Part 7

By, through, over, over and above, besides, beyond, except; wrth, trwy, eithr, tros, tros hynu, ond hynu, draw, tu draw; dia, ana, peri, pros, atar, pera; per, trans, præter, ultra. By, the living or dwelling part; with, the possessions by man; dia, the part of the earth possessed; per peri, præter, pera, the part upon either of earth or water; trwy and through, possessions of land and water beyond the circle of view; over, from the view of the part upon; tros, trans and pros, the part from both of earth and water; except, taking out; ond hynu, but that; drau or tu drau, the other side or off the side of the part one possesses or place he stands upon; besides, by the side or below the parts; ultra, beyond the possessions or parts seen; beyond, by the upper covering.

Between, betwixt, among, amongst; rhyng, ymysg; ei, en, metaxu; inter. These signify the line i, dividing the things in the circle of possession, and the things in and about the circle of possession.

The Conjunctions of the English, Welsh, Greek, and Latin.

And; a, ac, ag; te, kai; et, que. And or ond, on in division or discourse; ac, and ag, its inflection, and also, a, dropping the c and g before a consonant, signify actions in general; te, et, yet, and the Welsh etto, signify, again; kai and que, signify an action.

If, unless, except; os, ai, oni; ei, me; si, nisi. Ai, ei, is it the action of the earth or water? If, life, or is it life? Os, is it seen off or from? Si, is it, or is it seen. Nisi, is it not? Unless, my spring out; except, taking from the parts of the possession; Oni, not from; Me, from me.

But, yet, still, also, likewise, notwithstanding, although; ond, etto, erhyn, eisoes, yn lleiaf; aute, eti, omos, alla; autem, sed, tamen, quoque, etiam, lix, licet, etsi, saltem. But, by man and things seen; etto and yet, it is or it springs; hence, eti, aute, autem, tamen, etiam; also, on so; ond, it is moving; likewise, the same way; still, light on things, although, upon to; notwithstanding, not opposing the former action; however, be the spring of action as it may; nevertheless, without any spring; erhyn, eisoes and omos, hitherto; sed, see it or if it be seen; quoque, acting therein, or and in which; the rest signify to be above ground at least.

For, because, therefore, as, as well as; er, am, mor, fel, am hynu, or achos, herwydd; eri, gar, dia, oti, os, ara, ar ou; propter, nam, tam, tamquam, quia, ergo; for, is the proving by the evidence of the things within the circle of possession or in the world; there, in therefore, er, eri and herwydd, signify the spring, and, therefore, the parts and spring within the circle; as, the earth seen; as well as, its surface or under it out of sight; wherefore, the parts in which circle; gar and ara, by the earth growth; am, am hynu, nam, tam and tamquam, by all things existing about us; os, by the visible circle of things; dia and oti, by the things possessed; quia, by your own existence; ou, by the spring of the circle; because, by the actions of the visible things of this world or our own actions; mor, by the things about the circle or world; fel, by the light; or achos, by the actions of the part of the world about us.

Or, either; neu, ai, aill; nai, eite; næ, aut, vel, sive. Or, signifies the circle of possession and of and from, as it is at a distance from us, but in this respect the things therein promiscuously, either the one thing or the other, as have any relation to each other; either, ai, eite and aut, action or matter; vel, sight or light; aill, action or light; sive, seen or not; neu and næ, in or spring.

Nor, neither; na, nac, nid, nis; mete, oude, oute; nec, neque, neu. Nor, not in the world or existence, neither, no action or rest; na, no matter; nac, no action or matter; nid and nis, no sight or sound, or it is not; mete, oude or oute, the privation of things; neu, no spring; nec and neque, no action.

Till, until; tra, cyd; eos ke, eoke; usque ad; till or until, during the spring of light upon the possessions; cyd, so long as things remain together; tra, during the possession of the earth; the rest signify during the co-existence of things.

PRONOUNS.

I, me, mine; mi, fi, fy; ego, eme, emos; ego, me, meus; i at first represented man, as a line, without his extension in matter, or in his first spiritual state, but now, as having relation to, and connection with matter; me, mi, and eme, from am-i or iam, signify this i or line, existing or extended with its ambient possessions. Hence T, which is this line extended, under heaven, came to be the hieroglyfic expression for extension and general things; and P its divider, for possessions, properties, terrestial parts and particular things; ego or egu, the springing U or man; emou and mei, its genitive or possessive case, signify the things and possessions about man; mine is my in, in me or my property; emos and meus signify the things seen about us; fi and fy inflect from mi.

You or thou, thee, thine; ti, dy; su, sos; tu, tuus. You from y-o-u signifies the off man, thou from th-o-u, the off man or woman; thee, ti, and tu, are the same; thine, is the off man’s in or possessions; dy, thy possession; su the female U or woman; tuus, and sos, the female possessions.

He, she, him, her, his, hers, it; fe or fo, hi, ith or ei; autos, aute, auto; ille, illa, illud, is, ea, id, ipse, ipsa, ipsum, suus, sua, suum. He or hi, the higher acting man; she, the lesser, lower, or female man; him, the higher man about; her, the more passive spring; his, of man; hers of a woman; it, ith, id, ille, autos, &c. signify man’s extension in his race and possessions.

We, us, ours; ni, ein; hemeis, hemeteros; nos, noster. We or wi, those in possession; us, the men seen; ours, of man; ni, the men in possession; ein, belonging to us; emeis, the men about; nos or nus, in us; noster, our possessions; emeteros, our surrounding possessions; o-ur, being the circle of man.

Ye, you, yours; chwi, eich; umeis, umeteros; vos, vester. Chwi, the from us; ye, those from; umeis, the females about; vos, those from; yours, of those from; eich, of the from us; umeteros and vester, the female possessions.

They, them, theirs; hwynt, eu; autoi, ekeinoi, spheteroi; illi, isti. These signify mankind, their race, spring, and possessions. Thus far as to the personal and possessive pronouns; now as to the demonstratives and relatives.

This, that; hwn, hon, hyn; autos, aute, touto, ekeinos; hic, is, ille. This, the man seen; that, the possession at; hwn, the man acting in; hyn, he in action; hic, the man acting; is and ille, the man seen; ekeinos, the man seen acting in the circle of possession; autos the same.

Any, some, one; un, yr un, peth; ostis, eis, enios, deina; aliquis, quidam, quicunque, ullus. Un signifies man in existence, as a mikrocosm representing our system of beings; one, is from un; any, is the earth in existence; some, the seen existences; yr un the one spring of existence; enios and eis, in existence; ullus, a man seen; aliquis, another man seen; ostis, the things about in the possessions; peth, a part or thing.

None; neb; outis, oudeis; nullus. Nullus, no man seen; outis and oudeis, no thing or possession; none, no one; neb, nobody.

Another; arall; allos, eteros; alius, alter, uter. Arall, allos, alius, signify the second; alter, uter and another, the second possession.

Who, which, what, that; pwi, pa, pa un; os, he, o, poios, poia, poion, tis, os, ti; qui, quæ, quod, quis, quæ, quid, is, ea, id. These as interrogatives signify which one, and what part or thing, and that one or thing? and as relative pronouns serve to express any antecedent part, member or thing in a sentence, as who or wch-U, the above man, which or wch-ich, the above action and what or wch-at, at the above; qui or uch-i, the above man, quæ or uch-æ, the above woman, and quod, the above thing.

Adverbs of Place.

Within, here, endwise, straight, upright; in tho yma, ofeun, tu fewn, insyth, cyfing, ar inion; endon, entautha, orthos, stenos, en brachei, eiso; intus, introrsum, hic, vere, arrecte, strictim, anguste. Within, intho, endon, intus and introrsum, signify the line of man’s existence, as his house, possession, or the part of space occupied by him, or taken up by his extension; endwise towards the sky or bounds of view; cyfin, shut close together, in length without breadth; strait, aright, arrecte and strictim, to be shut or pent up from roving to and fro; orthos, the possessions within the borders; stenos, to be within the possessions; en brachei, in the high country; inion, in the line; in syth, in the place standing upon; here, the length possessed by one; hic, him acting; ima, man or the line in the centre of existences or things; entautha, things in possession; eiso, within the circle or borders of the possessions.

Above, aloft, atop, upwards, lengthwise, longwise; uchod, bri, ar hyd, ar fynu, ar dyn, ar hir bell; uperthen, ano, elkedon; supra, sursum, sublime, tractim, longule. Tractim, the sun’s property of drawing upwards, above, from or beyond the bounds of view; bri, the high country or the firmament part; ar fynu, upon the upright; ar hyd, upon the length; ar dyn, upon the sun’s attracting property, or upon a draft; uperthen, the upper part of the line of possession; elkedon, the line of fire drawing upwards; ano, the sky; supra, above the earth; sursum, above the part possessed, or man standing up; sublime, up in the region of light; aloft, high from or above the part possessed; atop, at the top or the sky; upwards, upon the spring up; up, the spring of p.

Beneath, below, aground, down, under; isod, obri, tan, ilawr; upo, upenerthe, arden; sub, subter, humi, deorsum, funditus. Isod, below the circle of possessions; ilawr, to the ground; arden, from being up; funditus the bottom; deorsum and humi, from or below the part a man is upon; the rest are explained under the prepositions.

Out, without, outwards, abroad, of, from, around; o, allan, oddiallan, o amglych; exo, ektos, exothen, thurase, amphi; ex, foras, circum, extrorsum. Extrorsum, out of the border of a man’s inhabited possessions; allan, above the place inhabited; O, the circle of possessions; around, the circle of the earth inhabited; abroad, from the neighbourhood; foras, below the part of the circle; exothen, out of the inhabited possessions; the rest are explained under the prepositions.

Before, facing, onwards, forwards, ahead, throughly; mlaen, rhagbron, ir trwyn, oflaen, peneithaf; pros, porro, panuge; coram, prorsum, porro, penitus. Before, the part from man’s view; facing, the part seen in action; porro, the part from; prorsum, the part from man’s standing or being; coram, the border of the possessions; peneithaf and penitus, the farthest end; ir trwyn, to the end of the possessions.

Behind, astern, after all; in ol, yn olaf; ta ustata; postremo. Yn ol, in the shade of the man in possession; yn olaf its superlative degree; after all, off the possession of the shade; astern, below the possessions upon; behind, to be at the back; postremo, the last part of the place possessed; ta ustata, the last possessions.

Near, nigh; agos; engus; prope. Prope, the part from; agos, engus, and nigh, the first motion or action from; near, in the part upon.

Far, far away; o lar bid, imhell, hirbell; porrothen, apothen, makran; longe, procul, ultra, ulterius, eminus. These signify beyond the neighbourhood or the part inhabited upwards and sideways; as far, from the part upon; o lar byd, from the dwelling place; imhell, out of the sight upon the line of life; hirbell, very much so; porrothen, a part from the place inhabited; longe, an extensive place; procul, the upper country; ultra and ulterius, the country seen above.

Amongst, amidst, intermixedly, astray, largely, widely, hither and thither; rhong, rhoth, amisg, ar led, inganol, ima a thraw; metaxu, ana meson, deuro, kakeise, plateos, dapsilos; large, late, intermixte, ample, medie, huc atque illuc. Amysg, amidst, amongst, metaxu and intermixte, separating the things in the lower circle of possessions; astray, acting below the possessions; hither and thither, from the part possessed to the firmament; rhong, dividing the things within the circle of possession; inganol, inclosing all; ar lêd, large, late, upon a wide place at large about the ground; ima a thraw the part upon, and that from; dapsilos, the coasts from the part upon; rhoth and euros, the extension of the particles of light below; medie, dividing the parts possessed, as earth and water; huc atque illuc, to the man in possession, and him out of possession, the race of man or him in the sky; ample, the place about.

There, thereabout; yno, aco, o amgylch; ekei, autothi; illic, ibi. There, upon T or in the firmament; illic, ibi, and circiter, the firmament; os, osonte, ekei and autothi, the circle of the possessions in the sky; y no, aco and o amgylch, the circle of the possessions about a man.

Hence; oddiyma; enthende; hinc. Oddiyma, from the possessions about a man; hinc and hence, from him in possession or action; enthende, from the part in possession.

Thence; oddiyno; autothen; illinc. Illinc, from the place in the firmament here; thence, from the sky; O ddiyno and autothen, from the possessions yonder. Hither, hitherward, homeward, toward this way, hitherto, hereabout; tu ima, tu ac ima, fordd ima, dyro; proseti, entha, deuro, mechri, taute; huc, adhuc, hactenus, horsum, aliquorsum, retro, erga, versus. Tu ima, this side of the possessions; tu ac ima, the side of the possessions acting here; fordd ima, the way to these possessions; hyd yma, upon the length here; proseti, the part from to the possessions; entha, into the possessions; dyro and deuro, acting or coming here; mechri, about acting into the possessions; taute, the possession from that of man; huc and adhuc, acting towards man; hactenus, that part into possession; horsum, he from, to where man is; aliquorsum, another, which is from, to where man is; retro, returning from the possessions from; hither, from the firmament here; towards and the rest signify upon the spring to or home.

Thither, thitherto, that way; tu aco, fordd aco; ekeise, tede, ode; illuc, istuc. Thither and thitherto, from the sky or top of T, to the possessions at its bottom; tu aco, to the possessions from the sky; ekeise, from the possessions in the sky lower; tede, from the high possessions at T; ode, from the circle of T; illuc, from the place of light hither; istuc, from the place above to the lower possessions.

Where, somewhere, any where, whither, somewhither, which way, wherein, whereto; pale, ible, tuafle, i riw le, tua riw le, i riw fan; pou, poi, poi ti ophelos, epiachou, pothi; ubi, quid, quo, quoquo, quorsum, aliquo, aliquorsum, alicubi, uspiam. Where, somewhere and any where, acting or springing upwards from the part one is upon; whither, somewhither, wherein, whereto and which way, acting upwards from one part, place or possession to another; the Welsh signify, what place, to what place, towards what place, to one place and to some place, and are fully explained elsewhere; poi and pou the part from up; poi ti ophelos, the part from up, towards what or some place; epiachou, from the part acting upwards; pothi, the part from the possessions; ubi, springing to the high parts; quo, from upwards; quorsum, from the place of man’s existence upwards; aliquorsum, from another place of man’s existence upwards; alicubi and uspiam, from the part of man’s existence upwards above the sky.

Elsewhere; yn lle arall, yn yr uchelder; allachou, allathi; alibi. Elsewhere, from the lower place to the upper firmament; yn lle aral, in another or high place; yn yr uchelder, in the firmament; allachou, in the place above; allathi, in the high possessions; alibi, the high firmament.

Across, askant, askew, awry, aslant, aslope, athwart, crosswise, traverse, oblique; yn groes, ar wyr, ar osgo, ar draws, ar gam; plagios, parableden, endiastrophos; oblique, ex obliquo, torte. Torte is a top one on the upright line; oblique, from being an upright line; endiastrophos, an horizontal or meridian line; parableden, a traverse or contrary to an upright line; plagios, a plane one; ar gam, one upon the superficies of the earth; ar draws, one upon the traverse; ar osgo, upon the slope; ar wyr, from an upright; traverse, turned towards the surface; athwart, at the earth part; aslope, low to the place part; aslant, low towards the ground; awry, from an upright spring; askew, acting lower than the spring; askant, acting low towards the ground.

Apart, asunder, aside, besides, separately, severally, apiece; urtho i hun, ar neilldu, ar ben i hun, heb lau hyn, ar ddidol; choris, idia, kath ekaston, epi toutois, alla te; seorsim, seperatim, singulatim, præterea. Apart, a divided piece of earth or thing; asunder, the ground under; aside, the part by the side; separate, a part of the earth or thing out of or below the possessions; several, below the high spring; urtho i hun, a man by the side of the possessions; ar neill du, upon the other side; ar ben i hun, at his own end; heb lau hyn, without the assistance of this hand; ar ddidol, upon the division of place or culling; choris, below the borders; idia, the divided part; kath ekaston, by himself below the possessions; epi toutois, above the extent of the lower possessions; alla te, the upper or another possession; seorsim, below the circle or borders of the parts possessed; singulatim, the low inhabitant beholding or contemplating immensity; præterea, before the possessions of earth and water.

Everywhere; pob, pob lle, pob man; pantachou; ubique. These seem to express space, as pob, the parts from; pob lle and pob man, the parts of extension and existence of matter; pantachou, all upwards; ubique, beyond the higher parts, though inadequate to the ideas of space or extension.

No where; nid yn un man, nid yn un lle; oudame, oudamou; nusquam. These signify in no part or place, or the negatives of where, which have been already explained.

Adverbs of Time.

When, whence; pan, pa bryd, or hyn, o hyn amser; otan, opothen; quando, quum, unde. Pan, the part in; pa bryd, the part in season; o hyn amser, from this circle upon; otan, the circle in possession; opothen, the circle from the possession; when and whence, springing or acting in; unde, the spring in possession; hence quum and quando.

How long? how often? pa hyd, cynfynyched, pa sal gwaith? mechri ou, posakis? quamdiu, quoties? How long, what length of spring or action; how often, what action above in; pa hyd, what length of action or possession; cynfynyched, how often from the first; pa sal guaith, what spring of action; mechri ou, what acting about from the first; posakis, what acting and standing still; quamdiu, what rounds of the division of the spring; quoties, in what possession.

Once, only, only but; un waith, un amser, yn unig; apax, monon; semel, tantum, solummodo. Once, one action; only, one quality; un waith, one action, or going; un amser, one round of what is upon; yn unig, in one action; apax, from the action or first action; monon, the motion of the circle or one motion; semel, upon the lower round; tantum, whilst in possession.

Twice, secondly; dwywaith, ailwaith; dis, deuteron; bis, secundo. These signify a division of the lower circle of motion or action.

Thrice, thirdly; teirgwaith, yn drydydd; treis, triton; ter, tertio. These signify the action of the third day’s creation, viz. the division or separation of land and water.

Four times, fourthly; pedairgwaith, yn bedwaredd; tetrakis, tetartos; quater, quarto. The division of the luminaries or the action of the fourth day.

Often, oftentimes, many times; mynych, llaergwaith; pollakis, polloston, sunachos; sæpe, multoties, sæpenumero. Often off or above ten; oftentimes, above ten times; many times, the small things; mynych, bordering on the highest; llawar gwaith, the action of the circle of the hand upon the fingers, as well as a part of the action of the whole circle; pollakis, a part of all the lower action; polloston, a part of the lower possessions; sunachos, from the first action; sæpe, a thing, from standing still; sæpenumero, a thing from standing still in the spring of existence.

So often; cynfynyched; tosakis; toties. So often, the lower circle above ten; cynfynyched, the first action bordering on the highest; tosakis and toties, the action of the lower or lesser circle of life.

Yesterday; doe; echthes; heri. Heri, the action from; yesterday, or yest-heri-day, the action of the day past; doe, the division or day from or past; echthes or ech-doe, the d inflecting into th, the action of the past division.

Erst, at first, in time past, formerly, before hand, before time, heretofore, yore, aforetime, agone, long ago, a great while ago, laterally; erhyn, cynt, cynhyn, or blaen, er ys talm, ymlaen llaw, gynt oll, er ys meitin; archen, protos, emprothen, pro tou prin, apotoude, enteuthen, palai; primo, antehac, olim, antea, abhinc, jamdudum, pridem. Jamdudum, during the spring of time; prin, primo, protou, protos, first, emprothen and pridem, from the beginning of fire or motion in the lower existences; er, the spring; erst, the spring of the lower possessions; formerly, the spring of forms; ago, the action from; while, the flowing of the upper light; cynt, the first action of worldly possessions; cyn hyn, before this time or existence; or blaen, ymlaen, and ymlaen llaw, from or before the existence of this place; gynt oll and olim, before all existence here; antehac and antea, in the possession before the present; archen, the beginning of the present earth; er ys meitin, er ys talm and er hyn, this spring or possession; abhinc, from the beginning of action; yore, the circle of time from; palai, the part upon action.

Betimes; yr inion bryd; en deonti; tempore. These signify directly in season.

Now, already, ever, evermore, always; yn aur, erioed, aur hon, byth, pob amser, yn wast adol, pryd hyn, yndragywydd; nun, aei, diapantos, ede; nunc, jam, jamjam, semper, sempiternum, perpetuo. Now, nun, and nunc, yn aur, aur hon, ever and evermore, in the spring; byth, the life; pryd hyn, the part upon the length; yn dragywydd, in the duration of the spring; yn wastdol, in the state of all things; jam, the existence; semper, the existence part; already, ready up; always, upwise; aei, motion or action; hede, the length; diapantos, all possessions; erioed, the spring of age.

Never; erioed ni fu, byth ni bu; oude pote, mede pote; numquam. These signify not in life, spring or existence.

To-day, in the morning, to-morrow; heddiw, yn y bore, y fory; temeron, proi, aurion; hodie, mane, cras. Day, heddiw and hodie, is the division of action; temeron, the part in action; morning, bore and fory, the spring of all terrestial existences; proi, the part from in; aurion, the spring in motion; mane, the spring in the earth; cras, the action of the sun or light below.

A night; yn y nos; nuktos; nocte. In y nos, in no sight or light; noctu and the rest, in no firmament act.

Next; ong, nesaf; engistos; proxime. Ong, moving on; next, the out to us; nesaf, the thing from us; the rest are the same.