Category: Science - Biology
I. Archaean, 34–36. II. Cambrian, 36–37. III. Ordovician, 37–38. IV. Silurian, 38. V. Devonian, 39. VI. Carboniferous, 39–45. VII. Permian, 45–47. VIII. Trias., 47–48. IX. Jurassic, 48–49. X. Cretaceous, 50–51. XI. Tertiary, 51–53. Geological Evolution.
I. Archaean, 34–36. II. Cambrian, 36–37. III. Ordovician, 37–38. IV. Silurian, 38. V. Devonian, 39. VI. Carboniferous, 39–45. VII. Permian, 45–47. VIII. Trias., 47–48. IX. Juras...
4. CHAPTER IV.Old surface-soils. Fossil wood. Conditions of fossilisation. Drifting of trees. Meaning of the term ‘Fossil.’ Incrustations. Casts of trees. Fossil casts. Plants and coal. Fossi...
5. CHAPTER V.6. CHAPTER VI.7. CHAPTER VII.B. CHLOROPHYCEAE 156–178 _a._ SIPHONEAE 157–177 α. =Caulerpaceae= 157–159 β. =Codiaceae= 159–164 _Codium_ 159–160. _Sphaerocodium_ 160. _Penicillus_ 161. _Ovulites_ 161–164. _Ha...
8. CHAPTER VIII.9. CHAPTER IX.II. =FOSSIL EQUISETALES= 254–294 A. EQUISETITES 257–281 _Equisetites Hemingwayi_ 263–264. _E. spatulatus_ 264–266. _E. zeaeformis_ 266. _E. arenaceus_ 268–269. _E. columnaris_ 2...
10. CHAPTER X.II. =Description of the anatomy of Calamites= 302–364 _a._ _Stems_ 304–329 _Arthropitys_, _Arthrodendron_, and _Calamodendron_. _b._ _Leaves_ 329–342 α. _Calamocladus_ (_Asterop...
11. CHAPTER XI.FIG. PAGE 1. _Lepidodendron._ (M. S.) 10 2. Geological section 29 3. Table of strata 32, 33 4. Geological section (coal seam) 44 5. _Neuropteris Scheuchzeri_ Hoffm. (M. S.) 45 6...
12. CHAPTER I.“But particular care ought to be had not to consult or take relations from any but those who appear to have been both long conversant in these affairs, and likewise persons of S...
13. CHAPTER II.Since the greater refinements and thoroughness of scientific methods and the enormous and ever-increasing mass of literature have inevitably led to extreme specialisation, it is...
14. CHAPTER III.In attempting to sketch in briefest outline the geological history of the Earth, the most important object to keep in view is that of reproducing as far as possible the broad fe...
15. CHAPTER IV.The discovery of a fossil, whether as an impression on the surface of a slab of rock or as a piece of petrified wood, naturally leads us back to the living plant, and invites sp...
16. CHAPTER V.“Robinson Crusoe did not feel bound to conclude, from the single human footprint which he saw in the sand, that the maker of the impression had only one leg.” HUXLEY’S _Hume_, p...
17. CHAPTER VI.“I do not think more credit is due to a man for defining a species, than to a carpenter for making a box.” CHARLES DARWIN, _Life and Letters_, Vol. I., p. 371.
18. CHAPTER VII.The divisions of the plant kingdom dealt with in the following chapters of Volume I. are taken in their natural sequence, beginning with the lowest and passing gradually to the...
19. CHAPTER VIII.The Bryophyta are small plants, varying in size from 1 mm. to about 30 cm., creeping or erect, having a thalloid, or more usually a foliose body, consisting of a cell-mass exhib...
20. CHAPTER IX.The Pteridophytes include plants which vary in size from a few millimetres[482] to several metres in height. The spore on germination gives rise to a small thalloid structure, t...
21. CHAPTER X.In order to minimise repetition and digression the following account of the Calamarieae is divided into sections, under each of which a certain part of the subject is more parti...
22. mm. The axis of the cone bears whorls of sterile leaves or bracts atequal distances; the linear bracts of each whorl are coherent basally as a disc or plate of tissue attached at right angles to the central axis of the cone. The periphery of eac...
23. CHAPTER XI.The genus _Sphenophyllum_ is placed in a special class, as representing a type which cannot be legitimately included in any of the existing groups of Vascular Cryptogams. Althou...