France and England in North America, Part VII, Vol 2: A Half-Century of Conflict

The Western Sea.--Schemes for reaching it.--Journey of Charlevoix.--The Sioux Mission.--Varennes de la Vérendrye: his Enterprise; his Disasters; visits the Mandans; his Sons; th...

Opposing Claims.--Attitude of the Rival Nations.--America a French Continent.--England a Usurper.--French Demands.-- Magnanimous Proposals.--Warlike Preparation.--Niagara.-- Osw...

War of the Austrian Succession.--The French seize Canseau and attack Annapolis.--Plan of Reprisal.--William Vaughan.-- Governor Shirley: he advises an Attack on Louisbourg.--The...

Seth Pomeroy.--The Voyage.--Canseau.--Unexpected Succors.-- Delays.--Louisbourg.--The Landing.--The Grand Battery taken.--French Cannon turned on the Town.--Weakness of Duchambo...

A Rash Resolution.--The Island Battery.--The Volunteers.--The Attack.--The Repulse.--Capture of the “Vigilant.”--A Sortie.--Skirmishes.--Despondency of the French.--English Camp...

Louisbourg after the Conquest.--Mutiny.--Pestilence.--Stephen Williams: his Diary.--Scheme of Conquering Canada.--Newcastle’s Promises.--Alarm in Canada.--Promises broken.--Plan...

Efforts of France.--Apathy of Newcastle.--Dilemma of Acadians: their Character.--Danger of the Province.--Plans of Shirley.--Acadian Priests.--Political Agitators.--Noble’s Expe...

Frontier Defence.--Northfield and its Minister.--Military Criticisms of Rev. Benjamin Doolittle.--Rigaud de Vaudreuil: his Great War-party; he attacks Fort Massachusetts.--Serge...

THE WESTERN SEA.--SCHEMES FOR REACHING IT.--JOURNEY OF CHARLEVOIX.--THE SIOUX MISSION.--VARENNES DE LA VÉRENDRYE: HIS ENTERPRISE; HIS DISASTERS; VISITS THE MANDANS; HIS SONS; TH...

OPPOSING CLAIMS.--ATTITUDE OF THE RIVAL NATIONS.--AMERICA A FRENCH CONTINENT.--ENGLAND A USURPER.--FRENCH DEMANDS.--MAGNANIMOUS PROPOSALS.--WARLIKE PREPARATION.--NIAGARA.--OSWEG...

WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION.--THE FRENCH SEIZE CANSEAU AND ATTACK ANNAPOLIS.--PLAN OF REPRISAL.--WILLIAM VAUGHAN.--GOVERNOR SHIRLEY: HE ADVISES AN ATTACK ON LOUISBOURG.--THE...

SETH POMEROY.--THE VOYAGE.--CANSEAU.--UNEXPECTED SUCCORS.--DELAYS.-- LOUISBOURG.--THE LANDING.--THE GRAND BATTERY TAKEN.--FRENCH CANNON TURNED ON THE TOWN.--WEAKNESS OF DUCHAMBO...

A RASH RESOLUTION.--THE ISLAND BATTERY.--THE VOLUNTEERS.--THE ATTACK.--THE REPULSE.--CAPTURE OF THE “VIGILANT.”--A SORTIE.--SKIRMISHES.--DESPONDENCY OF THE FRENCH.--ENGLISH CAMP...

LOUISBOURG AFTER THE CONQUEST.--MUTINY.--PESTILENCE.--STEPHEN WILLIAMS: HIS DIARY.--SCHEME OF CONQUERING CANADA.--NEWCASTLE’S PROMISES.--ALARM IN CANADA.--PROMISES BROKEN.--PLAN...

EFFORTS OF FRANCE.--APATHY OF NEWCASTLE.--DILEMMA OF ACADIANS: THEIR CHARACTER.--DANGER OF THE PROVINCE.--PLANS OF SHIRLEY.-- ACADIAN PRIESTS.--POLITICAL AGITATORS.--NOBLE’S EXP...

From the East we turn to the West, for the province of New York passed for the West at that day. Here a vital question was what would be the attitude of the Five Nations of the...

FRONTIER DEFENCE.--NORTHFIELD AND ITS MINISTER.--MILITARY CRITICISMS OF REV. BENJAMIN DOOLITTLE.--RIGAUD DE VAUDREUIL: HIS GREAT WAR-PARTY; HE ATTACKS FORT MASSACHUSETTS.--SERGE...

“L’année Dernier 1719 je presenté un Memoire Concernant les prétensions reciproques de la grande bretagne et de la france par Raport aux Colonies des deux Nations dans L’Ameriqu...

“... Having lately procur’d from Fort Major Phillips of Annapolis Royal the late Lieutenant Governour Armstrong’s Original Instrument mention’d in my late State of the Province...

Acadia, i. 7; French claims regarding the extent of its territory, i. 47; its government, i. 110; the old régime in, i. 110-119; friction between the temporal and spiritual powe...

Acadians, the, trade of Boston merchants with, i. 7, 115; take the oath of allegiance to Queen Anne, i. 191; break their oath, i. 191; apply to Vaudreuil for aid, i. 192; the Fr...

Shirley’s plan for securing the allegiance of, ii. 177; Shirley’s plan to convert them to Protestantism, ii. 180; Ramesay tries to persuade them to join his expedition against A...

Duquesnel’s plans against, ii. 61; its condition, ii. 61; failure of Duvivier’s attack on, ii. 63; Duvivier again lays siege to, ii. 126; the French plan to attack, ii. 162, 164...

Anville, Duc d’, ii. 157, 158; disasters of, ii. 159-162; death of, ii. 162; burial of, ii. 162; chief aim of his expedition, ii. 169; ii. 175, 235, 330, 346.

Beauharnois, Charles de, the intendant, on the treachery of the Abenakis, i. 37; on the French expedition against New England, i. 56; on Beaucour’s unsuccessful expedition again...

averse to violent measures against the Indians, i. 337; slandered by Dupuy, i. 338; on Lignery’s expedition against the Outagamies, i. 339; on the scheme to reach the Pacific Oc...

tries to obtain aid from the court for La Vérendrye, ii. 13; on the Mandans, ii. 21; demands the demolition of Oswego, ii. 54; on the establishment of Crown Point, ii. 56; on th...

on the losses at Grand Pré, ii. 198; on the courtesies exchanged between the French and the English at Grand Pré, ii. 199; his account of the French victory at Mines, ii. 200.

Belknap, on the Indian attack on Wells, i. 46; on the loss of life in Queen Anne’s War, i. 47; on Major Church at Port Royal, i. 124; on March’s failure against Port Royal, i. 1...

trade between the French of Acadia and, i. 108; French scheme to ruin, i. 161; make plans for the Canadian expedition, i. 164, 165; 367 distrusts the English troops, i. 166; Bon...

Brouillan, Jacques François de, urges peace between England and France, i. 6; his letter to Governor Bellomont, i. 7; in command of Acadia, i. 110; paucity of his fighting resou...

join the expedition against New England, i. 56; draw out of an expedition against New England, i. 96; promise Schuyler not to attack New England, i. 100; in the conquest of Cana...

Crown Point, i. 141; ii. 55; the French intrenched at, ii. 55, 56; La Corne urges the fortifying of, ii. 56; fort built at, ii. 56; Shirley plans to attack, ii. 156, 207, 234; R...

deed over their beaver-hunting ground to King William, i. 33; 377 Abraham Schuyler seeks to gain their aid in the conquest of Canada, i. 138; their policy with the French and En...

Habitant de Louisbourg, the, on Duvivier’s attack on Annapolis, ii. 62, 63; on the plan to attack Louisbourg, ii. 68; on the garrison at Louisbourg, ii. 95; on the poor conditio...

on the attack of the English, ii. 108; on the capture of the “Vigilant” by the English, ii. 124; on the number of English at Louisbourg, ii. 134; on the siege, ii. 137; on the r...

Hutchinson, Thomas, on the French and Indian attack on Haverhill, i. 99; on the negotiations for neutrality between Dudley and Vaudreuil, i. 104; on the opposition to Governor D...

Iberville, Le Moyne d’, plans for an expedition against New England, i. 6; offers to plant a colony in Louisiana, i. 300; 382 his offer accepted, i. 300; enters the Mississippi...

Knowles, Admiral Charles, on the character of the Acadians, ii. 172; urges the expulsion of the Acadians, ii. 177; Charlestown named after, ii. 228; ii. 327, 328, 335, 336, 345,...

La Vérendrye, Chevalier, among the Mandans, ii. 20; his adventures searching for the Pacific, ii. 22-35; discovers the Rocky Mountains, ii. 35; jealousy of rivals, ii. 35; disco...

Louis XIV., the War of the Spanish Succession springs from the ambition of, i. 4; places his grandson on the throne of Spain, i. 4; recognizes the son of James II. as King of En...

Iberville offers to plant a colony in, i. 300; the first foundations of, i. 302; marriageable girls sent from France to, i. 306, 314; famine and pestilence in, i. 306; farmed ou...

Margry, Pierre, i. 18, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 354, 355, 356, 358, 360, 366, 368; ii. 12, 25, 36; on the achievements of the family of La Vére...

Mascoutins, the, on Rock River, i. 278; at Detroit, i. 280; their camp attacked, i. 285; the siege, i. 286; their desperate position, i. 287; make overtures to Dubuisson, i. 287...

Massachusetts, the colony of, i. 7; the whole burden of war falls upon, i. 16; the settlements of Maine a dependency of, i. 40; the cost of killing an Indian, to, i. 100; passes...

make-up of her contingent, ii. 81, 82; bankrupt condition of, ii. 142; reimbursed by England for expenditures on the Louisbourg expedition, ii. 142; restored to financial health...

responds to Shirley’s call to the defence of Annapolis, ii. 182; suffers from Indian border attacks, ii. 217; New Hampshire disputes her claim to Fort Dummer, ii. 217; her settl...

Massachusetts, Fort, ii. 231, 232, 236; Rigaud plans to attack, ii. 237-240; description of, ii. 241; site of, ii. 243; the attack, ii. 243, 244; a parley, ii. 247; capitulation...

Michilimackinac, the Jesuit mission of, i. 17; La Mothe-Cadillac at, i. 17; the centre of the western fur-trade, i. 17; the favorite haunt of the _coureurs de bois_, i. 17; curi...

Mississippi Company, the, Louisiana passes into the hands of, i. 315; efforts of the French government to maintain, i. 315, 316; removes L’Épinay and reappoints Bienville as gov...

Mohawk Indians, the, Jesuits among, i. 13; in the conquest of Canada, i. 139; Peter Schuyler takes five of their chiefs to England, i. 147; their flattering reception, i. 147; W...

the English plan to attack, i. 135, 140; excited in expectation of Nicholson’s attack, i. 142; Walker’s expedition plans to attack, i. 165; ii. 6; La Vérendrye at, ii. 13; the E...

his apathy regarding the defence of Acadia, ii. 170; Shirley’s letters regarding the Acadian dilemma to, ii. 171, 175, 176, 179, 312, 314, 317, 320, 322, 325, 330, 331, 342, 345...

New England, loose use of the name, i. 5; French plans for the destruction of, i. 5; the whole burden of war falls upon, i. 16; the Abenakis spurred on by the French against, i....

the Abenaki tribes of, i. 101; joins an expedition against Port Royal, i. 125; ordered to furnish troops for the conquest of Canada, i. 135; her prompt response, i. 138, 143; de...

joins Shirley’s expedition against Louisbourg, ii. 69, 70, 71; make-up of her contingent, ii. 82; reimbursed by England for expenditures on the Louisbourg expedition, ii. 143; s...

responds to Shirley’s call to the defence of Annapolis, ii. 182; suffers from Indian border attacks, ii. 217; disputes the claim of Massachusetts to Fort Dummer, ii. 217; ii. 26...

New York, French plans for the destruction of, i. 5, 6; assistance received in waging war from the different colonies by, i. 8; in a wretched condition for defence, i. 9; privat...

Nicholson, Colonel Francis, commands the conquest of Canada, i. 136, 139; his march to Wood Creek, i. 140; his meeting with Ramesay, i. 140, 141; pestilence in his camp, i. 143;...

description of their village, i. 218; at the convention at Portsmouth, i. 220; embittered against the English, i. 223; alarmed by the intrusion of settlers, i. 224; attend a cou...

Nova Scotia, i. 110, 191, 212; ii. 159, 174, 175, 176, 312, 313, 314, 316, 320, 321, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 34...

Pacific Ocean, the, plans for reaching, ii. 3; probable cost of reaching, ii. 4; report of Charlevoix on, ii. 5; the brothers La Vérendrye search for, ii. 22-35; Captains Lewis...

on the Indian attacks on the frontier of Maine, i. 46; on Caleb Lyman’s attack on the French Indians, i. 50; on the attack of Deerfield, i. 70; on Beaucour’s unsuccessful expedi...

on the council at Georgetown, i. 228; at Georgetown, i. 234; on the Indian attack on Oxford, i. 243; on the Micmac raids, i. 244; the Boston treaty, i. 255; on Lovewell’s expedi...

at the conference at Portsmouth, i. 220; attend a council at Georgetown, i. 224; attack the fort on St. George’s River, i. 244; Colonel Westbrook sent against, i. 244; their att...

disagreement with Warren, ii. 126-129; comes to an understanding with Warren, ii. 130; receives Duchambon’s offer of capitulation, ii. 132; the surrender, ii. 133; discontent of...

shares the honor of victory with Warren, ii. 138, 139; rivalry between Warren and, ii. 140, 141; made a baronet, ii. 142; governs Louisbourg jointly with Warren, ii. 146; mutiny...

Ponchartrain, the colonial minister, interview of Cadillac with, i. 27; accepts Cadillac’s plan, i. 28; letters from Cadillac to, i. 30-32; gives over Detroit to Cadillac, i. 32...

failure of the expedition, i. 129-131; New England plans another attack on, i. 145; the attack on, i. 151; surrenders to Nicholson, i. 153; its name changed to Annapolis Royal,...

Portsmouth, i. 5, 49, 51; proposed French and Indian attack on, i. 96, 97; Vetch at, i. 136; conference between Governor Dudley and the Abenakis at, i. 220; ii. 65, 155, 182.

sent out against Nicholson’s expedition, i. 140; accomplishes nothing, i. 141; on the number of Nicholson’s force, i. 142; complains of English instigation, i. 331; sent to Acad...

tries to persuade the Acadians to join his expedition against Annapolis, ii. 181; retreats from Grand Pré to Chignecto, ii. 182, 183, 184; plans to surprise Noble, ii. 184; acci...

Raudot, the Canadian intendant, on the French and Indian attack on Haverhill, i. 99; his letters to Ponchartrain, i. 119; urges the occupation by the French of Cape Breton, i. 186.

Rhode Island, the colony of, i. 8, 121; joins an expedition against Port Royal, i. 125; ordered to furnish troops for the conquest of Canada, i. 135, 143; decides to attack Port...

Schuyler, Peter, on the New York war, i. 8; contributes to the support of New York, i. 9; understands the character of the Indians, i. 10; his visit to Onondaga, i. 12; on the f...

favors the proposed conquest of Canada, i. 137; sails for Europe with five Mohawk chiefs, i. 146, 147; their flattering reception, i. 147; on the Mohawk chiefs in England, i. 14...

on the French and Indian attack on Haverhill, i. 99; opposes Governor Dudley, i. 106; his benevolence towards the Indians, i. 223; at the council at Georgetown, i. 224; his spee...

restores order in Louisbourg, ii. 146, 147; 408 his schemes to conquer Canada, ii. 150; Newcastle’s promises to, ii. 153; Newcastle fails to keep his promises, ii. 155; abandons...

resolved to keep Acadia, ii. 170; Newcastle leaves the defence of Acadia to, ii. 171; his letters to Newcastle on the Acadian dilemma, ii. 171, 175, 176, 179; letter from Mascar...

reoccupies Grand Pré, ii. 201; unable to do for Acadia all that the emergency demanded, ii. 204; blames Newcastle’s government, ii. 204; letter from Captain Stevens to, ii. 229;...

strange customs of, i. 352; their hostile disposition toward the French, ii. 5, 7, 8; murder Annean’s party, ii. 13; persecute the Mandans, ii. 17; their enmity toward the Snake...

i. 274; ii. 44, 46, 48, 50; leaves unsettled the questions of boundary, ii. 59; cedes Acadia to England, ii. 173; ii. 203, 205, 258, 262, 263, 264, 267, 272, 273, 338, 356.

on Ramesay’s expedition against Nicholson, i. 141; on the pestilence in Nicholson’s camp, i. 143; 412 Ponchartrain recommends Costebelle’s scheme to, i. 158; warned of the Engli...

determines to destroy the Outagamies, i. 331; in despair over the difficulty of keeping the western tribes quiet, i. 335; on the scheme to reach the Pacific Ocean, ii. 6; his ef...

commands the expedition against Noble, ii. 185; a winter march, ii. 187; the plan of attack, ii. 190, 191; the attack, ii. 129; 413 severely wounded, ii. 192; ii. 198.

Walker, Admiral, Sir Hovenden, naval command of the expedition against Canada given to, i. 164; in Boston, i. 169; the loss of his transports, i. 172-174; gives up the expeditio...

Wells, Jonathan, fortified house of, i. 58; fugitives in, i. 62; leads a party against the French and Indians, i. 66; petitions the General Court for an allotment of land, i. 67.

Williams, John, minister at Deerfield, i. 57; his letter to the governor, i. 59; attacked by the French and Indians, i. 61; 415 captured, i. 62; on the attack of Deerfield, i. 6...

Williams, Samuel, in Indian captivity, i. 75; at Montreal, i. 83; forced to turn Catholic, i. 83; returns to his creed, i. 84; exchanged, i. 84; death of, i. 84.

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and moved to the end of the chapter or appendix section to which they pertain. The anchor for Footnote 189 was missing in the original and...