PART I

_Statutes against Opposition to War._ (See p. 110 of text.)

_Alaska_ Laws, 1917, c. 60 (utter any seditious matter or tending to excite discontent, etc.; fair and honest criticism excepted.) 1 yr. or $1,000.

_Florida_ Laws, 1917, c. 7392, No. 134 (persuading or publicly attempting to persuade a person not to enlist in war or when “our foreign relations tend to indicate an impending war or state of war”). Misdemeanor.

_Hawaii_ Laws, 1918 sp., Act 19 (“language calculated or tending to discourage or prevent the vigorous prosecution of the war”; “disrespect to any flag of the United States”; “contemptuous or abusive language about any allied nation or its flag or uniform”; also peace clauses). 1 yr., $1,000.

_Iowa_ (See sedition statute, part II; no express war provision, but opposition punished in:)

State _v._ Gibson, 174 N. W. 34 (1919).

_Louisiana_ Laws, 1917 sp., No. 10 (like Minn., 1917). 3 mos.-1 yr., $100-$500.

Laws, 1918, No. 138 (like contempt part of Espionage Act of 1918). 5 yrs., $50-$5,000. (See sedition statute, part II.)

_Minnesota_ Laws, 1917, c. 463 (see text; repealed by next statute). 1 yr., $100-$500. State _v._ Holm, 139 Minn. 267; L. R. A. 1918 c. 304 (1918). State _v._ Spartz, 140 Minn. 203 (quashed). State _v._ Freerks, 140 Minn. 349. State _v._ Townley, 140 Minn. 413 (quashed). State _v._ Kaercher, 141 Minn. 186. State _v._ Luker, 169 N. W. 700 (1918). State _v._ Hartung, 169 N. W. 712 (1918) (dissent). State _v._ Gilbert, 169 N. W. 790. State _v._ Martin, 169 N. W. 792 (dissent). State _v._ Deike, 172 N. W. 777 (1919 reversed). State _v._ Gilbert, 171 N. W. 798. State _v._ Townley, 171 N. W. 930 (ind. good). State _v._ Rempel, 172 N. W. 919 (reversed). State _v._ Ludemann, 172 N. W. 887 (reversed). State _v._ Rempel, 172 N. W. 888 (reversed). State _v._ Randall, 173 N. W. 425.

Laws, 1919, c. 93 (practically all of U. S. Act of 1918, except obstructing enlistment). 20 yrs., $20,000.

_Montana_ Laws, 1918 sp., c. 11 (model for U. S. Act of 1918). 1–20 yrs., $200-$20,000.

State _v._ Kahn, 182 Pac. 107 (1919). State _v._ Griffith, 184 Pac. 219 (1919) (reversed). State _v._ Wyman, 186 Pac. 1. State _v._ Smith, 188 Pac. 644 (1920 reversed). State _v._ Smith, 190 Pac. 107 (reversed). _Ex parte_ Stair, 263 Fed. 145 (habeas corpus denied).

Laws, 1919, c. 77 (copies U. S. Act of 1917 for war, and rest of U. S. Act of 1918 for all times). 1–20 yrs., $200-$20,000.

_Nebraska_ Laws, 1918 sp., c. 5 (very wide; punishes concealment of knowledge that sedition has been committed; also any violation of U. S. Act of 1917.) 20 yrs., $10,000.

Gerdes _v._ State, 175 N. W. 606 (1919) (reversed).

_New Jersey_ Laws, 1918, c. 36 (like Minn., 1917). 7 yrs., $100-$2,000.

State _v._ Tachin, 106 Atl. 145 (1919); 108 Atl. 318 (dissent).

(See sedition statute, part II).

_Texas_ Laws, 1918 (4th Called Sess.), c. 8 (like La.) 2–25 yrs.

_Ex parte_ Acker, 212 S. W. 500 (1919). Fromme _v._ State, 212 S. W. 501. Meyer _v._ State, 212 S. W. 504. _Ex parte_ Meckel, 220 S. W. 81 (1920, held unconstitutional). 3 mos.-1 yr., $100-$1,000.

_Wisconsin_ Laws, 1918 sp., c. 13 (like Minn., 1917). 1 yr., $1,000.

(Note: In addition to the sedition statutes mentioned, several states during the period of hostilities passed criminal syndicalism laws, see