Volume VI., 25.

(e) Italy and Rome.

T. Mommsen: History of Rome, 1845 (1805).

G. A. Simcox: History of Latin Literature, 2734 (2660).

(f) India.

M. Duncker: History of Antiquity, 1741-1742 (1702-1703).

M. Williams: Religious Thought in India, 1742 (1703).

4. EDUCATION:

(a) Babylonia and Assyria.

A. H. Sayce: Babylonian Literature, 246, 697-698 (239, 674-675).

A. H. Sayce: Social Life among the Babylonians, 698 (675).

A. H. Sayce: Fresh Light from the Monuments, 150 (143).

"The primitive Chaldeans were preeminently a literary people, and it is by their literary relics, by the scattered contents of their libraries, that we can know and judge them. As befitted the inventors of a system of writing, like the Chinese they set the highest value on education, even though examinations may have been unknown among them. Education, however, was widely diffused." A. H. SAYCE.

(b) Egypt.

G. Maspero: Life in Ancient Egypt, 697 (674).

H. Brugsch-Bey: History of Egypt, 697 (674).

"In the education of youth the Egyptians were particularly strict; and ‘they knew,’ says Plato, ‘that children ought to be early accustomed to such gestures, looks, and motions, as are decent and proper; and not to be suffered either to hear or learn any verses and songs other than those which are calculated to inspire them with virtue.’" J. G. WILKINSON.

(c) Greece.

(1) Athenian.

Plato: Protagoras, 701 (678).

Aristotle: Politics, 701-702 (678-679).

J. P. Mahaffy: Old Greek Education, 703 (680).

J. A. St. John: The Hellenes, 703-704 (680-681).

W. W. Capes: University Life in Ancient Athens, 5 (5).

Guhl and Koner: Life of Greeks and Romans, 1657 (1619).

(2) Spartan.

C. Thirlwall: History of Greece, 704-5 (681-2).

(d) Alexandria.

J. H. Newman: Historical Sketches, 708 (685).

(e) Rome.

J. J. Döllinger: Gentile and Jew, 708-709 (685-686).

(f) Judæa.

E. Schürer: History of Jewish People, 700 (677).

H. Graetz: History of the Jews, 700-1 (677-678).

(g) China.

W. A. P. Martin: The Chinese, 698-699 (675-676).

(h) Persia.

G. Rawlinson: The Five Great Monarchies, 699-700 (676-677).

5. RELIGION:

(a) China.

R. K. Douglas: China, 432-433 (418-419).

(b) Egypt.

A. B. Edwards: The Academy, 305 (296).

(c) Greece.

C. C. Felton: Greece, Ancient and Modern, 804-805, 2453 (777-778, 2401).

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E. Curtius: History of Greece, 2452 (2400).

W. M. Leake: Topography of Athens, 2451 (2399).

C. Thirlwall: History of Greece, 2451 (2399).

G. Grote: History of Greece, 680 (657).

(d) India.

M. Williams: Religious Thought in India, 1742 (1703).

Hinduism, 1743-1744 (1704-1705).

J. T. Wheeler: History of India, 406 (396).

(e) Persia.

G. Rawlinson: Religions of the Ancient World, 3788-3789 (3666-3667).

M. Haug: Lectures on Zoroaster, 3790 (3668).

(f) Rome.

T. Arnold: History of Rome, 2981 (2903).

H. Macmillan: Roman Mosaics, 2981 (2903).

T. Mommsen: History of Rome, 195 (188).

W. Ramsay: Roman Antiquities, 196-197 (189-190).

Guhl and Koner: Greeks and Romans, 3743 (3623).

N. Hawthorne: The Marble Faun, 2476 (2417).

Note.—In nearly all cases, in the Studies that follow, all chronological divisions previous to the sixth or seventh centuries B. C. must be regarded as approximate only. The dates given are those generally accepted by the best scholars of the present day.

STUDY IV. Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA.

1. GEOGRAPHY:

G. Rawlinson: Five Great Monarchies, 2198 (2154).

F. Lenormant: Ancient History of the East, 2964 (2887).

G. Adam Smith: Historical Geography of the Holy Land, 2964 (2887).

2. CHALDEA-BABYLONIA:

A. H. Sayce: Fresh Light from the Monuments, 245-246 (239), and following authorities.

3. THE ACCADIANS, SUMERIANS, ELAMITES, AND CUSHITES:

A. H. Sayce: Babylonian Literature, 246, 698 (239, 675).

A. H. Sayce: Fresh Light from the Monuments, 150, 246 (143, 239).

A. H. Sayce: Races of the Old Testament, 2963 (2886).

Z. A. Ragozin: Story of Chaldea, 795(768).

J. F. McCurdy: History, Prophecy, and Monuments, 2965-2966 (2888-2889).

Dr. Tiele: History of Babylonia, 2967 (2890).

F. Lenormant: Ancient History of the East, 128-129 (121-122).

A. H. Sayce: Contemporary Review,