSE OF SAVOY.]

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[Image: THE FAMILY OF THE MEDICI, IN FLORENCE.]

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[Image: THE HOUSE OF ORANGE-NASSAU.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF SWEDEN.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF DENMARK.]

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[Image: LINEAGE OF THE ROMANOFF SOVEREIGNS OF RUSSIA.]

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[Image: THE SELJUK TURKISH SULTANS.]

[Image: THE OTTOMAN TURKISH SULTANS.]

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A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH OCCASIONAL NOTES.

ANCIENT HISTORY: ORIENTAL.

BLISS, FREDERICK J. A mound of many cities, or Tell el Hesy excavated. London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1894.

BRUGSCH, HENRY. History of Egypt under the Pharaohs, derived entirely from the monuments. London: J. Murray. 1879. 2 volumes.

History of Egypt under the Pharaohs, derived entirely from the monuments. A new edition, condensed and revised by Mr. Brodrick. London: J. Murray. 1891.

Corrected in some particulars by later discoveries, the work of Dr. Brugach is still the most comprehensive summary of Egyptian history derived from the study of the monuments.

BUDGE, E. A. WALLIS. Babylonian life and history. London: R. T. S. 1884.

Number IV. In the series entitled "By-paths of Bible Knowledge."

The Mummy: chapters on Egyptian funeral archaeology. Cambridge: University Press. 1893.

CHEYNE, T. K. Jeremiah: his life and times. London: J. Nisbet & Co. [1888.]

CHURCH, ALFRED J. The story of the last days of Jerusalem. London: Seeley & Co. 1881.

The narrative of Josephus translated in the happy style for which Mr. Church Is famous.

CONDER, CLAUDE R. Heth and Moab, explorations in Syria In 1881-82. London: R. Bentley & Son. 1883.

Syrian stone-lore; or the monumental history of Palestine. London: Bentley & Son. 1886.

Published for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

DARMESTETER, JAMES. Les Prophètes d'Israel. Paris: C. Lévy. 1892.

DUNCKER, MAX. History of Antiquity; translated by Evelyn Abbott. London. 1877-82. 6 volumes.

EDWARDS, AMELIA B. Pharaohs, fellahs and explorers. New York: Harper & Bros. 1891.

A thousand miles up the Nile. London: Longmans. 1877.

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND. Memoirs. London: Trübner & Co. 1885.

The Store-city of Pithom and the route of the Exodus; by E. Naville.

Tanis; by W. M. Flinders Petrie, parts 1 and 2.

Naukratis; by W. M. F. Petrie, parts 1 and 2.

The Shrine of Saft el Henneh and the Land of Goshen; by E. Naville;

The Mound of the Jew and the City of Onias; by E. Naville;

Bubastis; by E. Naville.

The festival Hall of Osorkon II. in the great temple of Bubastis; by E. Naville.

Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna); by E. Naville.

ERMAN, ADOLF, Life in ancient Egypt. London and New York: Macmillan &Co.

EVETTS, BASIL T. A. New light on the Bible and the Holy Land, being an account of some recent discoveries in the East. New York: Cassell Co. [1894.]

EWALD, HEINRICH. History of Israel. London: Longmans. 1869-86. 8 volumes.

GEIGER, W. Civilization of the Eastern Iranians in ancient times; with an introduction on the Avesta religion. London: H. Frowde. 1885. 2 volumes.

GRAETZ, H. History of the Jews, from the earliest times to the present day. London: D. Nutt. 1891. 5 volumes.

Sketches the ancient history of the Jews very slightly but is full from the Roman Period down to 1870.

GRANT Sir ALEXANDER. Xenophon. (Ancient Classics for English Readers.) Edinburgh: W. Blackwood & Sons. Philadelphia: Lippincott & Co. 1811.

HARPER, HENRY A. The Bible and modern discoveries, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1890.

HERODOTUS. Stories of the East from Herodotus; by A. J. Church. London: Seeley & Co. 1881.

The story of the Persian War from Herodotus; by A. J. Church. London: Seeley & Co. 1882.

HERODOTUS. History; a new English version; edited with notes, etc., by George Rawlinson and G. Wilkinson. London: J. Murray. 1858. 4 volumes.

A work of great value, in which Canon Rawlinson and Mr. Wilkinson were assisted by Sir Henry Rawlinson, the Assyriologist. It in not every reader who has leisure two master such a book as Rawlinson's English 'Herodotus.' But; something of this fountain of history all may know; Even such pleasant boy's as Mr. Church's 'Stories from the East' and 'Stories from Herodotus' we get some flavour of the fine old Greek traveller. There are three great sections of Herodotus which are of special interest: 1. the history of the foundation of Cyrus' kingdom; 2. the books on the history, antiquities and customs of Egypt; 3. the immortal story of Marathon, Thermopylæ and Salamis." Frederic Harrison, The Meaning of History, page 90.

JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS. Works; Whiston's translation, revised by A. R. Shilleto. London: Bell & Sons. 1889.

LACOUPERIE, TERRIEN DE. Western origin of the early Chinese civilization. London: Asher & Co. 1894.

A definite presentation of the view long urged by Dr. Lacouperie, that the Akkadian or primitive Babylonian culture was communicated at an early day to the Chinese.

LEWIN, THOMAS. The siege of Jerusalem by Titus. London: Longmans. 1863.

LOCKYER, J. N. The dawn of Astronomy; a study of the temple-worship and mythology of the ancient Egyptians. London and New York: Macmillan & Co.

McCURDY, JAMES FREDERICK. History, Prophecy and the Monuments. London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1894.

A work in which the latest researches and studies in the East are made fruitful.

MARIETTE, AUGUSTE. Outlines of ancient Egyptian history. London: Gilbert & Rivington. 1890.

MASPERO, G. The dawn of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldæa; edited by A. H. Sayee. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1894.

Egyptian archæology; translated from the French by Amelia B. Edwards. London: H. Grevel & Co.

Hlstoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient. Paris: Hachette. 1886.

MILMAN, HENRY HART. History of the Jews. London: J. Murray. 3 volumes.

Bringing the modern account of the Jews throughout the world down to about 1860.

MORRISON, W. D. The Jews under Roman rule. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. London: T. F. Unwin. 1890.

In the series of "The Story of the Nations."