Part 144

=ronger=, _v.a._, to gnaw, to nibble, to pick; to waste, to consume, to eat up, to corrode; to fret, to torment, to prey upon (the mind). _— un os_; to pick, _or_ gnaw, a bone. _— son frein_; to champ the bit; to fret inwardly, to chafe. _— ses ongles_; to bite one’s nails. _La rouille ronge le fer_; rust corrodes iron. _Donner un os à — à quelqu’un_; (fig.) to bestow upon, to grant any one, a favor; to cut out work for any one, to give any one trouble.

=rongeur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (mam.) rodent; gnawing, biting; corroding; consuming. _Ver —_; never-dying worm.

=ronron=, _n.m._, purr, purring. _Faire —_; to purr.

=roquefort=, _n.m._, Roquefort cheese.

☉=roquelaure=, _n.f._, roquelaure (sort of cloak).

=roquentin=, _n.m._, dotard, gray-beard, old buck.

=roquer=, _v.n._, to castle, to rook (at chess).

=roquet=, _n.m._, pug-dog; (fam.) dog, puppy, cur (person).

=roquette=, _n.f._, (bot.) rocket. _— sauvage_; wild rocket.

☉*=roquille=, _n.f._, gill, quartern.

=rorage=, _n.m._, dew-bleaching.

=rosace=, _n.f._, (arch.) rose; rose-work; (Gothic arch.) rose-window.

=rosacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) rosaceous.

=rosacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) rose-tribe, rosaceæ.

=rosage=, _n.m._, (bot.) oleander, rose-bay; rosing (dyeing).

=rosagine=, _n.f._, (bot.) rose-bay.

=rosaire=, _n.m._, rosary.

=rosat=, _adj._, (pharm.) of roses. _Miel —_; honey of roses.

=rosbif=, _n.m._, (_—s_) roast-beef.

=rose=, _n.f._, rose; (arch.) rose-window; rose-diamond. _Couleur de —_; rose-colored. _De —_; rosy. _— d’Inde_; African marigold. _Laurier-—_, (_—s-—s_) rose-laurel. _— gueldre_; Guelder-rose. _— des quatre saisons_; monthly rose. _— de diamants_; cluster of diamonds in the form of a rose. _Diamant en —_; rose-cut diamond. _— des vents_; (nav.) compass-card. _Découvrir le pot aux —s_; to find out the secret. _Il n’est point de — sans épines_; there is no rose without a thorn.

=rose=, _adj._, rosy, pink; rose-colored.

=rose=, _n.m._, rose-color.

=rosé=, =-e=, _adj._, roseate, rosy.

=roseau=, _n.m._, reed, reed-cane; reed-grass. _— de marais_; common marsh-reed. _— cultivé_; evergreen reed. _— odorant_; sweet-flag. _— des Indes_; bamboo. _Lieu planté de —x_; reed-bank. _Plein_, or _couvert_, _de —x_; reedy. _C’est un — peint en fer_; his looks belie his firmness.

=rose-croix=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) Rosicrucian.

=rosée=, _n.f._, dew; (vet.) oozing blood. _— du soleil_; (bot.) sun-dew. _— du matin_; morning-dew. _Goutte de —_; dew-drop.

=roselet= (rô-zlè), _n.m._, (mam.) stoat.

=roselière=, _n.f._, reed-bank, reed-field.

=roselle=, _n.f._, (orni.) redwing.

=roséole=, _n.f._, (med.) roseola, scarlet rash.

=roser=, _v.a._, to rose. _Se —_; to become rosy; to assume a roseate hue.

=roseraie= (rôz-rè), _n.f._, rosery, rose garden.

=rosette=, _n.f._, rosette; small rose; rose-diamond, rose; red ink; red chalk; (ich.) gray gurnard; (metal.) cake; (orni.) redwing, swine-pipe; (hat-making) tip; (paint.) rosette, roset. _Diamant à —_; rose-diamond.

=rosier=, _n.m._, rose-tree, rose-bush.

=rosière=, _n.f._, rose-queen; (ich.) minnow, pink.

=roson=, _n.m._ _V._ =rosace=.

=rosse=, _n.f._, jade, screw; (ich.) roach.

=rosser=, _v.a._, to belabor, to lick, to thrash, to maul, to drub, to give a drubbing to.

*=rossignol=, _n.m._, (orni.) nightingale; pipe, flute (made of bark); stop (of organ); picklock; skeleton key; (carp.) wedge; shopkeeper (old article). _— d’Arcadie_; jackass. _— de muraille_; (orni.) red-start.

*=rossignoler=, _v.n._, (fam.) to imitate the nightingale’s song.

=rossinante=, _n.f._, Rosinante (sorry horse).

=rossinante=, _n.m._, Rosinante (Don Quixote’s horse).

=rossolis=, _n.m._, rossolis (liquor); (bot.) sun-dew.

=roster=, _v.a._ _V._ =rouster=.

=rostral=, =-e=, _adj._, rostral.

=rostre=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) rostrum.

=rostré=, =-e=, _adj._, rostrate, rostrated.

=rosture=, _n.f._ _V._ =rousture=.

=rot=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) belch, eructation. _Faire un —_; to belch.

=rôt=, _n.m._, roast, roast meat; first course. _Gros —_; joint of meat. _Petit —_; roast of game.

=rotacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) rotate, rotated.

=rotang=, _n.m._ _V._ =rotin=.

=rotateur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) rotator; rotatory.

=rotateurs=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) rotatories.

=rotation=, _n.f._, rotation.

=rotatoire=, _adj._, rotatory.

=rotatoires=, _n.m.pl._ (ent.) rotifers, rotatories, wheel-animals, wheel-insects, wheel-animalcules.

=rote=, _n.f._, rota (court of Rome).

=roter=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to belch.

=rôti=, _n.m._, roast, roast meat (prov.). _Il ne faut pas s’endormir sur le —_; we must have our wits about us, _or_ not neglect our work.

=rôtie= (-tî), _n.f._, toast. _Une —_; a round of toast. _— au beurre_; buttered toast. _— au vin_; toast in wine.

=rotifère=, _n.m._, (ent.) rotifer, wheel-animal.

=rotiforme=, _adj._, (zoöl.) wheel-shaped.

=rotin=, _n.m._, (bot.) rotang; rattan, rattan-cane.

=rôtir=, _v.a._, to roast; to broil; to toast (bread); to burn, to parch. _— au four_; to bake. _N’être bon ni à — ni à bouillir_; to be fit for nothing.

_se_ =rôtir=, _v.r._, to parch, to burn, to roast one’s self.

=rôtir=, _v.n._, to roast, to broil, to toast.

=rôtissage=, _n.m._, roasting.

=rôtisserie= (-ti-srî), _n.f._, cook-shop.

=rôtisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cook-shop keeper. _— en blanc_; poulterer.

=rôtissoire=, _n.f._, roasting screen, roaster, Dutch oven.

=rotonde=, _n.f._, rotunda, back part of a diligence. _En —_; circular.

=rotondité=, _n.f._, rotundity, roundness; plumpness, fatness.

=rotule=, _n.f._, (anat.) patella, knee-cap.

=roture=, _n.f._, commonalty, plebeian state. _Il est né dans la —_; he is of ignoble birth.

=roturi-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, commoner; plebeian, of mean birth; vulgar, mean. ☉_Air —_; vulgar air.

=roturièrement= (-rièr-mān), _adv._, in a plebeian manner; vulgarly.

=rouage=, _n.m._, wheelwork, wheels; machinery; (horl.) movement.

=rouan=, =-ne=, _adj._, (of horses) roan.

=rouan=, _n.m._, roan horse.

=rouanne=, _n.f._, brand-iron, marking-iron.

=rouanner=, _v.a._, to brand, to mark.

=rouannette=, _n.f._, (carp.). _V._ =rainette=.

=rouble=, _n.m._, rouble, ruble (Russian coin).

=rouc=, _n.m._ _V._ =rock=.

=rouche=, _n.f._, (nav.) a ship’s hull.

=roucou=, _n.m._, (bot.) and (dy.) arnotto.

=roucouer=, _v.a._, to paint with arnotto.

_se_ =roucouer=, _v.r._, to paint one’s self with arnotto.

=roucoulement= (-kool-mān), _n.m._, cooing.

=roucouler=, _v.n._ and _a._, to coo (pigeons); to warble (out) _or_ (forth).

=roucouyer=, _n.m._, (bot.) arnotto-tree.

=roudou=, _n.m._ _V._ =redoul=.

=roue=, _n.f._, wheel; paddle; (torture) wheel; (artil.) truck. _— d’affût de canon_; truck of a gun-carriage. _— d’une horloge_; clock-wheel. _— à aubes_ or _à pales_; paddle-wheel. _— hydraulique_; water-wheel. _Pousser à la —_; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel, to help on. _Mettre des bâtons dans les —s_; to thwart, to put spokes into the wheels (of). _Un paon fait la —_; a peacock spreads his tail. _Faire la —_; to strut, to stalk, to show off, to wheel about; to tumble over and over, to do the windmill. _— de compte_; (horl.) notch-wheel. _— dentée_; toothed-wheel, _— de rencontre_; (horl.) balance-wheel. _— de câble_; (nav.) coil. _— de gouvernail_; steering-wheel. _Mettre à la —_; to rack, to put to the rack.

=roué=, _n.m._, roué; rake, profligate; trickster.

=roué=, =-e=, _adj._, crafty, sharp, artful; very deep; knocked up, broken down. _— de coups_; soundly thrashed.

=rouelle=, _n.f._, round slice, collop; (vet.) rowel. _— de citron_; slice of lemon. _— de veau_; fillet of veal.

=rouennerie= (rooa-n-rî), _n.f._, printed cotton goods; Rouen goods.

=rouer=, _v.a._, to break upon the wheel; to crush; to jade. _— quelqu’un de coups_; to beat any one unmercifully. _Être roué de fatigue_; to be jaded with fatigue. _— un câble_; to coil a cable.

=rouerie= (roo-rî), _n.f._, piece of knavery, sharp practice, cheat; trickery.

=rouet=, _n.m._, small wheel; spinning-wheel; purr (of a cat); (nav.) sheave. _— de moulin_; cog-wheel of a mill. _— de tisserand_; weaver’s cloth-beam. _— d’arquebuse_; lock of an arquebuse. _Faire le —_; to purr.

=rouette=, _n.f._, (tech.) osier-twig.

=roue-vis=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) screw-wheel.

=rouge=, _adj._, red; blood-red; blood-shot; red-hot. _Fer —_; red-hot iron; (of partridges) red-legged. _Boulets —s_; red-hot balls. _Cuivre —_; copper. _— trogne_; (fam.) red face.

=rouge=, _n.m._, red; red paint, rouge; redness, blush; (orni.) shoveler. _— vif_; deep red, bright red. _— brun_; brownish red. _— d’écarlate_; scarlet. _— sanguin_; blood red. _— de garance_; madder.

=rouge=, _adv._, only used in: _Se fâcher tout —_; to get downright angry.

=rougeâtre= (-jâtr), _adj._, reddish.

=rougeaud=, =-e= (-jô, -d), _n._ and _adj._, red-faced person; ruddy-faced, red-faced, ruddy.

=rouge-bord=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) bumper (of red wine).

=rouge-gorge=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) redbreast, robin redbreast.

=rougeole= (-jol), _n.f._, (med.) measles, (bot.) cow-wheat.

=rouge-queue=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) red-start, red-tail.

=rouget=, _n.m._, (ich.) gurnet, red gurnet; red surmullet; (ent.) wheal-worm. _adj._, reddish.

=rougette=, _n.f._, (mam.) pteropus.

=rougeur=, _n.f._, redness, blush, glow, color. _pl._, (med.) rosy-drop, red-spot. _La — lui est montée au visage_; the color came into her cheeks.

=rougir=, _v.n._, to redden, to grow red; to color, to color up, to blush, to be ashamed. _— de honte_; to blush with shame. _— de colère_; to grow red with anger. _— jusqu’au blanc des yeux_; to blush up to the eyes, to color up to the eyes. _Faire — quelqu’un_; to put any one to the blush.

=rougir=, _v.a._, to redden; to tinge with red or blood; to mix red wine with water.

=roui=, _n.m._, steeping, soaking, maceration; retting; fustiness, rancidness. _Sentir le —_; to have a rancid taste.

*=rouille=, _n.f._, rust, rustiness (of metals); flaw (of mirrors); (bot.) mildew, blight, blast. _La — mange le fer_; rust corrodes iron. _Ces froments sont chargés de —_; this wheat is mildewed.

*=rouillé=, =-e=, _adj._, rusty; blighted (of corn).

*=rouiller=, _v.a._, to rust, to make rusty; to blight; to impair.

_se_ =rouiller=, _v.r._, to rust, to grow rusty; to get rusty, to become rusty; to rust, to be impaired.

*=rouilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ferruginated.

*=rouillure=, _n.f._, rustiness, rust.

=rouir=, _v.a._, to steep, to soak, to macerate (hemp, flax), to ret.

=rouir=, _v.n._, to be retted.

=rouissage=, _n.m._, soaking, steeping, retting.

=rouissoir=, _n.m._, rettery.

=roulade=, _n.f._, roll, rolling; (mus.) roulade, trill, shake; (cook.) collar. _Faire une — de_; (cook.) to collar.

=roulage=, _n.m._, rolling; carriage (of goods); wagon-office; wagoning. _— accéléré_; fly-wagon. _Voiture de —_; goods wagon.

=roulant=, =-e=, _adj._, rolling; easy (of roads); (surg.) moving (of veins). _Chemin —_; easy way. _Feu —_; (milit.) running fire. _Presse —e_; (print.) press at work.

=rouleau=, _n.m._, roll; roller; rolling-pin; roll, twist (of tobacco); coil (of a rope); (med.) roller; (print.) roller; (tech.) sheave. _— de papier_; roll of paper. _Plier en —_; to roll up. _Être au bout de son —_; to be at one’s wits’ end, _or_ at the end of one’s tether. _— d’imprimeur_; printer’s roller.

=roulée=, _n.f._, (pop.) thrashing, drubbing.

=roulement= (rool-mān), _n.m._, rolling, roll, rumbling; (mus.) roll; roll (of a drum); rotation; volutation. _— d’yeux_; rolling of the eyes. _— de fonds_; (com.) circulation of capital. _Fonds de —_; floating capital.

=rouler=, _v.a._, to roll, to roll up; to wind, to wind up; to revolve, to turn over; to pass, to pass away; (of meat) to collar; (fig.) to do for a person. _— une chose dans sa tête_; to turn a thing over in one’s mind. _— sa vie_; to pass one’s life. _— carrosse_; to keep a carriage. _Je l’ai roulé_; I did for him _or_ I bowled him over.

_se_ =rouler=, _v.r._, to roll one’s self, to roll, to tumble; to wallow; to wind; to fight, to have a set to.

=rouler=, _v.n._, to roll, to revolve; to tumble; to toss; to ramble, to wander, to stroll; to keep going; to succeed by rotation; to be plentiful; to turn upon (of a thing). _Faire — la presse_; (print.) to set the press going. _— sur l’or et sur l’argent_; to roll in riches. _Tout roule là-dessus_; all turns upon that. _Ils roulent ensemble_; they take their turns. _Faire —_; to keep going. _Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas de mousse_; a rolling stone gathers no moss. _La conversation roula sur ce sujet_; the conversation turned upon this subject.

=roulet=, _n.m._, hatter’s roller.

=roulette=, _n.f._, roller, truckle, little wheel; truckle-bed; ☉hand-chaise, Bath-chair; caster; roulette (game); (geom.) cycloid. _Cela marche comme sur des —s_; that is getting on swimmingly. _Lit à —s_; bedstead on casters. _— de relieur_; book-binder’s fillet.

=rouleur=, _n.m._, (ent.) vine-fretter, vine-grub, (nav.) rolling vessel.

=rouleuse=, _n.f._, caterpillar.

=roulier=, _n.m._, wagoner, carter, carrier.

=roulière=, _n.f._, wagoner’s smock.

=roulis=, _n.m._, (nav.) rolling, laboring; roll (of the waves).

=rouloir=, _n.m._, rolling-board (for candles); roller, cylinder.

=roulotte=, _n.f._, wagon.

=roupie=, _n.f._, rupee; (l.ex.) snivel. _Avoir la —_; to snivel.

=roupieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (l.u.) snively, sniveling.

*=roupiller=, _v.n._, (pop.) to doze, to snooze.

*=roupilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pop.) dozer, snoozer.

=roure=, _n.m._, (bot.) English oak.

=roussâtre=, _adj._, reddish, russet.

=rousseau=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (fam.) red-haired fellow; red-haired.

=rousselet= (roo-slè), _n.m._, (bot.) russet pear.

=rousserolle= (roo-srol), _n.f._, (orni.) great sedge-warbler.

=roussette=, _n.f._, (orni.) bog-rush, hedge-sparrow; (ich.) dog-fish, bounce; (mam.) pteropus.

=rousseur=, _n.f._, redness; freckle. _Avoir des —s_, _avoir des taches de —_; to be freckled.

=roussi=, _n.m._, burnt smell; burning, smell of burning; ☉Russia leather.

=roussin=, _n.m._, thick-set stallion. _— d’Arcadie_; ass, jackass, moke.

=roussir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to redden; to singe, to scorch; to dye of a rusty color, or of a fawn-color; to grow red, to turn red; to singe, to scorch. _Faire —_; to brown (meat, etc.).

=roussissage=, _n.m._, dyeing red.

=rouster= _or_ =rusturer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to woold, to wind (ropes).

=rousture= _or_ =rosture=, _n.f._, (nav.) woolding.

=rout= (raoot), _n.m._, (_—_) rout (assembly). _V._ =raout=.

*=routailler=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to track.

=route=, _n.f._, road, way; journey, route, direction, path, course; (nav.) track, course, way, run; riding (in a forest); track, path (of planets, comets). _Grand’—_, (_—-—s_) highway. _— ordinaire_; common road. _— de traverse_; cross road. _Il est resté en —_; he remained behind. _Il est en —_; he is on his way. _Prendre la — de_; to take the way to, to go in the direction of, to make for. _Faire —_; to travel. _Faire —_; (nav.) to sail. _À la —!_ (nav.) steer the course! _Porter à —_; to go, _or_ take, a straight course. _Faire fausse —_; to take the wrong road; (nav.) to alter the course; (fig.) to take a wrong step; to make a mistake. _— estimée_; (nav.) dead reckoning. _Feuille de —_; (milit.) route; way-bill (of public conveyances). _On lui a tracé sa —_; his course is marked out for him. _La — de la vertu_; the path of virtue.

=routier= (-tié), _n.m._, (geog.) tract chart, road book; (nav.) sailing orders, guide, pilot. _Vieux —_; old stager.

=routi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of roads. _Carte —ère_; road-map. _Locomotive —_; traction engine, road engine.

=routine=, _n.f._, routine, habit; rote (frequent repetition of sounds). _Par —_; by routine, by habit, by rote.

=routiner=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to teach by routine.

=routini-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, person acting by routine, red-tapist; of routine, routine-like.

=routoir=, _n.m._, retting-pond; retting-pit.

=rouverin= (roo-vrin), _adj.m._, (metal.) blistered, brittle, hot, short.

=rouvieux= _or_ =roux-vieux=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._ (_n.p._), (vet.) mange; mangy.

=rouvre=, _n.m._, (bot.) English oak. _V._ =roure=.

=rouvrir=, _v.a._, to open again. _— une plaie_; to reopen a wound. _Se —_; to open again.

=rou-x=, =-sse=, _adj._, reddish, red-haired, russet; sandy, carroty. _Vents —_; cold dry winds. _Lune —sse_; April moon.

=roux=, _n.m._, reddish color; russet; (mam.) field-mouse; (cook.) brown butter sauce. _— ardent_; fiery red.

=roux-vieux=, _n.m._ _V._ =rouvieux=.

=royal=, =-e= (roa-yal), _adj._, royal, regal, kingly, kinglike.

=royale= (roa-yal), _n.f._, tuft of beard just below the underlip, chin-tuft.

=royalement= (roa-yal-mān), _adv._, royally, regally, in a kingly manner.

=royalisme= (roa-ya-), _n.m._, royalism.

=royaliste= (roa-ya-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, royalist.

=royaume= (roa-yôm), _n.m._, kingdom, realm.

=royauté= (roa-yô-), _n.f._, royalty. _Abdiquer la —_; to abdicate the throne. _Les marques de la —_; the regalia.

=r.p.=, initial letters of _Révérend Père_; reverend father.

=rr.=, abbreviation of _Royales_, royal.

=ru=, _n.m._, channel _or_ bed (of a small stream).

=ruade=, _n.f._, kick (of horses, etc.). _pl._, kicking. _Détacher_, or _lancer_, _une —_; to give a kick.

=rubabelle= _or_ =rubace=, _n.f._, rubicel, rubicelle.

=ruban=, _n.m._, ribbon; (arch.) beading. _Garniture de —s_; set of ribbons. _— de fil_; tape. _—-d’eau_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) bur-reed, reed-grass. _Canon à —_; twisted gun-barrel. _—s de la glotte_, _—s vocaux_; (anat.) vocal cords. _— de soie_; silk ribbon. _— de velours_; velvet ribbon.

=rubané=, =-e=, _part._, (zoöl.) striped; flattened, ribbon-like. _Canon —_; twisted gun-barrel.

=rubaner=, _v.a._, to trim with ribbons; to arrange flax and hemp fibers; to divide wax into bandelets; to twist a band of iron to turn it into gun-barrels.

=rubanerie= (-ba-n-rî), _n.f._, ribbon-weaving; ribbon-trade.

=rubani-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, ribbon. _Industrie —ère_; ribbon-manufacture, ribbon trade.

=rubanier=, _n.m._, ribbon-weaver; (bot.) burweed.

=rubanière=, _n.f._, ribbon-weaver.

=rubarbe=, _n.f._ _V._ =rhubarbe=.

=rubasse=, _n.f._, (min.) colored quartz.

=rubéfaction=, _n.f._, (med.) rubefaction.

=rubéfiant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) rubefacient.

=rubéfiant=, _n.m._, (med.) rubefacient.

=rubéfier=, _v.a._, or _se —_, _v.r._, (med.) to rubify.

☉=rubeline=, _n.f._ _V._ =rouge-gorge=.

=rubéole=, _n.f._, (bot.) cross-wort.

=rubescent=, =-e=, _adj._, rubescent.

=rubiacé=, =-e=, _adj._, red-colored.

=rubiacées=, _n.f.pl._, plants of the madder family.

=rubican=, _n.m._ and _adj._, rubican color; rubican.

=rubicon=, _n.m._, Rubicon. _Passer le —_; to take a desperate step.

=rubicond=, =-e=, _adj._, rubicund; bloated; blowzy.

=rubification=, _n.f._, rubification.

=rubigineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, rubiginous.

☉=rubine=, _n.f._, (chem.) ruby. _— d’argent_; red-silver, ruby-silver. _— d’arsenic_; realgar.

=rubis=, _n.m._, ruby; red pimple, grog-blossom. _Faire — sur l’ongle_; to drink to the last drop. _Payer — sur l’ongle_; to pay to the last farthing. _Monté sur —_; jeweled.

=rubricaire=, _n.m._, rubrician, rubricist.

=rubricateur=, _n.m._, artist who illuminated manuscripts in the Middle Ages.

=rubrique=, _n.f._, method, rule, practice; head; title; trick; ruddle, red chalk. _pl._, (canon law) rubric. _Sous la — de_; under the head of.

=ruche=, _n.f._, hive; swarm; (needlework) quilling, frilling, ruche. _— d’abeilles_; bee-hive. _Châtrer une —_; to cut away the wax and honey from a hive.

=ruché=, =-e=, _adj._, quilted. _n.m._, frilling.

=ruchée=, _n.f._, hive-full.

=rucher=, _n.m._, stand for bees; apiary.

=rucher=, _v.a._, (needlework) to quilt, to frill.

=rudâni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (l.u.) surly, churlish, uncouth.

=rude=, _adj._, harsh, rough, rugged, steep, uneven; sharp, rude, hard; disagreeable; grating, violent, fierce; severe, bitter; rigid, strict; formidable; uncouth, unpolished; impetuous, boisterous; troublesome, difficult. _Avoir la peau —_; to have a rough skin. _Une — épreuve_; a severe trial. _Chemin —_; rugged road. _Avoir la voix —_; to have a harsh voice. _Des manières —s_; rough, coarse, uncouth manners. _Un — assaut_; a fierce assault. _Les temps sont —s_; times are hard. _Des paroles —s_; harsh words.

=rudement= (ru-dmān), _adv._, roughly, ruggedly, harshly, sharply, severely, strictly; tumultuously, violently, impetuously, rudely. _Traiter —_; to treat roughly. _Aller — en besogne_; to work with a vengeance.

=rudenté=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) cabled (of columns).

=rudenture=, _n.f._, (arch.) cabling, rudenture.

=rudesse=, _n.f._, harshness; roughness; ruggedness; severity; tumultuousness; fierceness, violence; austerity, strictness; troublesomeness; rude thing, coarse thing; rudeness.

=rudiment=, _n.m._, rudiment.

=rudimentaire=, _adj._, rudimental, elementary, rudimentary.

=rudoyer=, _v.a._, to use roughly, harshly; to speak harshly to; to bully; to ill-treat (a horse).

=rue=, _n.f._, street; (bot.) rue. _— passante_; much frequented street. _Courir les —s_; to run about the streets; (fig.) to be in everybody’s mouth (of news); to be common (of a thing). _— de traverse_; cross-street. _— écartée_; back street. _Il est fou à courir les —s_; he is stark, staring mad. _Les —s en sont pavées_; (prov.) it is as common as dust. _Être vieux comme les —s_; to be as old as the hills. _— de chèvre_; goat’s-rue.

=ruelle=, _n.f._, lane, alley, by-street; bed-side, wall-side; (fig.) lady’s alcove; private circle; literary coterie. _Les belles —s de Paris_; the best drawing-rooms in the town.

=rueller=, _v.a._, to mold (vines).

=ruer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to fling, to hurl, to cast; to throw. _— de grands coups_; to deal heavy blows.

_se_ =ruer=, _v.r._, to throw one’s self; to rush upon.

=ruer=, _v.n._, to kick (of horses, etc.).

=rueu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, (man.) kicker; given to kicking.

=rugine=, _n.f._, (surg.) rugine, scalp; (dentist’s) tooth-scaler.

=ruginer=, _v.a._, (surg.) to scalp.

=rugir=, _v.n._, to roar, to yell.

=rugissant=, =-e=, _adj._, roaring.

=rugissement= (-jis-mān), _n.m._, roaring, roar.

=rugosité=, _n.f._, rugosity, roughness, unevenness; wrinkle.

=rugueu-x=, =-se= (-gheû, -z), _adj._, rugose, rough, uneven; wrinkled.

=ruilée=, _n.f._, (arch.) verge.

=ruine=, _n.f._, ruin, decay; overthrow, destruction, downfall; desolation. _Tomber en —s_; to fall to, to crumble to, ruins. _Tomber en —_; to run to ruin. _Courir à sa —_; to go to one’s ruin; to go to wrack and ruin. _Cet édifice menace —_; this building is falling to ruins. _Sortir de ses —s_; to rise from its ruins (of towns, etc.). _Battre en —_; (milit.) to batter down.

=ruiné=, =-e=, _adj._, ruined. _Son crédit est —_; his crédit is gone. _Un tempérament —_; a worn-out constitution.

=ruiner=, _v.a._, to ruin, to lay waste; to spoil; to undo, to overthrow, to destroy. _— un cheval_; to spoil a horse.

_se_ =ruiner=, _v.r._, to decay; to fall into decay; to ruin one’s self; to be ruined, spoilt.

=ruineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, falling to ruin; ruinous.

=ruinure=, _n.f._, (carp.) bearing.

=ruisseau=, _n.m._, brook, stream, rivulet; gutter, street kennel. _Petit —_; rivulet, brook, streamlet, rill.

=ruisselant=, =-e= (rui-slān, -t), _adj._, streaming, running down, dripping.

=ruisseler= (rui-slé), _v.n._, to gush, to stream; to trickle, to trickle down, to run down.

☉=ruisselet= (rui-slè), _n.m._, rivulet, brooklet.

=rum=, _n.m._ _V._ =rhum=.

=rumb= (romb), _n.m._, (nav.) rhumb, rhomb.

=rumen= (-mè-n), _n.m._, rumen, paunch.

=rumeur=, _n.f._, rumor, report; clamor, uproar, noise.

=ruminant=, =-e=, _adj._, ruminant, ruminating.

=ruminant=, _n.m._, (mam.) ruminant.

=rumination=, _n.f._, rumination, chewing the cud.

=ruminer=, _v.n._, to ruminate, to chew the cud; (fig.) to muse on, to ponder over, to think over.

=ruminer=, _v.a._, to ruminate; to think over, to muse over. _Que ruminez-vous là?_ what are you thinking about _or_ turning over in your mind?