Part 32

1. =With Nouns used as Prepositions, Conjunctions, Indefinite Numerals, and Adverbs=, as in: +angesichts+ (_in the face of_); +infolge+ (_in consequence of_); +behufs+ (_on behalf of_);—+falls+ (_in case of_);—+ein bißchen+ (_a bit_, _a little_); +ein paar+ (_a few_, _some_, _some few_);—+anfangs+ (_in the beginning_); +teils+ (_partly_); +einesteils+ (_on the one part or hand_); +andernteils+ (_on the other part or hand_); +meinerseits+ (_on my part_); +morgens+ (_in the morning_); +abends+ (_in the evening_); +vormittags+ (_in the fore-noon_) [=but=: +des Morgens+, +des Abends+, +heute Nachmittag+, etc., +Sonntags+, +Montags+, etc.]; +überhaupt+ (_in general_, _altogether_, _moreover_); +unterwegs+ (_on the way_); +heutzutage+ (_now-a-days_); +beizeiten+ (_in time_, _betimes_); +bisweilen+ (_at times_); +einmal+ (_once_); +zweimal+ (_twice_); +bergauf+ (_uphill_); +kopfüber+ (_head over heels_), etc.

2. =With Nouns used in Verbal-Combinations=, in which, by the by, they are strongly accented, and treated as separable particles, i.e. are separated from the verb and placed at the end of the clause when used in a principal sentence and in a simple tense. Such Verbal-Combinations are:—+re´cht haben+ (_to be right_); +u´nrecht haben+ (_to be wrong_); +lei´d thun+ (_to be sorry_); +we´h thun+ (_to hurt_);—+schu´ld haben+ _or_ +sein+ (_to be in fault_);—+fei´nd sein+ (_to be hostile_); +mir ist a´ngst+, +wo´hl+ (_I am afraid_, _well_); +mir ist no´t+ (_it is necessary to me_, _I require_); +mir ist we´he+ (_I am grieved_); +das ist scha´de+ (_that is a pity_); +ich bin wi´llens+ (_I have a mind_, _I intend_);—+sta´ttfinden+, +sta´tthaben+ (_to take place_); +wa´hrnehmen+ (_to perceive_); +tei´lnehmen+ (_to take part in_, _to sympathise with_); +ü´berhandnehmen+ (_to increase_); +hau´shalten+ (_to keep house_, _to manage_); +a´chtgeben+ (_to pay attention_); +prei´sgeben+ (_to abandon_, _to expose_); +bra´chliegen+ (_to lie fallow_); +zusta´tten kommen+ (_to be of use_, _to come in usefully_); +insta´nd setzen+ (_to repair_, _to restore_); +zusta´nde kommen+ (_to accomplish_); +imsti´ch lassen+ (_to leave in the lurch_), etc.—+Er hält haus+; +es ist mir zustatten gekommen+; +es hat überhandgenommen+; +es ist mir zuteil geworden+. =But=: +Er hat keinen Teil an mir+, etc.

3. =With Pronouns and Numerals, as=:—+jemand+, +niemand+, +jeder+, +keiner+, +einer+, +der eine+, +der andere+, +man+;—+etliche+ (_some_), +einige+, +einzelne+, +manche+, +viele+, +alle+, +alles+, +etwas+, +nichts+, +beide+;—+die+ (+alle+) +andern+, +das+ (+alles+) +andre+, +die+ (+alle+) +übrigen+, +das+ (+alles+) +übrige+, +das meiste+, +der+ (+das+) +nämliche+, +der erste+, +der letzte+, +der zweite+, +der nächste+, +der erste beste+, +ein jeglicher+, etc.

=But=:—=Use Capital Initials= (as before):—

(_a_) =with Ordinal Numerals and Adjectives preceded by the definite article and used in apposition to a proper noun=, as: +Friedrich der Zweite+; +Karl der Große+, etc.

(_b_) =With Pronouns and Adjectives in titles=, as:—+Se. Majestät der König+; +das Kaiserliche Zollamt+ (_the Imperial Custom-House_); +der Wirkliche Geheimrat von Humboldt+ (_the Privy Councillor von Humboldt_).

(_c_) =With Pronouns used in addressing persons, more especially in letters=, as:—+Sie genießen mein volles Vertrauen+; +wir glauben Ihnen alles+; +das Haus Ihrer Eltern war mir stets geöffnet+; +ich will Dir bald mehr davon erzählen+; +stets bleibe ich Dein Dich liebender Sohn Heinrich+, etc.

4. =In Adjectival and Adverbial Clauses=, as:—+groß und klein+ (_grown up people and children_); +arm und reich+ (_poor and rich people_); +alt und jung+, +durch dick und dünn+;—+am besten+, +fürs erste+, +bei weitem+ (_by far_); +aufs deutlichste+, +im allgemeinen+, +im ganzen+, +im folgenden+, +im wesentlichen+ (_essentially_, _in all essential points_); +von neuem+, +vor kurzem+, +im voraus+ (_beforehand_); +von vorne+, +ohne weiteres+, +um ein beträchtliches+, etc.—=and also in idiomatic phrases=, such as:—+Er zieht den kürzern dabei+ (_he is the loser by it_); +ich will Ihnen Ihre Unarten zugute halten+ (_I will bear with your rudeness_; _I will excuse your incivilities_); +der Junge hat Sie zum besten+ (_the boy amuses himself at your expense_); +ich will es Ihnen zuliebe thun+ (_I will do it to please you_), etc.

E. +Zerlegung der Wörter in Silben.+

(=Division of Words into Syllables.=)

1. When part of a German word has to be separated from the rest in order to be carried on to the next line, the division into Syllables is made as we would naturally deliver them whilst pronouncing the word very slowly and distinctly. The compound letters: +=ch=+, +=ck=+, +=dt=+, +=pf=+, +=ph=+, +=sch=+, +=sp=+, +=st=+, +=ß=+, +=th=+, and +=tz=+, =should, as a rule, not be separated=. [For exceptions see § 2 of this chapter.] Examples:—+ru-hen+, +die-ser+, +Son-ne+, +Mut-ter+, +Mit-tag+, +den-noch+, +Flüs-se+, +Wet-ter-glas+, +fünf-te+, +An-ker+, +Wech-sel+, +Hoff-nung+, +Hoff-nun-gen+, +Fin-ger+, +Lang-sam-keit+,—+Brü-che+, +ha-cken+, +Stä-dte+, +klo-pfen+, +Or-tho-gra-phie+, +lö-schen+, +aus-spre-chen+, +lä-stig+, +schie-ßen+, +Lo-thar+, +kra-tzen+, +He-xe+.

2. The syllables forming the constituent parts of Compound Words should not be broken up, and the principal rule, as expressed above, cannot always be applied to them. Examples: +hin-ein+, +hier-auf+, +her-ein+, +dar-um+, +war-um+, +vor-aus+, +voll-en-den+, +In-ter-es-se+, +Mi-kro-skop+, +At-mo-sphä-re+, +Schiff-fahrt+, +Schwimmm-mei-ster+, +ge-müt-lich+, +Dis-pens+, +dis-pu-tie-ren+, +Dis-po-si-ti-on+, +be-ob-ach-ten+, +auf-er-ste-hen+, +Ge-burts-tag+, +Früh-lings-tag+. But write ‘+Schiffahrt+’ and ‘+Schwimmeister+’ when no separation takes place.

F. +Der Apostroph.+ (The Apostrophe.)

1. The Apostrophe is more especially used for indicating the suppression of certain letters in poetry and in the language of every-day life, as in English. Examples: +Ich lieb’ dich+; +Steh’ auf!+ +Wie geht’s?+ +So ist’s recht+; +Geld hab’ ich nicht+.

2. Contractions of prepositions and articles are used =without the Apostrophe=, as: +am+, +beim+, +unterm+, +ans+, +ins+, +zum+.

3. =The Apostrophe is abolished before the inflections indicating the Genitive relation of proper names=, as: +Ciceros Briefe+; +Schillers Gedichte+; +Homers Ilias+; +Fritzens Geburtstag+; +Hamburgs Handel+; +Sophiens Mutter+; +die Einwohner Breslaus+.

4. =Family names, however, terminating in= +=s=+ or +=z=+, =the genitive of which cannot be formed by adding= +=s=+, require an Apostrophe to be placed after them for indicating the Genitive relation, as: +Demosthenes’ Reden+; +Voß’ Luise+.

INDEX

TO THE GRAMMATICAL RULES AND IDIOMATIC RENDERINGS.

A.

=a= or =an= preceded by ‘not’, how to render, S. 126, N. 12. The numeral ‘a’ not translated before hundred or thousand, S. 132, N. 10.

=a great deal=, how to render, S. 65, N. 3 and S. 77, N. 3. =an hour=, how to render, S. 235, N. 10. =a month=, how to render, S. 167, N. 24.

=about=, to be, rendered by +im Begriff sein+ or +wollen+, S. 6, N. 4.

=Abstract nouns=, their formation from Infinitives of verbs, S. 11, N. 7.

=Adjectives.= Used as nouns, S. 34, N. 1. National adjectives require a small initial, S. 101, N. 1. Adjectives and all parts qualifying nouns must be placed before them, S. 128, N. 11. The formation of their superlative used predicatively, S. 120, N. 14.

=Adverbs.= Their position in Imperative clauses, S. 68, N. 2. Must not precede the verb or copula when the subject stands before them, S. 102, N. 30. Formation of the relative superlative of Adverbs, S. 183, N. 24.

=all= in connection with a possess. adj. pron. and a noun in the sing. number, how to render, S. 157, N. 20. _All of us_ (_them_, _you_), S. 74, N. 3, how to render.

=Apposition=, the, its agreement, S. 53, N. 9.

=Articles=, the, and other determinative words repeated, S. 10, N. 9. Their position in connection with adjectives and adverbs, S. 28, N. 9. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. Before nouns representing a whole class, and before abstract nouns, S. 3, N. 2. Before nouns of persons preceded by an adjective or a common name, S. 10, N. 2. Used to mark the Gen., Dat., and Acc. of proper names, S. 25, N. 5. Used in stating the price of goods, S. 33, N. 7. Used before objects individualised or singled out, S. 40, N. 9. Used instead of Possess. Adj. Pronouns, S. 43, N. 9, _A_ and _B_. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. Not expressed before nouns denoting professions, etc., S. 14, N. 2. How to render when preceded by ‘not’, S. 126, N. 12.

=as=, conj., = _since_, how to render, S. 41, N. 6. = _according to_, how to render, S. 74, N. 6.

=ask= (to), how to render, S. 132, N. 23.

=at= = _at the house of_, how to render, S. 153, N. 15. _at home_, how to render, S. 63, N. 8. _at the rate of_, how to render, S. 235, N. 9.

=Attributive construction=, S. 7, N. 3; S. 48, N. 6.

+=auf=+, prep., = _in_, before names of Islands, S. 46, N. 6.

=Auxiliary verbs of tense=, often omitted in subordinate clauses, S. 52, N. 8.

B.

=be=, to, rendered by +müssen+, S. 62, N. 4.

=beginning with=, rendered by +von ... an+, S. 102, N. 4.

+=bleiben=+, conjugated with +sein+, S. 98, N. 5.

=but=, rendered by +sondern+ after a negative, S. 6, N. 10.

=by=, prep., = _through_, durch, S. 59, N. 13. In connection with the Passive Voice, rendered by +von+, S. 106, N. 23.

=both ... and=, +sowohl ... als auch+, S. 59, N. 11.

C.

=Capital Initial=, when required for pronouns, S. 69, N. 2.

=care=, to take care of, S. 91, N. 7.

=cause= (to) how to render, S. 73, N. 1.

=Collective nouns= in the Singular require the verb to agree with them in the Singular, S. 107, N. 13.

=Colon=, the, its use, S. 36, N. 3.

=Comma=, the, not used to enclose adverbial clauses, etc., S. 15, N. 3.

=command=, to, how to render, S. 73, N. 1.

=Compound expressions=, their importance, S. 33, N. 4.

=Compound forms= with auxiliary and Present Participle or ‘to do’ and Infinitive, how to render into German, S. 32, N. 11.

=Compound Nouns.= Their importance, S. 33, N. 4; their formation, S. 36, N. 7, _A_ and _B_, and S. 76, N. 22, _A_, _B_, _C_ and _D_; their Gender, S. 36, N. 7, _C_; compound nouns which have the last component in common are connected with hyphens, S. 71, N. 2.

=Conditional Mood=, the, its use, App. §§ 36 and 37.

=Conjunctive Mood=, the, its use, App. §§ 26-35.

=Construction.= Principal and Coordinate Clauses, App. §§ 1-12. Inverted Construction, App. §§ 13-15. Subordinate Clauses, App. §§ 16-24.

=Construction.= Inverted after quotations, S. 32, N. 5. Attributive construction, S. 7, N. 3, _A_; S. 48, N. 6. Position of adverbs in Imperative Clauses, S. 68, N. 2.

=Copula=, the, not to be omitted, S. 27, N. 7. The Copula must follow the subject when the latter begins the principal clause, S. 5, N. 2.

=copy=, noun, how to render, S. 132, N. 17.

D.

+=da=+, adv. in combination with a prep. governing the Dat. or Acc., S. 4, N. 5, _B_. +=Da=+, conj., denotes logical cause, used for rendering ‘as’ and ‘since’, S. 30, N. 4. +=Da=+, adv., in connection with a prep., required in the principal clause when verbs and adjectives governing a prep. are followed by a subordinate clause, S. 87, N. 6.

=Definite Article=, the. When to be repeated, S. 10, N. 9. Its position in connection with adjectives and adverbs, S. 28, N. 9. Before nouns representing a whole class, and before abstract nouns, S. 3, N. 2. Before names of persons preceded by an adj. or a common name, S. 10, N. 2. Used to mark the Gen., Dat., and Acc. of proper names, S. 25, N. 5. Used in stating the price of goods, S. 33, N. 7. Used before objects individualised or singled out, S. 40, N. 9. Used instead of Posses. Adj. Pronouns, S. 43, N. 9, _A_ and _B_.

=Demonstrative Pronoun=, followed by a relat. pron., how to render, S. 8, N. 1.

=+der+ and +die+= must be used as relat. pronouns in reference to a personal pron. of the 1st and 2nd pers. sing. and pl., and also in reference to the pers. pron. of the 3rd person pl. (+Sie+), S. 78, N. 7.

=do=, used in sentences of entreaty, rendered by +doch+, S. 92, N. 9.

+=doch=+, adv., = ‘do’ in sentences of entreaty, S. 92, N. 9.

E.

+=er=+, suffix, used to form names of male persons from names of countries and places, S. 157, N. 4.

+=ernennen=+, requires the prep. +zu+, S. 27, N. 4.

+=erwählen=+, requires the prep. +zu+, S. 27, N. 4.

+=es.=+ Used as grammatical Object in principal clauses, S. 51, N. 13. Used as grammatical Subject, S. 104, N. 19.

F.

=fact=, the, how to render, S. 115, N. 2.

=fond= (to be — of), how to render, S. 20, N. 2.

=for=, rendered by +seit+ in sentences expressing the duration of an action up to the time of speaking, S. 145, N. 17.

=for years=, S. 166, N. 10.

=from=, referring to time and place, how to render, S. 102, N. 4.

=full of=, how to render, S. 74, N. 14.

G.

+=gehen=+, always construed with +sein+, S. 29, N. 3.

+=Gemahlin=+, wife, consort, S. 101, N. 5.

+=Genitive=+, the, of a proper noun stands generally before the governing noun, S. 14, N. 3.

=gentleman=, how to render, S. 88, N. 2.

+=gern(e)=+, adv., denotes liking, S. 20, N. 2.

=Gerund=, the. How to render, S. 1, N. 3; S. 34, N. 10. Preceded by a possess. adj. and a prep., how to render, S. 161, N. 21.

+=giebt=+ (+es+) = the matter is, S. 63, N. 9; = there is, there are, S. 82, N. 7.

=go=, to, how to render when = to travel, etc., S. 233, N. 4.

=going= (to be — to), how to render, S. 67, N. 2.

H.

+=Hafer=+, not used in the pl., S. 22, N. 1.

=have=, to, rendered by +müssen+, S. 62, N. 4.

=head= = +Haupt+ in elevated diction, S. 127, N. 8.

=home= and _at home_, how to render, S. 63, N. 8.

=Hyphens= required to show the connection between compound nouns that have the last part in common, S. 71, N. 2.

I.

=I=, should, if possible, not begin the sentence, S. 115, N. 1.

=If=, rendered by +wenn+, S. 64, N. 12.

+=Ihr=+, formerly used in addressing persons of the lower ranks of society, S. 137, N. 2.

=in=, prep., how to render before names of islands, S. 46, N. 6.

=Indefinite Article=, the. When to be repeated, S. 10, N. 9. Its position in connection with adjectives and adverbs, S. 28, N. 9. Not expressed before nouns denoting professions, etc., S. 14, N. 2. How to render when preceded by ‘not’, S. 126, N. 12.

+=indem=+, conj., used for rendering the Participle in _-ing_ in adverbial clauses of manner, S. 111, N. 6.

=Indicative Mood=, the, its use, App. §§ 25 and 35.

=Infinitive=, the. With an Accusative, how to render, S. 57, N. 14. When used without the preposition +zu+, S. 78, N. 14. Forms abstract nouns, S. 11, N. 7.

=Inverted Construction.= When to be used, App. §§ 13-15. Used after quotations, S. 32, N. 5.

=Imperfect=, the, its use, S. 101, N. 22.

=it=, dependent on a prep., how to render, S. 4, N. 5, _B_.

J.

+=Jesus Christus=+, its declension, S. 141, N. 9.

K.

+=kein=+, the general translation for ‘not a’, S. 126, N. 12.

L.

+=lassen=+, to order, to command, to cause, S. 73, N. 1.

+=lehren=+, to teach, requires two accusatives, S. 42, N. 4, and S. 43, N. 10.

=like=, to, how to render, S. 20, N. 2.

=live=, to, how to render, S. 116, N. 17.

M.

+=machen=+, requires the prep. +zu+, S. 27, N. 4, and S. 102, N. 13.

=man= = human being, how to render, S. 134, N. 9.

+=man=+, pron. With the Active Voice instead of Eng. Passive Voice, S. 4, N. 4. +Man+, indef. pron., used to render the Eng. ‘you’ used in a general sense, S. 92, N. 5, also S. 134, N. 4.

+=Mark=+, +die+, its inflection, S. 58, N. 3.

=matter=, the — is, +es giebt+, S. 63, N. 9.

+=mögen=+, auxil. v. of mood, S. 20, N. 2.

+=müssen=+ = _to be_ and _to have_, followed by the infinitive of another verb, S. 62, N. 4.

N.

+=nach=+, prep. = to, S. 72, N. 4.

=Names of male persons= and inhabitants of countries and places made by the suffix +er+, S. 157, N. 4. Proper Names, their declension, S. 65, N. 1.

=National adjectives=, require a small initial, S. 101, N. 1.

=not a= = no, S. 126, N. 12.

=Nouns.= Compound Nouns, their importance, S. 33, N. 5. Formation of Compound Nouns, S. 36, N. 7, and S. 76, N. 22. Nouns must be preceded by the parts qualifying them, S. 128, N. 11. Abstract Nouns made from the Infinitives of verbs, S. 11, N. 7. Collective Nouns in the Sing. require the verb to agree with them in the Sing., S. 107, N. 13.

=Number.= Use the Sing. number in connection with a Collective Noun in the Sing., S. 107, N. 13.

O.

=Object=, the grammatical, in a principal clause, followed by a subordinate clause, or a supine, S. 51, N. 13.

=on.= _On the contrary_, how to render, S. 66, N. 16. _To be on the point of_, rendered by +wollen+, S. 67, N. 2.

=one=, not translated after an adj. or a pron., S. 67, N. 2.

=one=, numeral, not translated before _hundred_ and _thousand_, S. 132, N. 10.

=one day=, how to render, S. 19, N. 2.

=only=, adv., how to render, S. 109, N. 5.

=order=, to, how to render, S. 73, N. 1.

=ought=, how to render, S. 64, N. 5.

P.

=Participles=, the. Participles used attributively must be inflected, S. 7, N. 3, _B_. THE PAST (OR PERFECT) PARTICIPLE. As a rule precedes the qualified noun, S. 7, N. 3, _A_. Rendered by a relat. clause, S. 7, N. 3, _B_. Rendered by the attributive construction, S. 7, N. 3, and S. 48, N. 6. Used elliptically to denote state or condition, S. 102, N. 3. THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE. The English—qualifying a preceding noun, turned into a relat. clause, S. 16, N. 4. How to render when it denotes a logical cause, S. 30, N. 4. Rendered by the attributive construction, S. 48, N. 6. Used adverbially to denote manner or state, S. 53, N. 12. How to render when used in adverbial clauses of time, S. 55, N. 1. The — in _-ing_ in adverbial clauses of manner, rendered by the conj. +indem+ and a finite verb, S. 111, N. 6.

=Passive Voice=, the. Its formation in German, S. 2, N. 1. How to recognise, S. 2, N. 1. Rendered into German by a reflective verb, or the pron. +man+ with the active voice, S. 4, N. 4.

=people=, how to render, S. 134, N. 4.

=Perfect=, the. Its use, S. 48, N. 2. The Eng. Perfect rendered by the Present in German, S. 145, N. 17.

=Person=, the, for whose benefit an action is done, must, as a rule, be indicated in German, S. 130, N. 12.

=Personal Pronoun=, the. In the Dat. case, used to indicate the Possessor, S. 43, N. 9, _B_. Used to indicate the person for whose benefit an action is performed, S. 58, N. 8. Personal and possessive pronouns require a capital initial in letters, S. 69, N. 2.

+=Pfund=+, +das+, one £, Engl., never takes the mark of the plural, S. 58, N. 3.

=Possessive Adjective Pronoun=, the. When repeated in German, S. 10, N. 9. How to render into German, S. 43, N. 9, _A_ and _B_.

=pound=, how to render, S. 58, N. 3.

=Predicate=, the, Copula or Verb, must follow the Subject when it begins the clause, S. 5, N. 2. The formation of the Superlatives of adjectives used predicatively, S. 120, N. 14.

=Present Tense=, the German, used to express duration up to the time of speaking, where the Engl. use the Perfect, S. 145, N. 17.

=Principal clauses.= Their construction, App. §§ 1-12.

=progress=, noun, how to render, S. 132, N. 1.

=Proper names=, when not inflected, S. 65, N. 1.

R.

=rate.= _At the rate of_, how to render, S. 235, N. 9.

=Relative Clauses=, rendered by the attributive construction, S. 48, N. 6.

=Relative Pronoun=, the. Follows, as a rule, its antecedent, S. 13, N. 5. Must not be omitted in German, S. 16, N. 10. +Der+ and +die+ must be used in reference to a preceding personal pronoun, S. 78, N. 7.

S.

=Scholar=, how to render, S. 128, N. 1.

+=sein=+, auxiliary, its use, S. 29, N. 3.

+=seit=+, as a transl. of the Eng. prep. _for_ in sentences which express a duration of an action up to the time of speaking, S. 145, N. 17.

+=so=+, conj. When required in the beginning of principal clauses, S. 27, N. 8.

=so=, in connection with a transitive verb, rendered by +es+, +das+, +dies+, S. 132, N. 13.

+=sollen=+, expresses assertion, S. 54, N. 13; = ought, S. 64, N. 5.

+=St.=+, abbreviation of Sanct., its derivation, S. 103, N. 33.

=Subject=, the. Must be followed by the Copula or the Verb when it begins the principal clause, S. 5, N. 2. Its position in subordinate clauses, S. 66, N. 15. Not to be omitted, S. 27, N. 7. The grammatical subject in the form of the pron. +es+, S. 104, N. 19.

=Subjunctive Mood=, the. Its use, App. §§ 26-35.

=Subordinate Clauses.= Their construction, App. §§ 16-24.

=Superlative=, the, of an adjective used predicatively is generally preceded by +am+, S. 120, N. 14. How to form the relat. Superlative of adverbs, S. 183, N. 24.

=Supine=, the. Explanation and use, S. 1, N. 2. Formation of the Supine Present, S. 1, N. 2. Used for rendering the Eng. Gerund preceded by a preposition, S. 1, N. 3. Expresses purpose, S. 19, N. 7. Used for rendering the Eng. Gerund governed by a noun or a verb, S. 34, N. 10. Used in connection with the verb +lehren+, S. 43, N. 10.

=Suppose=, I, in interrogative sentences, rendered by +wohl+, S. 92, N. 3.

T.

=Take=, to. How to render, S. 3, N. 8. +To take care of+, how to render, S. 91, N. 7.

=teach=, to, how to render, S. 42, N. 4, and S. 43, N. 10.

=that=, =them=, =those=, dependent on a prep., how to render, S. 4, N. 5, _B_.

=that and those=, followed by a relat. pron., cannot be rendered by the adv. +da+ in connection with a preceding preposition, S. 8, N. 1.

=that= = in order that, how to render, S. 183, N. 6.

=there is and There are=, rendered by +es giebt+, S. 82, N. 7.

=they=, used in an indefinite sense, rendered by +man+, S. 134, N. 4.

=think=, to, how to render, S. 64, N. 11.

=to= = in order to, how to render, S. 19, N. 7.

=to=, prep., how to render, S. 72, N. 4.

=trust=, to, anything to a person, S. 91, N. 6.

U.

=Use=, to, v. tr. and intr., how to render, S. 129, N. 6.

V.

=Verb=, the. Agreement of verbs with collective nouns, S. 69, N. 17. Auxiliary of tense often omitted in subordinate clauses, S. 52, N. 8. The verb or copula must follow the subject, when the latter begins the Principal Clause, S. 5, N. 2.

=Verbal=, the, in _-ing_, how to render, S. 1, N. 3; S. 34, N. 10.

=very=, rendered by the Superl. of the adv. +hoch+, S. 161, N. 2.

W.

=want=, to, rendered by +wollen+, S. 63, N. 10.

+=was.=+ When required as a relat. pron., S. 3, N. 7. Used in reference to a preceding whole clause, as a transl. of ‘which’, S. 33, N. 8.

=we=, in an indefinite sense, rendered by +man+, S. 134, N. 4.

+=werden=+, conjugated with +sein+, S. 98, N. 5.

=what sort of=, how to render, S. 63, N. 2.

=when.= Rendered by +als+, S. 4, N. 2. Rendered by +wenn+, S. 18, N. 6. Rendered by +wo+, S. 131, N. 4.

=where=, rendered by +wo+, S. 131, N. 4.

=which=, rendered by +was+, S. 33, N. 8.

=wife=, how to render, S. 101, N. 5.

=wish=, to, rendered by +wollen+, S. 63, N. 10.

+=wo=+, relat. conj., its use, S. 131, N. 4.

+=wohl=+ = I suppose, S. 92, N. 3.