Part 10
You[1] did not lose your idea of the dazzling, spiritual whiteness of the snow; yet you seemed to see it through a rosy veil, the sharp edges of the glaciers and the hollows between the peaks reflecting wavering tints of lilac and purple. The effect[2] was solemn and spiritual above everything I have ever seen. These[3] words, which[4] had often been in my mind through the day, and[5] which occurred more often than any others while I was travelling through the Alps, came into my mind with a pomp and magnificence of meaning unknown before:—“For by (+durch+) Him were all things created that are in[6] heaven and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether[7] they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers[8]: all things were created by Him and for Him: and He is before[9] all things, and by Him all things consist[10] (Col. i. 16, 17).”—MRS. BEECHER STOWE.
[1] Say ‘The idea (+Bild+, n.) of the dazzling, spiritual (+geisterhaft+) whiteness of the snow lost itself not; it seemed, however, as if one saw it (+als sähe man es+) through a rosy veil, whilst the sharp edges (+Zacke+, f.) of the glaciers and the hollows (+Vertiefung+, f.) between the peaks were beaming (+erstrahlen+) in wavering (+unbestimmt+) colours of lilac and purple’.
[2] Say ‘The impression (+Eindruck+, m.) of it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_) surpassed in (+an+) solemnity and sublimity everything (+alles+, S. 3, N. 7) that I had (App. § 22) ever seen’.
[3] Say ‘The following words’.
[4] which — mind, +die mir ... oft vor der Seele gestanden+.
[5] and — before = and of (+an+) which I was most reminded during my Alpine journey (+Alpenreise+), revealed themselves only (+erst+) now to my mind in their whole splendour and magnificence.
[6] in — earth, +im Himmel und auf Erden+.
[7] whether they be, +seien sie+.
[8] +Gewalten.+
[9] is before = stands above.
[10] +bestehen+, which place after ‘Him’.
_Section 98._
THE LOST CHILD FOUND[1].
I.
A few years since, in the United States of America, a child was lost[2] in the woods. Darkness (S. 3, N. 2) was rapidly coming on[3], and the alarmed father, accompanied by some of his neighbours, hastened away in[4] search of the lost child. The[5] search continued in vain till nine o’clock in the evening. Then the alarm bell was rung[6], and the cry of fire[7] soon resounded through the streets. It[8] was, however, ascertained that[9] it was not fire which caused the alarm, and that the bell tolled[10] to spread the more[11] solemn tidings[12] of a child lost[13].
Every heart sympathised[14] in the sorrows of the distracted[15] parents, and multitudes[16] of the people[17] were seen (S. 4, N. 4) ascending the hill upon the declivity of which the village was situated[18], to[19] aid in the search. The night passed away, the morning dawned, and yet no tidings came. The sun arose. The whole landscape glittered in the rays of the morning sun. But the village was deserted and still; the shops were closed, and business was hushed[20]. Mothers[21] were walking[22] the streets with sympathising[23] countenances and anxious[15] hearts. There[24] was but one thought there:—What has become of[25] the lost[13] child?
[1] +Das wiedergefundene Kind.+
[2] to be lost, +sich verirren+.
[3] to come on, +heran´rücken+.
[4] in — child = to seek the missed child.
[5] The — evening = Till 9 o’clock in the evening (+abends+) their endeavours had remained without success (+erfolglos+). =Remember that the verbs +sein+, +werden+, and +bleiben+ are conjugated with the auxiliary +sein+.=
[6] +ziehen.+
[7] Form a compound noun by combining the corresponding German terms of the nouns ‘fire’ and ‘cry’ (S. 36, N. 7, _A_).
[8] it — ascertained, +Es stellte sich jedoch heraus+.
[9] that — alarm = that the alarm was not caused through fire.
[10] +ertönen.+
[11] more solemn = still more dreadful.
[12] tidings = message.
[13] Use the p. p. of the verb +vermissen+. See S. 7, N. 3, _A_.
[14] Say ‘shared the sorrow’ (+Kummer+, m., which is only used in the Sing.).
[15] +angsterfüllt.+
[16] +Scharen.+
[17] of the people = of country-people.
[18] to be situated, +liegen+.
[19] to — search, +um mit suchen zu helfen+.
[20] ‘to be hushed’, here = to rest.
[21] Say ‘The women’.
[22] to walk the streets, +auf den Straßen umher´gehen+.
[23] +teilnehmend.+
[24] +Es war nur ein Gedanke, der alle erfüllte.+
[25] +aus.+
_Section 99._
THE LOST CHILD FOUND.
II.
About[1] nine in[2] the morning the signal gun was fired, which announced that the child was found (S. 4, N. 4), and for[3] some time the suspense was dreadful. Was the child found a[4] mangled corpse, or was it alive and well? Soon (App. § 14) a joyful shout[5] proclaimed the safety of the child. A procession was formed[6] by those engaged[7] in the search. The child was placed upon a litter, hastily constructed[8] from the boughs of trees (S. 36, N. 7, _A_), and borne[9] in triumph at[10] the head[11] of the procession.
When they arrived at the brow[12] of the hill, they stopped _for_ a moment, and proclaimed their success with three loud _and_ animated[13] cheers[14]. The mother could no longer restrain her feelings. She rushed into[15] the street, clasped her[16] child to her bosom, and wept aloud. Every[17] eye was suffused with tears, and _for_ a moment all was silent.
But suddenly some one gave a[18] signal for[19] a shout. One long, loud, _and_ happy note of joy[20] rose from[21] the assembled multitude[22], who then dispersed to (S. 19, N. 7) return home and to resume[23] their business.—JACOB ABBOTT.
[1] +gegen.+
[2] in the morning, +morgens+.
[3] for — time, +eine Zeit lang+.
[4] a = as a = +als+.
[5] joyful shout, +Freudengeschrei+ (S. 76, N. 22, _B_).
[6] Use the reflective form +sich bilden+; by, +von+.
[7] +welche sich bei der Auffindung des Kindes beteiligt hatten.+
[8] Use the attributive construction pointed out in S. 7, N. 3; constructed, +zusam´mengefügt+; from, +aus+.
[9] +einher´tragen.+
[10] +an.+
[11] +Spitze+, f.
[12] brow = top.
[13] animated = fiery.
[14] +Hurras.+
[15] +auf.+
[16] her = the.
[17] Say ‘No eye was without tears (+thränenleer+)’.
[18] Use the def. art.
[19] +zu.+
[20] happy — joy, form a comp. noun of the corresponding German terms ‘joy’ and ‘cry’.
[21] +aus.+
[22] +Menge+, f.
[23] to resume business, +sich an sein Geschäft begeben+.
_Section 100._
PERSPIRATION.
Perspiration is the evacuation[1] of the juices of the body through the pores of the skin. It has been calculated (S. 4, N. 4) that there are[2] above three hundred millions _of_ pores in the glands of the skin which covers the body of a middle-sized man. Through these pores more than one half[3] of what we eat and drink passes off[4] by[5] insensible[6] perspiration. If we consume eight pounds of food in[7] a day (App. § 9; S. 27, N. 8), five pounds of it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_) are insensibly discharged[8] by perspiration. During[9] a night of seven hours’ sleep we perspire about two[10] pounds and a half. At an average we may[11] estimate the discharge[1] by[12] sensible and insensible perspiration at[13] _from_ half an ounce to[14] four ounces per hour. This (+Dies+) is a most[15] wonderful part[16] of the animal economy, and[17] is absolutely necessary to[18] our health, and even to our _very_ existence.—THE REV. DR. DICK.
[1] +Ausscheidung+, f.
[2] ‘(there) to be’, here +sich befinden+. Place the reflective pron. after the conjunction +daß+. The words ‘above — pores’ come after the relative clause ‘which — man’, after which place the verb +befinden+.
[3] +die Hälfte.+
[4] +entweichen.+
[5] +mittelst.+
[6] +unmerklich.+
[7] +an.+
[8] +aus´scheiden.+
[9] Say ‘During a seven hours’ (+siebenstündig+) sleep’.
[10] two pounds and a half, +drittehalb Pfund+.
[11] may = can.
[12] +durch.+
[13] +auf.+
[14] +bis.+
[15] Use the superlative of the adv. +hoch+.
[16] part — economy, +Einrichtung im tierischen Organismus+.
[17] Substitute a relative pronoun for the conjunction ‘and’, which will improve the sentence very much.
[18] +für.+
_Section 101._
THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH[1] REVOLUTION OF 1848.
I.
Our first scene is a palace; the period[2] winter; the time[3] morning, and the weather cold and miserable[4]. It is ten o’clock, and the King of France with his wife[5] and family are[6] discovered at the breakfast table. A splendid beginning! Calmness[7] is the prevailing expression of every countenance save one—the king’s daughter-in-law[8], who looks anxious and disturbed. Light[9] domestic talk, _such_ as[10] becomes princes and the gilded roof that[11] overhangs them, occupies[12] the moments. Hush[13]! Whilst the lacqueys, dressed (S. 7, N. 3, _A_) in gold and scarlet, move[14] noiselessly about the room, a noise is heard without[15]. It[16] becomes more[17] audible by degrees. Suddenly the door flies open, and two[18] men enter, pale as ghosts. They[19] are Ministers of State (S. 76, N. 22, _A_). They have news to communicate. Discontent prevails in the city; the[20] populace are out; the dragoons have surrendered their sabres, the soldiers their arms, within[21] sight of the apartment in which the king had just now enjoyed his meal, and his daughter-in-law had looked[22] so sad.
[1] =National adjectives require a small initial in German.=
[2] period = season.
[3] time = day-time (S. 76, N. 22, _B_). Connect the two nouns by means of the genitive inflection +es+.
[4] +rauh+.
[5] wife, consort, +=Gemahlin=+, which term generally applies to the wife of a king, or to that of persons of the upper ranks of society.—The possessive adj. pron. is best repeated before the next noun.
[6] Since the subject begins the sentence, the verb must be placed immediately after it. Say ‘The king of France sits, etc.’, and transl. the words ‘at — table’ briefly thus: +beim Frühstückstische+.
[7] Calmness — disturbed. This period is best construed thus: With _the_ exception of the king’s daughter-in-law (i.e. the daughter-in-law of the king), who looks anxious and disturbed, bear (App. § 14) all _the_ faces the expression of (S. 3, N. 2) calmness.—+Der König war ~Ludwig Philipp~, geb. den 6. Oktob. 1773 zu Paris, ältester Sohn des Herzogs Ludwig Philipp von Orléans. Nach der Julirevolution von 1830 bestieg er kraft Kammerbeschlusses vom 7. Aug. als König der Franzosen den Thron. Durch die Februarrevolution von 1848 gestürzt, floh er nach England, wo er fortan in Claremont unter dem Titel eines Grafen von Neuilly lebte und im Jahre 1850 starb. Seine Gemahlin war ~Maria Amalie von Sicilien~, welche ebenfalls in England starb.+
[8] +Die Schwiegertochter des Königs war ~Helene, Herzogin von Orléans~, verwitwete Gemahlin des im Jahre 1842 infolge eines Sprunges aus dem Wagen beim Durchgehen der Pferde verunglückten Herzogs ~Ferdinand von Orléans~, des ältesten Sohnes des Königs Ludwig Philipp, welcher acht Kinder hatte.+
[9] Supply the indef. art. before the adj. ‘light’; ‘domestic’, here = confidential; talk = conversation.
[10] such as, +wie+, after which supply the pron. +sie+ to agree with ‘conversation’. It becomes princes, +es paßt sich für Fürsten+.
[11] ‘_that — them_’, may be briefly turned by ‘over them’.
[12] occupies — moments, +läßt die Zeit schnell dahingehen+.
[13] +Horch!+
[14] to move, +sich bewegen+; about the room = in the room.
[15] without = outside.
[16] Use here a demonstrative pronoun to agree with ‘noise’.
[17] more — degrees = louder and louder.
[18] two men pale as ghosts, +zwei geisterbleiche Gestalten+.
[19] They are, +Es sind+.
[20] +Der Pöbel ist auf den Beinen.+
[21] within — meal = and this almost (+fast+) immediately in front of (+vor+) the windows of the room in which the king had just now breakfasted.—Use the verb in the Imperfect, and render _just now_ by +soeben+.
[22] ‘to look sad’, here +trübe einher´blicken+, which use likewise in the Imperfect.—=The German Imperfect is chiefly used as a historical tense and to express a past action or occurrence with reference to another.= It is, however, likewise used to denote the continuance of an action, to describe a certain state, and to express customary and habitual action. Comp. S. 48, N. 2, for the use of the Perfect.
_Section 102._
THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848.
II.
What is to be done? The king is thunderstruck[1], hesitates _for_ a moment, and[2] then, urged[3] by the queen, instantly leaves the room. The[4] queen follows[5] her husband with her (S. 43, N. 9, _A_) eyes from the palace window. She sees[6] him on horseback[7] reviewing[8] the National Guards[9]. She has no fear, neither[10] has he. What[11] more? He returns, accompanied[3] by[12] the man whom[13], yesterday, to satisfy public clamour, he created Prime Minister. Has the Minister power to save his master? You (S. 92, N. 5) observe at[14] a glance that[15] he is far more anxious to save himself. He craves[16] permission to resign. Permission[17] is granted, when (S. 4, N. 2) a volley[18] is (S. 4, N. 4) heard close[19] to their ears. What does it mean? This[20] man will tell you who now enters. The King has a pen in his hand, with which he is about (S. 6, N. 4) to appoint his new Prime Minister. “Sign[21] not,” shouts the[22] last comer, a[23] man of the press, with the face[24] of a student, and the spirit[25] of a soldier. “Sign rather[26] your own abdication.” The situation is fine[27]. The pen drops[28] from the King’s fingers; the speaker[29] takes it up, and quietly[30] replaces[31] it in the Monarch’s hand (see S. 43, N. 9).
[1] +wie vom Donner gerührt.+
[2] Here place the verb ‘leaves’.
[3] =The Past (Perfect) Participle is often used elliptically to denote an existing state or condition=; as—
Urged by his father, he instantly left the room.
+Von seinem Vater gedrängt, verließ er eiligst das Zimmer.+
[4] Construe this period by beginning with the adverbial clause ‘from the palace window’, +~von~ den Fenstern des Palastes ~aus~+. The verb must then follow immediately. To denote a starting point with respect to place, the English preposition ‘=from=’ is generally translated by +=von=+ followed by the prepositional adverb +=aus=+, or by +aus ... hinaus+ when the verb indicates a motion from one place to another. In relation to time we use +=von ... an=+, which often corresponds to the English ‘=beginning with=’, or to ‘=from=’ followed by ‘=forwards=’; as—
_Beginning with_ to-morrow (_From to-morrow forwards_) you must take a walk every day.
+~Von morgen an~ müssen Sie jeden Tag spazieren gehen.+
[5] +folgen+ requires the dative.
[6] see S. 78, N. 14.
[7] +zu Pferde.+
[8] +mustern.+
[9] the National Guards, +die Nationalgarde+.
[10] neither has he = and he also not.
[11] +Was giebt’s weiter?+
[12] by the man, +von einem Manne+.
[13] ‘whom — Minister’, construe ‘whom he only (+erst+) yesterday appointed Prime Minister, to satisfy (+genügen+, with the dat.) the impetuous (+ungestüm+) demands of the people’. To appoint, to create, +ernennen+. =Verbs denoting choosing and appointing=, as =+ernennen+, +machen+, and +erwählen+=, to choose, to elect, require in German an Accusative followed by the prep. +=zu=+ with the dative, =when in English they govern two Accusatives in the active voice=; as—
The King _appointed_ Prince Bismarck Prime Minister.
+Der König ~ernannte~ den Fürsten Bismarck ~zum~ Premierminister.+
S. 27, N. 4 will show the construction in connection with the passive voice.
[14] at a glance, +augenblicklich+.
[15] that — anxious, +daß es ihm viel mehr darum zu thun ist+.
[16] to crave permission to resign, +um Erlaubnis bitten, sein Amt nie´derlegen zu dürfen+.
[17] Use the def. art. with this noun, and supply the dat. of the pers. pron. er after the auxiliary; the verb is in the passive voice.
[18] +Musketensalve+, f.
[19] close to their ears = in _the_ immediate neighbourhood.
[20] ‘This — enters’ may be briefly rendered: +Der soeben Eintretende wird es uns zu erkennen geben.+
[21] +unterschrei´ben+, insep. comp. str. v., which use in the 3rd pers. pl. of the Imperative mood. As a mark of respect, the word ‘+Sire+’ may be inserted after this clause.
[22] the — comer, +der Hereingetretene+.
[23] +ein Journalist.+
[24] ‘face’, here = impudence or boldness.
[25] spirit = courage.
[26] +lieber.+
[27] fine = critical.
[28] to drop from, +entfallen+, with the dat.
[29] Form a noun of the present participle of the verb +sprechen+. The noun +Sprecher+ applies, as a rule, to the Speaker in the English House of Commons. The Speaker in the Imperial German Reichstag is styled +Präsident+.
[30] =In German, when the subject stands before the verb, the adverb must never precede the latter or, in compound forms, the copula (auxiliary verb).= Comp. App. § 9.
[31] +wieder geben.+
_Section 103._
THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848.
III.
The audience[1] is already touched[2]. The poor king looks around him for[3] advice; no[4] one offers it; even the Prime Minister of[5] yesterday is dumb; and in[6] another instant the[7] deed is done. The King has abdicated in[8] favour of his grandson[9]. Behind the scenes[10] you (S. 92, N. 5) hear sounds[11] of tumult and disorder, and your[12] heart is already beating for the issue. The King doffs[13] his robes[14], places his sword upon the table, and[15], dressed (S. 102, N. 3) as _a_ private gentleman[16], is _evidently_ anxious[17] to depart. The Queen would[18] fain meet the coming danger, but his[19] Majesty has already ordered the carriages. The horses are put[20] to, but horses and groom are shot[21] by the multitude[22]. A broad path leads from[23] the palace garden[24], and at the end[25] of it a friendly hand[26] has brought two hired coaches[27]. “Let[28] us go,” exclaims the Monarch, and, leaning (S. 53, N. 12) heavily[29] upon the Queen, whose[30] head is high and erect, he hurries on. The coaches are[31] reached; the fugitives escape[32]. They arrive at St. Cloud[33], at Versailles, but not to (S. 19, N. 7. Supply the adv. dort) stay. On[34] they go, and at half-past eleven o’clock at night they descend at Dreux[35].
[1] +Die Anwesenden.+
[2] +tief ergriffen sein.+
[3] +nach.+
[4] No — it, +Keiner erbietet sich dazu+.
[5] of yesterday, +gestern ernannt+, which use attributively before the noun.
[6] in another = in the next.
[7] ‘to do a deed’, here +eine Urkunde vollziehen+.
[8] +zu gunsten.+
[9] +Der Enkel war der älteste Sohn des verstorbenen Herzogs Ferdinand von Orléans und seiner Gemahlin Helene. Dieser Sohn, welcher noch heute (Dez. 1886) in England lebt, trägt den Namen Ludwig Philipp von Orléans und führt den Titel eines Grafen von Paris. Sein jüngerer Bruder ist Robert Philipp von Orléans mit dem Titel Herzog von Chartres, augenblicklich ebenfalls in England.+
[10] Use here the Sing.
[11] sounds — disorder = confusion and noise.
[12] your — issue = our hearts beat already in anxious expectation of the events to come (+des Kommenden+).
[13] +von sich werfen.+
[14] ‘robes’, here +Staatskleider+.
[15] Here place the verb ‘is’.
[16] ‘priv. gentl.’, here +Civilist+.
[17] +begierig+; ‘to depart’, here = to flee.
[18] would fain = would willingly; use the Imperf. Subj. of +mögen+ with the adv. +gern+. To meet danger, +der Gefahr die Stirne bieten+.
[19] +Se.+ (for +Seine+) +Majestät+, after which place the verb in the 3rd pers. pl., which is customary in speaking of Sovereigns.
[20] to put to = to put the horses to, +an´spannen+.
[21] +erschießen.+
[22] +Pöbel+, m.
[23] ‘from’, here +aus ... hinaus+. Comp. S. 102, N. 4.
[24] Form a compound of ‘castle’ and ‘garden’.
[25] ‘end’, here +Ausgang+, m.
[26] Form a comp. of ‘friend’ and ‘hand’ according to S. 76, N. 22, _B_.
[27] +Mietskutsche+, f.
[28] The King would address his Consort in the 2nd pers. sing.
[29] to lean heavily upon, +sich fest stützen auf+ (with Acc.).
[30] +welche mit stolzerhobenem Haupte einherschreitet.+
[31] are reached, +werden bestiegen+.
[32] +entkommen.+
[33] +~Sanct Cloud~ bei Versailles war zu jener Zeit eine beliebte Residenz der königlichen Familie.+ ‘+Sanct+’ (abbreviated +St.+) comes from the Latin ‘sanctus’.
[34] +Es geht weiter.+
[35] +~Dreux~ ist ein Städtchen im Departement Eure-Loire, an der Eure, mit 7000 Einwohnern und enthält ein Schloß mit Grabkapelle des Hauses Orléans, welche von der Mutter des Königs Ludwig Philipp gegründet wurde.+
_Section 104_.
THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848.
IV.
At one in the morning they are joined[1] by (+von+) one of the King’s sons, who informs the unhappy pair that the claims[2] of the grandson _had[3] been_ disregarded, and _that_ the republic had been declared by the people of Paris. It is enough. The King shaves off his whiskers, puts on green spectacles, buries[4] his face in a handkerchief, speaks English, and calls himself Smith. The wind is[5] high, the coast[6] dangerous, embarkation[7] is out of question at the moment, and before an opportunity offers, the rank of the runaways[8] is discovered. Fortune (S. 3, N. 2), however, is[9] with them: they escape[10] capture and put to sea. Protected by Heaven, they reach in safety[11] the hospitable shores of England.
Meanwhile[12], what has happened in Paris? The whole city has given way[13] to a handful of rioters—men (S. 53, N. 9) who meditated an “emeute[14]”, and effected, to their astonishment, an _actual_ revolution. But[15] two individuals upon the side of the King evinced a[16] particle of courage, and these were women—his wife and his daughter-in-law already[17] mentioned. The[18] rest of the city were[19] faithless to themselves as well as to the King.
[1] ‘to be joined’, here +eingeholt werden+ (to be overtaken).
[2] Here +Thronansprüche+.
[3] According to the two rules in §§ 28 and 30 of the Appendix, the Perfect of the Subjunctive Mood is to be used in this and the following clause. The two clauses, however, can be joined by omitting the second conjunction ‘that’ and the copula ‘had been’ of the first clause. Turn ‘to disregard’ by +nicht anerkennen+; the words ‘by — Paris’ may be briefly rendered by +von den Parisern+, which place immediately after the conjunction ‘and’.
[4] ‘to bury’, here = to veil, +umhüllen+; the prep. ‘in’ must then be rendered by +mit+.
[5] is high = blows violently.
[6] since the copula ‘is’ was changed into another verb in the previous clause, it must be inserted here.
[7] The literal version of this clause would not read well. I propose to use the following construction: it is (Comp. N. 19) for the moment impossible to embark.
[8] runaways = fugitives.
[9] is with them, +ist ihnen hold+ (propitious).
[10] to escape capture, +der Verhaftung entgehen+; to put to sea, +in die See stechen+.
[11] +glücklich+; ‘shores’, here +Gestade+.
[12] +Inzwischen+, which place after the copula ‘has’. The verb ‘to happen’ is conjugated with +sein+.
[13] to give way = to yield, conj. with +sein+; handful, +Häuflein+.
[14] +Aufruhr+ m.; rioter, +Aufrührer+.
[15] but = only; individuals = persons.
[16] a particle of = a little.
[17] +deren wir schon erwähnten.+
[18] All _the_ others in the city.
[19] were — King = ‘were just as faithless towards themselves as they were towards the King’, and insert the grammatical subject +es+ after the pronoun ‘they’.—=The grammatical subject +es+ is frequently employed for emphasizing the real subject or to give more tone and like to the construction=; as—+Es sprach die Leidenschaft aus seinen Zügen.+ It is, moreover, used with all impersonal verbs; as—+es friert+, +es donnert+, +es giebt+, +es ist+.
_Section 105._
THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848.
V.