Part 4
“Why he [the author of Waverley] should industriously endeavour to elude observation by taking leave of us in one character, and then suddenly popping out upon us in another, we cannot pretend to guess without knowing more of his personal reasons for preserving so strict an incognito than has hitherto reached us. We can, however, conceive many reasons for a writer observing this sort of mystery; not to mention that it has certainly had its effect in keeping up the interest which his works have excited.”--_Quar. Rev._, Jan. 1817.
CLERICUS, _dem._ [Rev. W. CARTWRIGHT].
Rambles and Recollections of a Fly-fisher. 1854.
J. R. S.
CLIFFORD (Charles) _pseud._ [W. H. IRELAND].
The Angler, a Didactic Poem. 1804.
CLINKER (Humphrey) _pseud._ [ ].
The History of the Haverel wives.... To which is added an oration on the virtues of the Old Women, and the pride of the Young, dictated by J. Clinker, etc. Glasgow, 1805; another edition, Stirling [1820?]
C. M. See the author of The Cottage on the Common. 1848.
C. M., _ps._ Scraps in Poetry (religious). _Hope & Co._, 1852.
C. M., J. H. G., M. R., _polynym_ [CAMPBELL MACKINNON, now of Jamaica] [JOSEPH H. GIBBS] [MONTGOMERIE RANKING].
The Quadrilateral.
Some said, ‘John, print it!’ Others said ‘Not so!’ Some said, ‘It may do good!’ Others said, ‘No!’ BUNYAN’S _Apology for the Pilgrim’s Progress_.
_Saunders, Otley & Co._, 1865.
Poems dedicated by the three authors, who sign the preface, to C. M. Crawford, who makes the fourth.
COFFIN (Joshua) _pseud._ [HENRY W. LONGFELLOW].
A sketch of the History of Newbury. Boston, Mass., 1845.
COLLETT (Stephen) _pseud._ [THOMAS BYERLEY].
Relics of Literature. 1823.
COLWAN (Robert Wringham) _pseud._ [JAMES HOGG, the Ettrick Shepherd].
The Private Memoirs of a Justified Sinner. 1824.
COMMON SENSE, _phrenonym_ [Sir R. PHILLIPS, in the Monthly Magazine, of which he was formerly editor and proprietor for about 30 years, 50 years ago].
CONTRIBUTORS TO TRACTS FOR THE TIMES, _phraseonym_, Plain Sermons. 10 vols. _Rivington_, 1840-8.
A. [JOHN KEBLE]. B. [ISAAC WILLIAMS]. C. [Dr. PUSEY]. D. [J. H. NEWMAN]. E. [THOS. KEBLE]. F. [Sir GEO. PROVOST, Bart.]. G. [Rev. R. F. WILSON, of Oriel].
_N. & Q., 3 s._
CONWAY (H. Derwent) _pseud._ [HENRY DAVID INGLIS, of Edinburgh]. Tales of Ardennes. 1841.
CORNWALL (Barry) [Poet], _crypto._ [BRYAN WALLER PROCTER, Barrister-at-Law].
A Sicilian Story, with Diego de Montilla, and other poems, 1820.--Mirandola, a tragedy, 1821.--English Songs, 1832, several editions of the above; and others.
C. O. S. See: a Priest of the Church of England. 1862.
COUR (T. E.) _anagram_ of the Author’s name in Spanish [W. G. T. BARTER, Barrister-at-Law].
Two Essays, in: Life, Law, and Literature, 1863, were signed by the author as above. See the preface.
COURTENAY (Peregrine) _pseud._ [WILLIAM MACKWORTH PRAED]. In Knight’s Quarterly Magazine. 1823-4.
C. P. M., _initialism_ [CHRISTOPHER PARR MALE].
Have you any fear of Death? Birmingham, 1851.
CRAWLEY (Rawdon) Captain, _pseudo-titlonym_ [GEORGE FREDERICK PARDON. He generally dates from the Megatherium Club; we need scarcely say, therefore, that he takes his pseudonym from Thackeray, whom, in one of his dedications, he calls his biographer].
Several Handbooks on Billiards, Chess, Draughts. Under both his names. We fear this is a use of a pseudonym we should condemn, for it savours of book-making, as for example in:--The Book of Billiards. _Longman_, 1865.
Chess: its Theory and Practice, to which is added a Chapter on Draughts. 3rd edition. _Clarke_, 1858.
To C. Hardwicke, Esq., author of the “History of Preston,” this little book is affectionately dedicated by his friend and collaborateur, the author.
CRAYON (Crotchet) _pseud._ [ ].
The Rival Houses of the Hobbs and Dobbs; or Dress-Makers and Dress-Wearers. 1854.
CRAYON (Geoffrey) Esq., _pseud._ [WASHINGTON IRVING].
The Sketch Book, 1820 (Written in England, and sheets sent to America for publication.) Bracebridge Hall, or the Humourists, a Medley. New York, 1822. Tales of a Traveller, 1824. The Alhambra. 1832. Editions to the present time both in England and America.
C. R. E., _initialism_ [ ].
Buried Treasures. 2 parts, London, 1851, no more published.
The first contains: The Law of Liberty ... by J. Locke, with a life by the editor (C. R. E.) The second: On the Civil Power in Ecclesiastical Causes ... by J. Milton, with a historical sketch and notes.
CREYTON (Paul) _pseud._ [J. T. TROWBRIDGE].
Father Brighthopes, or an old Clergyman’s Vacation. Boston (U.S.) 1853.
Martin Merrivale, his × mark, 1854. Hearts and Faces. 1855. Boston (U. S.) 1855.
Burrcliff, its Sunshine and its clouds.... 6th thousand, 1855.
CRIB, _phrenonym_ [ ].
Secret Love; or the Phantom Barber: a burletta, adapted by Crib. [1859]. In verse.
CRIB (Tom) _phren._ [THOMAS MOORE].
Tom Crib’s Memorial to Congress, with a preface.... By one of the Fancy. 4th edition. London, 1819 (in Verse).
CRIBB (Tommy) _phren._ [ ].
To the Electors of the Borough of Southwark. The Presentation of the Pipkin, etc. The whole taken in shorthand by ----. Lond., 1819.
CROFT (Zachary) _pseud._ [CHARLES KELSALL].
The first sitting of the Committee on the proposed Monument to Shakespeare. 1823.
CROQUIS (Alfred) _pseud._ [DANIEL MACLISE, R.A.].
Portraits in Fraser’s Magazine.
CROWQUILL (Alfred) _pseud._ [ALFRED HENRY FORRESTER, Artist and Author].
Leaves from my Memorandum Book.
His first publication under this pseudonym. For numerous others we must refer to _Men of the Time_, and Allibone’s Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1859, under Crowquill.
CRUISER (Benedict) _pseud._ [GEORGE A. SALA].
How I tamed Mrs. Cruiser. By, etc. Edited by G. A. S., with illustrations by Phiz [_pseud._]. 1858.
CRUSOE (Robinson) _fictitious name_ [DANIEL DEFOE].
The Life and surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner. Written by himself. 1st edition, 1719.
The most popular fiction in our language.
“It is remarkable that two of the most interesting tales that ever were written,--‘Robinson Crusoe’ and ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’--are without that which forms the chief source of interest in most other tales--a love story.
“Robinson Crusoe” and “Gulliver,” are two works which probably will remain as long as the English language. One of them has even introduced a new word into our language; for _lilliputian_ is often used to denote something excessively minute. And it is remarkable that the authors of these works, Defoe and Dean Swift, who have never been surpassed--perhaps never equalled--in any age or country in their own peculiar art of giving to fiction the air of reality, were contemporaries, and held each other in the greatest contempt and abhorrence. Their designs were different. “Gulliver” was, of course, not expected to be believed, but affords part of its amusement from the striking contrast between the sober, matter-of-fact style of the narrative, and the monstrous extravagance of the matter; as where mention is made in his quiet way of the house in Redriff, which brought in a rent of £30 a year; and of the little daughter Betsy, who was sewing her sampler, and who afterwards married and had children.
“Robinson Crusoe,” on the contrary was originally put forth as a true history (Defoe not being very scrupulous on that point) and long after, and probably even down to the present time, was by many considered as substantially true, and as being merely the history of Alexander Selkirk, on the Island of Juan Fernandez; only a little dressed up, and with a change of names. It is possible that Defoe may have heard that history, and that it may have suggested to him the idea of his tale; but if this be so, it is the very utmost that could be said; for the two histories are totally unlike, except that in each there is an island in the South Sea, with goats upon it. Alexander Selkirk had no tools, or stores, or arms, saved from a wreck; he had no implements, save a pocket knife; and used to capture the goats, on whose flesh he fed, by running them down. He never met with any savages, nor had any friendly intercourse with the Spaniards; and there were only two remarkable incidents that occurred during his sojourn on the island, neither of which is found in the history of Robinson Crusoe. One was, his being pursued by a party of Spaniards who had landed on the island, and from whom he fled for his life, well knowing that their design was to murder him, as was the practice of the Spaniards with all strangers found in those seas. He escaped by climbing into a tree with thick foliage, where he lay hidden like King Charles in the oak.
His other adventure was catching hold of a goat.... Now both these remarkable incidents being wanting in “Robinson Crusoe,” it is plain that the notion above alluded to, of the one history being taken from the other, is altogether groundless.
One part of the art by which Defoe gives his tale the air of reality, consists in the frequently recording minute particulars and trifling occurrences which lead to no result.... Another apparent indication of reality is that such improbabilities as there are lie precisely in the opposite quarter from that in which we should expect to find them. A writer of fiction would have been likely (as we may see for instance, in some of the imitations of “Robinson Crusoe”) to attribute to the hero _more_ ingenuity and _greater_ success than is accordant with the rules of probability. With Robinson Crusoe it is just the reverse....
It would be a curious and not unprofitable task to draw up a criticism of Robinson Crusoe, showing that there are, in a tale which, beyond all others, has been the oftenest mistaken for a true history, such improbabilities as amount to complete disproof. Such a work would be a kind of companion and supplement to the “Historic doubts respecting Napoleon Bonaparte” [published anonymously by Archbishop Whately].... His culture of _rice_ may be pronounced an absolute impossibility. He threw out, it seems, before the entrance of his habitation, among dust and husks, some unperceived grains of barley and rice, which grew and came to perfection, and enabled him thenceforward, to cultivate those crops. Now this is probable enough as far as regards the _barley_; but Defoe was probably ignorant that _rice_, when designed for human food, is divested of its husk by a process which destroys its power of germinating; so that to sow rice in the state in which it comes to market would be as vain as to sow pearl-barley.... When Friday is pursued by three savages, and they come to a creek, one of them turns back, as being _unable to swim_.... A Brazilian sea-coast savage, unable to swim, may be pronounced a total impossibility.... When Robinson Crusoe comes forward to rescue the Spaniards who are about to be slaughtered, he addresses one of them in _Spanish_.... Alexander Selkirk, after only three years, could scarcely express himself even in his own mother-tongue.
But the most wide-spread (if I may so speak) of the improbabilities; though the one the most likely to be overlooked by the generality of readers, is the character ascribed to savages ... if we examine attentively all the accounts that are given of savages by those who have had actual intercourse with them, we shall inevitably come to the conclusion that the representation of savages, as given by Defoe, involves a complete moral impossibility.--_Miscellaneous Remains of Archbishop Whately_, to which the reader is referred for the whole of this interesting discussion.
We greatly regret that want of space prevents our giving the whole of the Archbishop’s essay, as we consider it conclusive.
C. S., _initialism_ [C. STAUNTON].
Life and Humours of Falstaff. 1829.
J. R. S.
C. S. C., _initialism_ [C. S. CALVERLEY].
Verses and Translations. Camb., 1862. 3rd edit. 1865.
CUMBERMERE (Lord Claudius Hastings) _pseudo-titl._ [ALFRED ASSOLANT].
Les Aventures de K. Brunner, docteur en Théologie par Lord, etc. Paris, 1861.
C. W. S., _init._ [CHARLES WILLIAM SHORT, a Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel, Coldstream Guards].
A Treatise on Swimming, as taught at Berlin, in the Military College. From a German MS. _Ollivier_, 1846.
Preface signed.
C. W. S., _init._ [SMITH].
The Big Bulls of Europe and the Blasphemous “Te Deum” (two letters reprinted from the Morning Post) [1855].
CYCLA, _pseud._ [Mrs. ELLEN CLACY].
Aunt Dorothy’s Will, a novel. 1860.
D.
Δ, _Greek pseudonym_ [D. M. MOIR].
Biographical Memoir of the late Mrs. Hemans. 1836.
Memoir of Galt.
Δ, _initialism_ [Right Hon. BENJAMIN DISRAELI].
Venetia, 1857. The Tragedy of Count Alarcos. By the author of Vivian Grey. 1839.
Δ, _pseud._ [F. BARHAM].
A loyal Address to the Queen [1840].
D. (Dr.) _init._ [Dr. N. DELUIS].
Shakespeare, edited by ----. 1854.
D---- (J. R.) _disguised-author_ [JAMES REID DILL].
A Sermon from the Grave. 1862.
DAGOBERT (Chrysostôme) _pseudonym_ [JEAN BAPTISTE ALPHONSE LED’HUY].
A bon Chat bon Rat, Tit for Tat, a new and idiomatic course of instruction in the French language. 1855.
We have numerous other works on teaching French from the pen of this gentleman, all under this pseudonym.
DASH (La Comtesse) _pseud._ [the Vicomtesse de SAINT-MARS].
A great number of Novels (French) from 1853 to the present time. Amongst other masks this lady has “Henri Desroches” and “Jacques Reynaud.”
DE BERNARD (Charles) _abbreviation_ [CHARLES BERNARD DUGRAIL DE LA VILLETTE].
The Lion’s skin, and the Lover Hunt [from the French]. New York, 1853.
DE BOSCOSEL DE CHASTELARD (Pierre) _aristonym_ [W. H. IRELAND].
Effusions of Love from Chatelar to Mary Queen of Scotland. Translated from a Gallic MS. in the Scotch College at Paris. Interspersed with songs, sonnets, and notes explanatory by the Translator. To which is added Historical Fragments, Poetry, and Remains of that most unfortunate Princess. 1808.
DECANUS, _titlonym_ [Very Reverend EDWARD NEWENHAM HOARE, M.A., Dean of Achonry].
English Settlers’ Guide through Irish Difficulties. 1850.
DE COMYNE (Alexander) _aristo._ [CHARLES THOMAS BROWNE, of Trinity College, Dublin].
See Men of the Time.
DEENE (Kenner) _pseudandry_ [CHARLOTTE SMITH].
The Dull Stone House, 1862. Christmas at the Cross Keys, 1863. The Schoolmaster of Alton, 1863. Anne Cave, 1864. Rutly Rivers, a story in four books. 1864.
DE K---- (E.) Madame, _disguised-author_ [Madame EMMA DE K?]
Holly Grange, a tale, by ----, edited by William Hazlitt Esq. _Joseph Cundall_, 1844.
One of Hazlitt’s Holiday Library.
DELTA, _greek-pseudonym_ [D. M. MOIR].
Poems, 1852. First published in Blackwood’s Mag.
DE MIRECOURT (Eugene), _aristonym_ [CHARLES-JEAN-BAPTISTE JACQUOT, de MIRECOURT, Vosges, France].
Fabrique de Romans. Maison Alexandre Dumas et compagnie. Paris, les marchands de nouveautés. 1845.
Dumas brought an action against the author for this tremendous attack, provoked by his own unfair treatment of its author.
Histoire Contemporaine. Paris, 1867.
Under this title he is writing a series of biographical sketches of celebrated or popular Frenchmen.
DE PEMBROKE (Morgan) _aristonym_ [MORGAN EVANS].
The following letter to the editor of the “Athenæum”, from the number for Oct 4th, 1862, requires no comment:
Mabus, Pembrokeshire, Sept. 20th, 1862.
I read with great interest your notice of Mr. Kendall’s [MS.] “Verses.” In the Poem called “Kiama” the following line occurs:
A white sail glimmers out at sea--a vessel walking in her sleep.
In the _Athenæum_ for the 17th Nov., 1860, you noticed a small volume of mine, viz., “Poems, by Morgan de Pembroke,” _Bennett_.
In your review of my book under that name, one of the verses favourably noticed contained two lines, which you printed thus:
A white sail glimmers on the deep-- A vessel walking in her sleep.
The similarity between my two lines and Mr. Kendall’s one line is remarkable. I write this to forestall any accusation against me of plagiarism should I reproduce my poem in another form at some future time.--Yours, etc.
MORGAN EVANS.
DE PONTAUMONT (M. E. Lechanteur, inspector of the Imperial Marine, Cherbourg) _plagiarist_.
La Rosïere de Bricquebec. Liege, 1861.
The above is translated, word for word, from “The Pride of the Village,” by Washington Irving.--_De Manne._
D----G, _anastroph_ [GEORGE DANIEL, author of the Modern Dunciad].
Cumberland’s British Theatre, with Remarks biographical and critical, by D----G. 1829-43.
D. G. M. _init._ [MITCHELL]. See Marvel Ike, _ps._
DOBLADO (Don Leucadio) _Spanish-pseudonym_ [JAMES BLANCO WHITE]. Letters from Spain. 1822.
DODD (Charles) _pseud._ [HUGH TOOTELL].
Dodd’s Church History of England, etc. 1839-43. 5 vols.
DOESTICKS (Q. K. Philander) P.B., (_i.e._, Perfect Brick) _phren._ [MORTIMER THOMPSON, son-in-law to “Fanny Fern”].
Doesticks, what he says. New York. 1855.
Plu-Ri-Bus-Jah: a song that’s by no author. Perpetrated by, etc. 1857. The Witches of New York. 1859.
DOLORES, _pseudonym_ [Miss DICKSON].
Music to numerous songs, upwards of 50, since 1854.
DOWELL (Samuel) _pseud._ [JOHN CLOSE].
A Month in London, or the select adventures of S. D., the Village Bard, edit, by A. M. Writewell [_pseudonym_]. _Appleby_, 1844. Four numbers of another edition were published as follows:
Adventures of an Author [S. D.], or the Westmoreland Novelist. Edited by T. Caxton [_pseud._] 1846.
DOWNING (Jack) Major, _ps.-titlonym_ [SEBA SMITH].
The Life and writings of Major Jack Downing, of Downingville, away down East in the State of Maine, written by himself. Boston, 3rd edition, plates. 1834.
Letter of J. D., Major, Downingville Militia, Second Brigade, to his old friend, Mr. Dwight, of the New York Daily Advertiser. 1834, and Lond., 1866.
DRYDOG (Doggerel) _phren._ [CHARLES CLARK].
September; or Sport and Sporting! Colchester, 1856.
Privately printed at the Great Totham Press.
DUMAS (Alexandre Davy) calling himself Marquis de la Pailleterie.
L’homme de génie ne vole pas, il conquiert. _Alex. Dumas._
Aventures de John Davy. Paris, 1840. 4 vols.
This romance, borrowed from the “Revue Britannique,” is said to be superior to many productions of Dumas of the same kind. “John Davy” is an English sailor, having a close relationship to Captain Marryat’s of the same name. In a somewhat prosy letter of Michael Angelo Titmarsh [Thackeray] to the most noble Alexandre Dumas, Marquis Davy de la Pailleterie, in Fraser’s Magazine, for 1846, he directly accuses him of having adopted it from the English.
Les Trois Mousquetaires [written by Auguste Maquet], Paris, 1844. 8 vol. Vingt ans après suite des Trois Mousquetaires [by the same]. Paris, 1845, 10 vol. Dix ans après, ou le Vicomte de Bragelonne, deuxième suite des Trois Mousquetaires, 6 vols [by the same].
Dumas is said to have taken the idea of his almost interminable novels from Richardson. Twenty-four volumes! When, however, the ample margin is reduced, the type decreased in size, and the blank paper extracted, these 24 vols are reduced to something like reasonable proportions.
As he acknowledged in his preface, Alexander Dumas, or rather, Aug. Maquet, made free use of the “Mémoires d’Artagnan,” capitaine-lieutenant des Mousquetaires, [written by Sandraz de Courtilz, 1702]. He also gives the title of a MS. he found:--Mémoires de M. le Comte de la Fère, etc.--from which he had also drawn much matter. This latter announcement induced a learned French bibliograph to mention “the Three Musqueteers” as a reprint of an old MS. The first-mentioned work exists, but the MS. is a creation of the fertile novelist.
The great and deserved success of this romance, though in point of morals it is not as unexceptionable as Monte Christo, drew attention to an historical personage who had been totally neglected, viz. Charles de Batz de Castelmore, known by the title of the “comte d’Artagnan.”
Le Comte de Monte Christo. 1844-5. 18 vols.
The first part, the Château d’If, published separately, is written by P. A. Fiorentino. Monte Christo, which is a sequel to it, is written by Aug. Maquet. Two episodes are said to be literally taken from Mémoires, etc., de la Police de Paris, by J. Peuchet, 1837-8. They are “François Picaud, histoire contemporaine,” and “Madame de Vartelle, ou un crime de famille.” The only alteration in the last being in the title and names. “La Roue de fortune,” of Auguste Arnould was made to contribute the completion of the history of “M. Morel.” And there are probably other “conquests” of the same nature undiscovered. Many pages are said to have been taken from the German.
Our readers are doubtless aware that this most successful and interesting piece of manufacture, was dramatised by the author, and occupied _two nights_ in representation.
Innumerable are the tales of Dumas’ method of allotting and selling his _manufactures_. He himself explains one: “Mr. Véron came to me and said, ‘We are lost if we do not give in a week from this, an amusing, brilliant, and sensational romance’ ... You want a volume, that is 6,000 lines; 6,000 lines are 135 pages of my writing. Take this paper, number, and divide into paragraphs 135 pages....”
We have contented ourselves with the dates when these works were first published. They have been reprinted in every imaginable form; and three different translations sometimes published in the same language at one time.
The number of authors who claim or are said to have written for Dumas is upwards of seventy. August Maquet alone furnished him with twenty-four volumes: the Chevalier d’Harmental, Sylvandire, the Guerre des Femmes, the Reine Margot, Chevalier de Maison-Rouge, Mémoires d’un Médecin, those mentioned above, and others.
The new editions of Monte Christo, Twenty Years After, etc., have the joint names of Dumas and Maquet on the title-page.
In 1845 he published sixty volumes, whereupon de Mirecourt (see Dumas Père, 1867) makes this calculation:
The most skilful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him at the end of a day 46,800 letters, or 60 pages of a romance. Thus he could copy five volumes octavo a month, and sixty a year, supposing that he does not lose a second during the time.
For the facts above we are indebted to Quérard and De Mirecourt. Some interesting notes on Dumas will be found in our “notice of the life and works of Quérard, 1867.”
DUNDREARY (Lord) _pseudo-titl._ [CHARLES KINGSLEY].
Speech of Lord D, in section D ... on the great Hippocampus Question. Cambridge, 1862.
There have been numerous other publications under Mr. Sothern’s representative name.
DUNSHUNNER (Augustus) _pseudonym_ [WILLIAM EDMONSTOUNE AYTOUN].
Contributions to Blackwood’s Magazine.
E.
E. A. M., _initialism_ [Mrs. MADDOCK].
The Liturgy of the Church of England catechetically explained. 3 vols. Winchester [1845?]
EBEN-EZER, _ps._ [Rev. EBEN. ALDRED, Unitarian Min.].
The Little Book, etc. Derbyshire, 1811.
An extraordinary book by an eccentric character. See Martin.
E. C. A., _initialism_ [AGNEW].
Geraldine, a tale. 1837, 3 vols.
E. F. L., _initialism_ [LLOYD].
John Brown’s Trouble; and the good that came of it. Founded on Fact. By a Clergyman’s Daughter (q.v.) 1863.
Susan Brown’s Victory, a sequel to J. B., etc., by the author of J. B.’s trouble. 1864.
E. H. C. M., _enigmatic-pseudonym_ (Editor of the Hebrew Christian’s Magazine) [Rev. NATHAN DAVIS].
Israel’s true Emancipation (two letters to Dr. Adler). 1852.
E. H. R., _pseud._ [ELIZABETH HARCOURT MITCHELL].
First Fruits, Poem. _Hurst & Blackett_, 1827.