CHAPTER XX

LIFE POLICY. VIRTUE VS. SUCCESS

Life policy.--Oaths; truthfulness vs. success.--The clever hero.--Odysseus, Rother, Njal.--Clever heroes in German epics.--Lack of historic sense amongst Christians.--Success policy in the Italian Renaissance.--Divergence between convictions and conduct.--Classical learning a fad.--The humanists.--Individualism.--Perverted use of words.-- Extravagance of passions and acts.--The sex relation and the position of women.--The cult of success.--Literature on the mores.--Moral anarchy.

+712. Life policy.+ Some primitive or savage groups are very truthful, both in narrative and in regard to their promises or pledged word. Other groups are marked by complete neglect of truthfulness. Falsehood and deceit are regarded as devices by which to attain success in regard to interests. The North American Indians generally regarded deceit by which an enemy was outwitted as praiseworthy; in fact it was a part of the art of war. It is still so regarded in modern civilized warfare. It is, however, limited by rules of morality. There was question whether the deception by which Aguinaldo was captured was within the limit. In sport also, which is a sort of mimic warfare, deception and "jockeying" are more or less recognized as legitimate. Samoan children are taught that it is "unsamoan" to tell the truth. It is stupid, because it sacrifices one's interest.[2216] It does not appear that the experience of life teaches truthfulness on any of the lower stages. The truthful peoples are generally the isolated, unwarlike, and simple. Warfare and strength produce cunning and craft. It is only at the highest stage of civilization that deceit is regarded with contempt, and is thought not to pay. That honesty is the best policy is current doctrine, but not established practice now. It is a part of a virtue policy, which is inculcated as right and necessary, but whether it is a success policy is not a closed question.

+713. Oaths. Truthfulness vs. success.+ It is evident that truthfulness or untruthfulness, when either is a group characteristic, is due to a conviction that societal welfare is served by one or the other. Truthfulness is, therefore, primary in the mores. It does not proceed from the religion, but the religion furnishes a sanction for the view which prevails in the mores. Oaths and imprecations are primitive means of invoking the religious sanction in promises and contracts. They always implied that the superior powers would act in the affairs of men in a proposed way, if the oath maker should break his word. This implication failed so regularly that faith in oaths never could be maintained. Since they have fallen into partial disuse the expediency of truthfulness has been perceived, and the value of a reputation for it has been recognized. Thus it has become a question whether a true success policy is to be based on truth or falsehood. The mores of groups contain their answer, which they inculcate on the young.

+714. The clever hero. Krishna.+ The wily and clever hero, who knows what to do to get out of a difficulty, or to accomplish a purpose, is a very popular character in the great epics. In the _Mahabharata_ Krishna is such a hero, who invents stratagems and policies for the Panduings in their strife with the Kuruings. The king of the latter, when dying, declares that the Panduings have always been dishonorable and tricky, while he and his party have always adhered to honorable methods. However, he is dying and his party is almost annihilated. The victors are somewhat affected by his taunts, which refer to Krishna's inventions and suggestions, but Krishna shows them the booty and says: "But for my stratagems you would have had none of these fine things. What do you care that you got them by tricks? Do you not want them?" They applaud and praise him. Then the surviving Kuruings, weary of virtue and defeat, surprise and murder the Panduings in the night, an act which was contrary to the code of honorable war. The antagonism of a virtue policy and a success policy could not be more strongly presented.[2217] In the same poem Samarishta says that five lies are allowed when one's life or property is in danger. The wicked lie is one uttered before witnesses in reply to a serious question, and the only real lie is one uttered of set purpose for selfish gain. Yayati, however, says, "I may not be false, even though I should be in direst peril."[2218] The heroes fear to falsify, and the Vedas are quoted that a lie is the greatest sin.[2219] The clever hero has remained the popular hero. At the present day we are told that Ganesa, or Gana-pati, son of Siva, really represents "a complex personification of sagacity, shrewdness, patience, and self-reliance,--of all those qualities, in short, which overcome hindrances and difficulties, whether in performing religious acts, writing books, building houses, making journeys, or undertaking anything. He is before all things the typical embodiment of success in life, with its usual accompaniments of good living, plenteousness, prosperity, and peace."[2220] The Persians, from the most ancient times, have been noted liars. They used truth and falsehood as instruments of success. The relation of king and subject and of husband and wife amongst them were false. They were invented and maintained for a purpose.[2221]

+715. Odysseus.+ The Greeks admired cunning and successful stratagem. Odysseus was wily. He was a clever hero. His maternal grandfather Autolykos was, by endowment of Hermes (a god of lying and stealing), a liar and thief beyond all men.[2222]

+716. Clever hero in German epics.+ In the German poems of the twelfth century Rother is a king who accomplishes his ends by craft. In the _Nibelungen_, Hagen is the efficient man, who, in any crisis, knows what to do and can accomplish it by craft and strength combined. The heroes are noteworthy for tricks, stratagems, ruses, and perfidy.[2223] In all the epic poems the princes have by their side mentors who are crafty, fertile in resource, and clever in action.[2224] In the Icelandic saga of Burnt Njal, Njal is the knowing man, peaceful and friendly. His crafty devices are chiefly due to his knowledge of the law, which was full of chicane and known to few. These clever heroes, developed out of the mores of one period and fixed in the epics, became standards and guides for the mores of later times, in which they were admired as types of what every one would like to be.

+717. Lack of historic sense amongst Christians.+ In the first centuries of the Christian era no school of religion or philosophy thought that it was an inadmissible proceeding to concoct edifying writings and attribute them to some great authority of earlier centuries, or to invent historical documents to advance a cause or support the claims of a sect. This view came down to the Middle Ages. The lack of historic feeling is well shown by the crusaders who, after Antioch was taken, in the next few days and on the spot, began to write narratives of the deeds of their respective commanders which were not true, but were exaggerated, romantic, and imaginary. They were not derived from observation of facts, but were fashioned upon the romances of chivalry.[2225] This was not myth making. It was conscious reveling in poetic creation according to the prevailing literary type. It was not falsehood, but it showed an entire absence of the sense of historic truth. In the case of the canon law, "the decretals were intended to furnish a documentary title, running back to apostolic times, for the divine institution of the primacy of the pope, and for the teaching office of bishops; a title which in truth did not exist."[2226] There was probably lacking in the minds of the men who invented the decretals all consciousness of antagonism between fact and their literary work. If they could have been confronted with the ethical question, they would probably have said that they knew that the doctrines in question were true, and that if the fathers had had occasion to speak of them they would have said such things as were put in their mouths. Mediæval history writing was not subject to canons of truth or taste. It included what was edifying, to the glory of God and the church. Legends and history were of equal value, since both were used for edification. The truth of either was unimportant.

+718. Success policy in the Italian Renaissance.+ The historical period in which the success policy was pursued most openly and unreservedly was the Italian Renaissance. The effect on all virtue, especially on truthfulness of speech and character, was destructive, and all the mores of the period were marked by the choice of the code of conduct which disregards truth. The most deep-lying and far-reaching cause of societal change was the accumulation of capital and the development of a capitalistic class. New developments in the arts awakened hope and enterprise, and produced a "boundless passion for discovery" in every direction.[2227] The mediæval church system did not contain as much obscurantism in Italy as in some other countries, and the interests of the Italians were intertwined with the hierarchical interests of Rome in many ways. It flattered Italian pride and served Italian interests that Rome should be the center of the Christian world. Every person had ties with the church establishment either directly or by relatives. In spite of philosophic freedom of thought or moral contempt for the clergy, "it was a point of good society and refined taste to support the church." "It was easy for Germans and Englishmen to reason calmly about dethroning the papal hierarchy. Italians, however they might loathe the temporal power, could not willingly forego the spiritual primacy of the civilized world." Thus the Renaissance pursued its aims, which were distinctly worldly, with a superficial good-fellowship towards the church institution.[2228] "The attitude of the upper and middle classes of Italy towards the church, at the height of the Renaissance, is a combination of deep and contemptuous dislike with accommodation towards the hierarchy as a body deeply interwoven with actual life, and with a feeling of dependence on sacraments and ritual. All this was crossed, too, by the influence of great and holy preachers."[2229]

+719. Divergence between convictions and conduct.+ This means that faith in Christian doctrine was gone, but that the ecclesiastical system was a tolerated humbug which served many interests. Burckhardt quotes[2230] a passage from Guicciardini in which the latter says that he had held positions under many popes, which compelled him to wish for their greatness, on account of his own advantage. Otherwise he would have loved Martin Luther, not in order to escape the restraints of the current church doctrine, but in order to see the corrupt crew brought to order, so that they must have learned to live either without power or without vices. Thus the conduct of men was separated from their most serious convictions by considerations of interest and expediency, and a moral inconsistency was developed in character. Churches were built and foundations were multiplied, so that the masses seemed more zealous than the popes, but at the beginning of the sixteenth century there were bitter complaints of the decline of worship and the neglect of the churches.[2231] We have all the phenomena of a grand breaking up of old mores and the beginning of new ones. "It required the unbelief of the fifteenth century to give free rein to the rising commercial energies, and the craving for material improvement, that paved the way for the overthrow of ascetic sacerdotalism."[2232] The new class of burghers with capital produced a new idea of liberty to be set against the feudal idea of liberty of nobles and ecclesiastics, and that new class became the founders of the modern state.

+720. Classical learning a fad.+ Whatever may have been the origin of the zeal for classical study of the late Middle Ages, it was a remarkable example of a fad which became the fashion and very strongly influenced the mores. It was strengthened by the revolt against the authority of the church, and the humanism which it produced took the place of the mental stock which the church had offered. "Humanism effected the emancipation of intellect by culture. It called attention to the beauty and delightfulness of nature, restored man to a sense of his dignity, and freed him from theological authority. But in Italy, at any rate, it left his conscience, his religion, his sociological ideas, the deeper problems which concern his relation to the universe, the subtler secrets of the world in which he lives, untouched."[2233] That means that it was a fad and was insincere. There were men who were great scholars within the standards of humanism, but the enthusiasm for art, the zeal for Latin and Greek literature, the coöperative struggle for exhumations and specimens, were features of a reigning fad. The Renaissance was an affair of the upper and middle classes. It never could spread to the masses. Classical learning came to be valued as a caste mark. Then it became still more truly an affectation, and was tainted with untruth. The masses were superior in the sincerity and truthfulness of their mores by the contrast. The humanists were pagan and profane, but did not follow their doctrines into a reformation of the church. They exaggerated the knowledge of the ancients and the prestige of classical opinion until it seemed to them that anything ancient must be true and authoritative. They transferred to what was ancient the irrational reverence which had been paid to the doctrines of the church, and paid to the great classical authors the respect which had been paid to saints.[2234] In the sixteenth century they fell into discredit for their haughtiness, their shameful dissipation, and for their unbelief.[2235]

+721. The humanists.+ The humanists of Italy are a class by themselves, without historical relations. They had no trade or profession and could make no recognized career. Their controversies had a large personal element. They sought to exterminate each other. Three excuses have been suggested for them. The excessive petting and spoiling they met with when luck favored them; the lack of a guarantee for their physical circumstances, which depended on the caprice of patrons and the malice of rivals; and the delusive influence of antiquity, or of their notions about it. The last destroyed their Christian morality without giving them a substitute. Their careers were such generally that only the strongest moral natures could endure them without harm. They plunged into changeful and wearing life, in which exhaustive study, the duties of a household tutor, a secretary, or a professor, service near a prince, deadly hostility and danger, enthusiastic admiration and extravagant scorn, excess and poverty, followed each other in confusion. The humanist needed to know how to carry a great erudition and to endure a succession of various positions and occupations. To these were added on occasion stupefying and disorderly enjoyment, and when the basest demands were made on him he had to be indifferent to all morals. Haughtiness was a certain consequence in character. The humanists needed it to sustain themselves, and the alternation of flattery and hatred strengthened them in it. They were victims of subjectiveness. The admiration of classical antiquity was so extravagant and mistaken that all the humanists were subject to excessive suggestion which destroyed their judgment.[2236]

+722. "Individualism."+ Recent writers on the period have emphasized the individualism which was produced. By this is meant the emancipation of men of talent from traditional morality, and the notion that any man might do anything which would win success for his purposes. There was no grinding of men down to an average.[2237] This code was very widely applied in statecraft and social struggles. A smattering knowledge of Plutarch, Plato, and Virgil furnished heroic examples which could justify anything.[2238] Machiavelli's _Prince_ was only a text-book of this school of action for statesmen. Given the existing conditions in Italy, he assumed a man of ability and asked how he should best act. "He said that, to such a man, undertaking such a task, moral considerations were of subsidiary importance, and success was the one criterion by which he was to be judged. The conception was one forced on him by the actual facts of Italian history in his own time. The methods which he codified were those which he saw being actually employed."[2239] Gobineau[2240] supposes a dialogue between Michael Angelo, Machiavelli, and Granacci about Francis I, Henry VIII, Charles V, and Leo X, in which the speakers attempt to foresee the development of events. They do not rightly estimate the royal personages, do not foresee the Reformation, and do not at all correctly judge the future. It was impossible that any one could do the last at a time when great historical movements and efforts of personal vanity and desire were mixing in gigantic struggles to control the world's history. Italy offered a narrower arena for personal ambition. Creighton[2241] describes Gismondo Malatesta of Rimini. He "thoroughly mastered the lesson that to man all things are possible. He trusted to himself, and to himself only. He pursued his desires, whatever they might be. His appetites, his ambition, his love of culture, swayed his mind in turns, and each was allowed full scope. He was at once a ferocious scoundrel, a clear-headed general, an adventurous politician, a careful administrator, a man of letters and of refined taste. No one could be more entirely emancipated, more free from prejudice, than he. He was a typical Italian of the Renaissance, combining the brutality of the Middle Ages, the political capacity which Italy early developed, and the emancipation brought by the new learning." This might serve as a description of any one of the great secular men of the period. "Capacity might raise the meanest monk to the chair of St. Peter, the meanest soldier to the duchy of Milan. Audacity, vigor, unscrupulous crime, were the chief requisites of success."[2242] "In Italy itself, where there existed no time-honored hierarchy of classes and no fountain of nobility in the person of a sovereign, one man was a match for another, provided he knew how to assert himself.... In the contest for power, and in the maintenance of an illegal authority, the picked athletes came to the front."[2243]

+723. Perverted use of words.+ Many words were given a peculiar and technical meaning in the use of the period. _Tristezza_ often meant wickedness. It was a duty to be cheerful and gay.[2244] "Terribleness was a word which came into vogue to describe Michael Angelo's grand manner. It implied audacity of imagination, dashing draughtsmanship, colossal scale, something demonic and decisive in execution."[2245] _Virtù_ meant the ability to win success. Machiavelli used it for force, cunning, courage, ability, and virility. "It was not incompatible with craft and dissimulation, or with the indulgence of sensual vices."[2246] Cellini used _virtuoso_ to denote genius, artistic ability, and masculine force.[2247] "The Italian _onore_ consisted partly of the credit attaching to public distinction and partly of a reputation for _virtù_" in the above sense.[2248] It was objective,--"an addition conferred from without, in the shape of reputation, glory, titles of distinction, or offices of trust."[2249] "The _onesta_ of a married woman is compatible with secret infidelity, provided she does not expose herself to ridicule and censure by letting her amour be known."[2250] A _virago_ meant a bluestocking, but was a term of respect for a learned woman. Modesty was "the natural grace of a gifted woman increased by education and association."[2251] The tendency of words to special uses is an index of the character of the mores of a period. The development of equality, when the restraints of traditional morality are removed, ought not to be passed without notice.

+724. Extravagance of passions and acts.+ It followed from the "ways" of the period that the human race "was bastardized" "by the physical calamities, the perpetual pestilences, the constant wars, the moral miseries, the religious conflicts, and the invasion of ancient ideas only half understood." The men died young in years, old in vice, decrepit and falling to pieces when not beyond the years of youth.[2252] The emancipation of men with inordinate ambition and lust meant a grand chance of crime. Pope Paul III (Farnese) said that men like Cellini, "unique in their profession, are not bound by the laws." Cellini had committed a murder. He committed several others, to say nothing of minor crimes. After he escaped from St. Angelo, he was in the hands and under the protection of Cardinal Cornaro. The pope, Clement VII, wanted to get possession of him and Cornaro wanted a bishopric for a friend, so the pope and cardinal made a bargain and Cellini was surrendered.[2253] "Italian society admired the bravo almost as much as imperial Rome admired the gladiator. It also assumed that genius combined with force of character released men from the shackles of ordinary morality."[2254] Cellini was a specimen man of his age. He kept religion and morality far separated from each other.[2255] Varchi wrote a sonnet on him which is false in fact and in form, and displays the technical and conventional insincerity of the age.[2256] The augmentative form of the name Lorenzaccio expresses the notion that he was great, awful, and wicked.[2257] His biographer says that he was a "mattoid."[2258] He missed success because his antagonists were stronger than he, but his career was typical of the age. He was in part a victim of the classical suggestion. He expected to be glorified as a tyrannicide. This taste for the imaginative element was an important feature in the Italian Renaissance and helped to make it theatrical and untrue. "In gratifying his thirst for vengeance [the Italian] was never contented with mere murder. To obtain a personal triumph at the expense of his enemy by the display of superior cunning, by rendering him ridiculous, by exposing him to mental as well as physical anguish, by wounding him through his affections or his sense of honor, was the end which he pursued."[2259] "However profligate the people might have been, they were not contented with grossness unless seasoned with wit. The same excitement of the fancy rendered the exercise of ingenuity, or the avoidance of peril, an enhancement of pleasure to the Italians. This is perhaps the reason why all the imaginative compositions of the Renaissance, especially the _novellae_, turn upon adultery."[2260] The false standards, aims, codes, and doctrines required this play of the fantasy to make them seem worth while. The fantastic element gave all the zest. When the mediæval imaginative element failed the classical learning furnished a new one with suggestions, examples for imitation, and unlimited maxims and doctrines. Hence the passions become violent and upon occasion criminal,[2261] that is to say, they violated the code recognized by all men in all ages. "Force, which had been substituted for Law in government, became, as it were, the mainspring of society. Murders, poisoning, rapes, and treasons were common incidents of private as of public life. In cities like Naples blood guilt could be atoned for at an inconceivably low rate. A man's life was worth scarcely more than that of a horse. The palaces of the nobles swarmed with professional cutthroats, and the great ecclesiastics claimed for their abodes the right of sanctuary. Popes sold absolution for the most horrible excesses, and granted indulgences beforehand for the commission of crimes of lust and violence. Success was the standard by which acts were judged; and the man who could help his friends, intimidate his enemies, and carve a way to fortune for himself by any means he chose was regarded as a hero."[2262] If we should follow the manners and morals of the age into detail we should find that they were all characterized by the same fiction and conventional affectation, and by the same unrestrainedness of passion. Caterina Sforza avenged the murder of her lover with such atrocities that she shocked the Borgia pope.[2263] The artists of the late Renaissance were absorbed in admiration of carnal beauty. There was vulgarity and coarseness on their finest work. Cellini's work is marked by "blank animalism."[2264] There was a great lack of all sentiment. "Parents and children made a virtue of repressing their emotions." "No period ever exhibited a more marked aversion from the emotional or the pathetic."[2265] There was no shame at perfidy or inconsistency, and very little notion of loyalty. It shocks modern taste that Isabella d'Este should have bought eagerly the art treasures of her dearest friend when they had been stolen and put on the market, and that after warm adherence to her brother-in-law, Ludovico il Moro, until he was ruined, she should have turned to court the victor.[2266] It is not strange that the age became marked by complete depravity of public and private morals, that the great men are enigmas as to character and purpose, and that they are demonic in action. The sack of Rome put an end to the epoch by a catastrophe which was great enough to strike any soul with horror, however hardened it might be.[2267] That event seems to show how the ways of the time would be when practiced by brutal soldiers.

+725. The sex relation and position of women.+ In such a period the sex relation is sure to be degraded and the position of woman is sure to be compromised. They can only be defined by the restraints which are observed or enforced. When all restraints are set aside sensuality is set free. Women were not suppressed. They took their place by the men and only demanded for themselves a liberty equal to that assumed by the men. The opinion has been expressed that Isabella d'Este "may be regarded as the most splendid realization of the Renaissance ideal of woman."[2268] Vittoria Colonna has been more generally accorded that position. She is doubly interesting for her Platonic relation to Michael Angelo, who was fifteen years her senior,[2269] and for her personal character. The title "bastard" was often worn with pride. In royal houses it happened often that the illegitimate branch took the throne on the failure of the other, so that the existence of the former was a recognized and useful fact, not a shameful one.[2270] Although it was true that woman "occupied a place by the side of man, contended with him for intellectual prizes, and took part in every spirited movement," although many of them became celebrated for humanistic attainments, and were intrusted with the government of states,[2271] yet it was not possible that they could maintain womanly honor and dignity side by side with the concubines and bastards of their husbands. The love of men for men was a current vice which was hardly concealed and which degraded the sex relation.[2272] The individualism of the period is interpreted as a motive for making love to the wife of another, that is, to another fully developed individual.[2273] Adultery also appealed to the love of intrigue and the appreciation of the imaginative element. Lewd stories and dramas were produced in great numbers in which the cunning and deception of adultery were developed in all imaginable combinations of circumstances. In real life a woman's relatives showed great ferocity in enforcing against her all the current conventions about her conduct. That was because she might bring disgrace and ridicule on them by marrying beneath her, or by a liaison which was known and avenged by her husband. The assassination of the husband in such cases was only a trifling necessity which might be called for.[2274] A physician having married a widowed duchess, born a princess of Aragon, her brothers murdered her and her children and caused the physician to be assassinated by hired bravos.[2275] In the comedies marriage was derided and marital honor treated with contempt. Downright obscenity was not rare. Some of the comedies would not now be tolerated anywhere before an audience of men only.[2276] It seems trifling that objection was made to the nakedness of some figures in Michael Angelo's "Last Judgment." "As society became more vicious, it grew nice."[2277]

+726. The cult of success.+ This deep depravation of all social interests by the elevation of success to a motive which justified itself has the character of an experiment. Amongst ourselves now, in politics, finance, and industry, we see the man-who-can-do-things elevated to a social hero whose success overrides all other considerations. Where that code is adopted it calls for arbitrary definitions, false conventions, and untruthful character.

+727. Literature.+ There were several books published in the Renaissance period which aimed to influence the mores. In the middle of the fifteenth century was written Pandolfini's _Governo della Famiglia_. An old man advises his two sons and three grandsons on the philosophy and policy of life. He urges thrift and advises to stay far removed from public life. It is, he says, a "life of insults, hatreds, misrepresentations, and suspicions." He advises not to come into the intimacy of great nobles and not to lend them money. He has a low opinion of all women and would not trust a wife with secrets. Della Casa, in the first half of the sixteenth century, wrote _Il Galateo_, a treatise on manners and etiquette. He lays great stress on cleanliness of person and house, and he forbids all impropriety, for which he has a very positive code. Castiglione's _Courtier_ inculcates what the age considered sound ideas on all social relations, rights, and duties. In the dialogue different views are put forward and discussed, from which it results that the views to be regarded as correct often lack point and definiteness. Symonds thinks that the type presented with approval differs little from the modern gentleman.[2278] Cornaro wrote at the age of eighty-three a book called _Discorsi della Vita sobria_, which is said to set forth especially the diet by which the writer overcame physical weakness and reached a hale old age. When ninety-five he wrote another book to boast of the success of the first. He died in 1565, over a hundred years old.[2279]

+728. Moral anarchy.+ The antagonism between a virtue policy and a success policy is a constant ethical problem. The Renaissance in Italy shows that although moral traditions may be narrow and mistaken, any morality is better than moral anarchy. Moral traditions are guides which no one can afford to neglect. They are in the mores and they are lost in every great revolution of the mores. Then the men are morally lost. Their notions, desires, purposes, and means become false, and even the notion of crime is arbitrary and untrue. If all try the policy of dishonesty, the result will be the firmest conviction that honesty is the best policy. The mores aim always to arrive at correct notions of virtue. In so far as they reach correct results the virtue policy proves to be the only success policy.

[2216] _Globus_, LXXXIII, 374.

[2217] Holtzmann, _Indische Sagen_, I, 170.

[2218] Holtzmann, _Indische Sagen_, I, 105.

[2219] _Ibid._, 23, 37, 119.

[2220] Monier-Williams, _Brahmanism and Hinduism_, 216.

[2221] Hartmann, _Ztsft. d. V. f. Volkskunde_, XI, 247.

[2222] _Od._, XIX, 394.

[2223] Lichtenberger, _Nibelungen_, 334, 354.

[2224] Uhland, _Dichtung und Sage_, 232.

[2225] Kugler, _Kreuzzüge_, 52.

[2226] Eicken, _Mittelalterl. Weltanschauung_, 656.

[2227] Symonds, _Renaissance_, III, 320.

[2228] _Ibid._, I, 390-405.

[2229] Burckhardt, _Renaissance_, 458.

[2230] Burckhardt, _Renaissance_, 465.

[2231] _Ibid._, 490.

[2232] Lea, _Sacerd. Celibacy_, 364.

[2233] Symonds, _Catholic Reaction_, II, 137.

[2234] Burckhardt, 184.

[2235] _Ibid._, 267.

[2236] Burckhardt, _Renaissance_, 268-271.

[2237] Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 423.

[2238] Gauthiez, _Lorenzaccio_, 71.

[2239] Creighton, _Hist. Essays and Reviews_, 336.

[2240] _La Renaissance_, 377.

[2241] _Hist. Essays and Reviews_, 138.

[2242] Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 52.

[2243] _Ibid._, 53.

[2244] Gauthiez, _Lorenzaccio_, 92.

[2245] Symonds, _Catholic Reaction_, II, 392.

[2246] Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 416.

[2247] Symonds, _Autobiog._, I, 74.

[2248] Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 416.

[2249] _Ibid._, 420.

[2250] _Ibid._, 420.

[2251] Gregorovius, _Lucretia Borgia_, 28.

[2252] Gauthiez, _Lorenzaccio_, 230.

[2253] Symonds, _Renaissance_, III, 467.

[2254] Symonds, _Autobiog. of Cellini_, I, XI, 196.

[2255] _Ibid._, XIV.

[2256] _Ibid._, 227.

[2257] Gauthiez, _Lorenzaccio_, 104.

[2258] _Ibid._, 79.

[2259] Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 413.

[2260] _Ibid._, 410.

[2261] Burckhardt, 175, 432, 445.

[2262] Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 101.

[2263] Creighton, _Essays_, 344.

[2264] Symonds, _Renaissance_, III, 453-455.

[2265] Müntz, _Leonardo da Vinci_, I, 12.

[2266] Cartwright, _Isabella d'Este_, I, 145.

[2267] Geiger, _Renaissance_, 318.

[2268] Opdyke, trans. of Castiglione, _Courtier_, 398.

[2269] Lannau-Rolland, _Michel Ange et Vittoria Colonna_, Chap. VI.

[2270] Heyck, _Die Mediceer_, 70; Symonds, _Renaissance_, I, 37.

[2271] Gregorovious, _Lucretia Borgia_, 27.

[2272] Gauthiez, _Lorenzaccio_, 65.

[2273] Burckhardt, _Renaissance_, 455.

[2274] _Ibid._, 441.

[2275] _Ibid._, 442.

[2276] Gregorovius, _Lucretia Borgia_, 96.

[2277] Symonds, _Renaissance_, III, 425.

[2278] _Renaissance_, I, 118.

[2279] Burckhardt, 335, 338.

LIST OF BOOKS CITED

Full titles of all books cited are given below in the alphabetical order of the authors' names or of the leading word of the title. Numbers after the title are the pages in the present volume on which the book is cited or used as an authority.

Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, 130

Abdallatif, Relation de l'Egypte (trad. de Sacy) (Paris, 1810), 336

Abel, C. W., Savage Life in New Guinea (London, 1902), 317

Abercromby, J., The Pre- and Proto-historic Finns, Eastern and Western, with Magic Songs of the West Finns (2 vols. London, 1898), 485

Achelis, H., Virgines Subintroductae (1 Cor. vii) (Leipzig, 1902), 295, 525, 526, 620

Achelis, T., Die Ekstase in ihrer kulturellen Bedeutung (Berlin, 1902), 210

Aelian, Variae Historiae, 318

Aeneas Silvius. See Piccolomini

Alanus ab Insulis, De Planctu Naturae (Migne, Patrol. Lat., V, 210), 369

Alberi, E., Relazione degli Ambasciatori Veneti al Senato (Firenze, 1840): Letter of D. Barbaro, sent to England for the Accession of Edward VI (Series I, Tome II, 230), 257

Alec-Tweedie, Mrs., Sunny Sicily (New York, no date), 458, 589

Am Urquell, 137

Ameer Ali, The Influence of Woman in Islam (Nineteenth Century, XLV, 755)

American Anthropologist, 17, 121, 142, 149, 305, 315, 326, 339, 460, 485, 533

American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature, 536

American Journal of Sociology, 112

Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum (libri 18, out of 31), 418, 586

Ammon, O., Die Gesellschaftsordnung und ihre natürlichen Grundlagen (Jena, 1896), 39, 475, 541

d'Ancona, A., Le Origini del Teatro in Italia (2 tomes. Firenze, 1877 e 1891), 227, 445, 580-582, 591-595

Andree, R., Die Anthropophagie (Leipzig, 1887), 329, 332

Andree, R., Ethnographische Parallele und Vergleiche (2 Folgen. Leipzig, 1889), 326

Angerstein, W., Volkstänze im Deutschen Mittelalter (2te Aufl. Berlin, 1874), 599

l'Année Sociologique, 482. See Durkheim

l'Anthropologie, 130, 146. See Bulletins

Apostolic Constitutions. Die Syrischen Didaskalia übersetzt und erklärt von A. Achelis und J. Fleming (Leipzig, 1904) contains the "Two Ways," 316

Appianus, Historia Romana, 281

Apuleius, Metamorphoses, 364, 571

Arabian Nights, 287, 434. See Lane

Archiv für Anthropologie, 329, 447, 536-537, 543, 548-549, 563, 577-578

Archiv für Kunde der OEsterreichischen Geschichtsquellen, 443

Archiv für Religionswissenschaft, 525

Ashton, J., Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne (London, 1883), 523

Athenæus, Deipnosophistorum libri, 15, 436, 529, 542

Athenagoras, Apologia (on the resurrection of the dead), 390

Augustine, Opera (Paris, 1635), 290, 348, 360-361, 390-391, 529, 542, 585

d'Aussy. See Legrand

Australian Association for the Advancement of Science: Fourth Meeting, at Hobart, Tasmania, January, 1892 (Sydney, 1892), 187, 204, 264, 314, 317, 330, 334, 382, 459, 461

d'Avenel, G., Histoire Economique de la Propriété, des Salaires, des Denrées, et de tous les Prix en général, depuis l'an 1200 jusqu'en l'an 1800 (2 tomes. Paris, 1894-1898), 165-166, 298

Babelon, E. C. F., Les Origines de la Monnaie (Paris, 1897), 154

Bancroft, H. H., The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America (New York, 1875-1876), 271, 324, 337, 422, 543, 548, 553, 586

Barthold, F. W., Die Geschichte der Hansa (Leipzig, 1862), 370, 524

Barthold, F. W., Jürgen Wüllenweber von Lübeck (Räumer, Histor. Taschenbuch, VI), 524

Barton, G. A., Semitic Origins (New York, 1902), 535, 557, 563

Bastian, A., Die Deutsche Expedition an der Loango-Küste (Jena, 1874), 459

Bebel, A., Die Frau (Zurich, 1883), 346

Becke, L., Pacific Tales (New York), 441, 460, 630

Becker, W. A., und Hermann, K. F., Charikles (3 Bände. Leipzig, 1854), 204, 390, 488

Beloch, J., Die Bevölkerung der Griechisch-Römischen Welt (Leipzig, 1886), 105, 279

Beloch, J., Griechische Geschichte (4 Bände. Strassburg, 1904), 106-107, 199, 279, 468, 565

Bender, H., Rom und Römisches Leben im Alterthum geschildert (Tübingen, 1880), 280

Bent, J. T., The Sacred City of the Ethiopians (London, 1893), 459

Bergel, J., Die Eheverhältnisse der alten Juden im Vergleiche mit den Griechischen und Römischen (Leipzig, 1881), 398, 409

Berlin Museum, 427, 432-433, 435, 438, 446, 459

Bernardin, N-M., La Comédie Italienne en France, 1570-1791 (Paris, 1902), 602

Bethe, E., Die Geschichte des Theaters im Alterthume (Leipzig, 1896), 447

de Bethencourt, J., Le Canarien livre de la Conquête et Conversion des Canaries (1402-1422) (ed. G. Gravier Rouen, 1874), 121, 339

Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indië, 187, 273, 298-300, 314, 335, 358, 383, 484

Binet, A., La Suggestibilité (Paris, 1900), 21

Biot, E. C., De l'Abolition de l'Esclavage ancien en Occident (Paris, 1840), 298-299

Bishop, Mrs. (Isabella Bird), Among the Thibetans (New York, 1894), 353, 441

Bishop, Mrs., Korea and her Neighbors (New York, 1898), 453

Blair, W., Slavery amongst the Romans (Edinburgh, 1833), 284, 319

Bock, C., Reis in Oost-en Zuid-Borneo (s'Gravenhage, 1887), 274

Bodin, J., De Republica libri sex (7a ed. Frankfort, 1641), 291, 301

Boggiani, G., I Caduvei (Roma, 1895), 272

Boissier, G., La Religion Romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins (2 tomes. Paris, 1874), 101, 199, 566

Bourquelot, Foires de Champagne (Acad. de Belles Lettres et d'Inscriptions, 1865), 298

Bousset, D. W., Die Religion des Judenthums im neutestamentlichen Zeitalter (Berlin, 1903), 295, 340, 515

Bridges, T., Manners and Customs of the Firelanders (A Voice for South America, XIII, 201-214), 272

Brinton, G., Nagualism (Philadelphia, 1894), 271, 338

Brunache, P., Le Centre de l'Afrique (Paris, 1894), 268, 334, 339, 433, 437-438

Bücher, K. W., Die Aufstände der Unfreien Arbeiter (Frankfurt, 1874), 280-281, 283

Buchholz, E. A. W., Homerische Realien (3 Bände. Leipzig, 1871-1885), 278

Budge, E. A. W., The Gods of the Egyptians (Chicago, 1904), 433

Buhl, F. P. W., Die Socialen Verhältnisse der Israeliten (Berlin, 1899), 154, 277

Bühler, G., The Laws of Manu (trans.) (Oxford, 1886), 356, 384, 388, 544

B[ulletins] et M[émoires] de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris (Paris, 1901): Art. by Guyot on Les Indigènes de l'Afrique du Sud, based on the Report of the South African Committee (Pres. J. Macdonell) on the Natives of South Africa (Series V, Tome II, 362), 112, 368

Burchard, J., Diarium sive verum urbanarum commentarii, 1483-1506 (ed. Thusane) (3 tomes. Paris, 1885), 256

Burckhardt, J., Griechische Kulturgeschichte (3 Bände. 2te Aufl. Stuttgart, 1898), 105-107, 109-110, 468, 487

Burckhardt, J., Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien (Basel, 1860), 22, 249, 592, 598, 601, 627, 643-645, 650, 652-653

Burckhardt, J. L., Arabic Proverbs (London, 1830), 448, 455, 544

Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, Annual Reports, 14, 17, 25, 125, 127, 129-130, 139, 152, 186, 270-271, 317, 325, 337, 383, 442, 453, 485, 497, 501, 512, 515, 518, 533

Burnaby, A., Travels through the Middle Settlements of North America in 1759 and 1760 (London, 1775), 528

Burrows, G., The Land of the Pigmies (London, 1898), 453

Büttner, C. G., Das Hinterland von Walfischbai und Angra Pequena (Heidelberg, 1884), 188

Cambridge History of Modern Europe, (ed. by A. W. Ward and G. W. Prothero) (New York, 1902, etc.), 531

Cameron, V. L., Across Africa (2 vols. London, 1877), 145

Campbell, H., Differences in the Nervous Organization of Man and Woman (London, 1891), 343-344

Cantacuzene, J., Romana Historia (Bonn, 1832), 264

Carey, B. S., and Tuck, H. N., The Chin Hills (Rangoon, 1896), 186, 273

Carmichael, M., In Tuscany (3rd ed. New York, 1902), 216, 623-624

Cartwright, J., Isabella d'Este, Marchioness of Mantua, 1474-1539 (2 vols. New York, 1903), 598, 650-651

Castiglione, B., The Book of the Courtier [1528] (trans. by L. E. Opdyke) (New York, 1903), 651, 653

Cato Major, De Agri Cultura, 280-281, 289

Cator, Dorothy, Everyday Life among the Head-hunters (New York, 1905), 305

Cayley-Webster, H., Through New Guinea and the Cannibal Countries (London, 1898), 150

Cellini. See Symonds

Celestina. See Mabbe

Century Magazine, 193, 441, 462

Ch. Br. R. A. S. = China Branch, Royal Asiatic Society

Chandler, F. W., Romance of Roguery: I. The Picaresque Novel in Spain (New York, 1899), 320, 597

Charles, R. H., The Book of Enoch (trans.) (Oxford, 1893), 431

Charles, R. H., The Book of Jubilees or the Little Genesis (trans.) (London, 1902), 431

Christian, F. W., The Caroline Islands (London, 1899), 139, 151, 423

Chrysostom, Opera (Migne, Patrol. Graeca, XLVII-LXIV. Homily on Matthew in LVIII, 591), 294

Churchman, The, 456

Cibrario, G. A. L., Della Politica Economia del Medio Evo (2a ed. 3 tomes) (Torino, 1841-1842), 300

Cicero, Orations, 405; Tusculan Disputations, 570

Clement, K. J., Das Recht der Salischen Franken (Berlin, 1876), 495

Clement, P., Jacques Coeur et Charles VII, France au XV siècle (Paris, 1853), 443

Cockayne, O., Hali Maidenhad (Early English Text Society, London, 1866), 621

Codrington, R. H., The Melanesians (Oxford, 1891), 149, 272, 314, 317, 325, 334, 339, 438, 533

Cook, K. R., The Fathers of Jesus: a Study of the Lineage of the Christian Doctrines and Traditions (2 vols. London, 1886), 294-295, 379, 615-616

Corpus Juris Canonici (Colon. Munat., 1717), 348, 404, 406, 410

Corpus Juris Civilis (Lipsiae, 1858), 403

Corpus Poeticum Boreale, the Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue (Oxford, 1883), 296-297

Coryate, T., Crudities (New York, 1905), 444

Cranz, D., Historie von Grönland bis 1779 (Leipzig, 1780), 323

Crawford, J., History of the Indian Archipelago (2 vols. London, 1820), 149

Crawley, A. E., Sexual Taboo (JAI, XXIV, 116, 219), 116, 219, 430, 452, 459

Creighton, M., Historical Essays and Reviews (New York, 1902), 647, 650

Cunningham, A., Ladak (London, 1854), 352

Cunow, II., Verwandtschaftsorganization der Australneger (Stuttgart, 1894), 497

Curr, E. M., The Australian Race (Melbourne, 1886), 316, 421, 436

Curtius Rufus, Quintus, De Rebus Gestis Alexandri, 236

Cyprian, Epistolae, 525

Daniel, H. A., Codex Liturgicus Ecclesiae Universae in Epitomen Redactus (Lipsiae, 1851), 226

Darmsteter, J., Translation of the Zend Avesta (Oxford, 1880), 418, 486, 512-513, 558

Darinsky (Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, XIV), 368, 454

Darwin, Charles, Descent of Man (New York, 1886), 138, 357-358

Dasent, Sir G. W., The Story of Burnt Njal (New York, 1900), 642

Dawson, J., Australian Aborigines in the Western District of Victoria (Melbourne, 1881), 316, 325, 332

Degroot, J. J. M., The Religious System of China (Leyden, 1892), 318

Denecke, A., Entwickelungsgeschichte des gesellschaftlichen Anstandsgefühls in Deutschland (Dresden, 1891), 460, 462, 469

Deutsch, S. M., Peter Abälard (Leipzig, 1883), 228

Dezobry, C. L., Rome au Siècle d'Auguste (4me ed. 4 tomes.) (Paris, 1875), 283

Dialogue of the Exchequer. See Henderson

Dill, S., Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius (London, 1904), 55, 284-289, 379, 571

Dill, S., Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire (2nd ed. London, 1899), 290

Dio Cassius Coccejanus, Historia Romana, 208

Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 199, 287, 290

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, 281, 286-289, 336, 390

Dionysus Halicarnessensis, Antiquitatum Romanorum quae supersunt, 281

Dozy, R., Musulmans d'Espagne, 711-1110 (4 tomes. Leyde, 1861), 301-302, 335

Drumann, W. K. A., Die Arbeiter und Communisten in Griechenland und Rom (Königsberg, 1860), 280

Dubois, J. A., Moeurs Institutions et Ceremonies des Peuples de l'Inde (2 tomes. Paris, 1825), 457, 545, 548, 558, 586

Du Camp, M., Paris dans la Seconde Moitié du dixneuvième Siècle (Paris, 1873-1875), 190

Du Cange, C. du Fresne, Glossarium mediae et infimae Latinitatis (Paris, 1840-1850), 590

Dulaure, J. A., Paris et ses Monuments (Paris, 1865), 370, 444

Durkheim, E., La Prohibition de l'Inceste et ses Origines (l'Année Sociologique, Tome I. Paris, 1898), 482

Duveyrier, H., Les Touaregs du Nord (Paris, 1864), 339, 423, 427, 456

van Duyl, C. F., Beschavingsgeschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Volk (Groningen, 1895), 97

l'Ecole d'Anthropologie de Paris, Revue de, 368

Economics of Aristotle (?), 359

Economicus of Xenophon, 360

Edda, the, 175, 488

Ehrenreich, P., Völkerkunde Brasiliens (Veröffentlichungen des Berliner Museums, Band II), 122, 139

von Eicken, H., Geschichte und System der mittelalterlichen Weltanschauung (Stuttgart, 1887), 370, 642

Ellis, A. B., The Ewe-speaking Peoples (London, 1890), 268, 501, 512, 534

Ellis, A. B., The Tshi-speaking Peoples (London, 1887), 268-269, 317, 512

von Elsberg, R. A., Elizabeth Bathory (die Blutgräfin) (Breslau, 1904), 235

Endemann, W., Studien in der Romanischkanonischen Wirthschafts--und Rechtslehre (2 Bände. Berlin, 1883), 288, 404

Erasmus, D., Colloquia (Rotterdam, 1664), 578

Erasmus, D., Colloquy of the Beggars [Franciscans] (Opera, I, 739), 190

Erasmus, D., Libellus Aureus de Civilitate Morum Puerilium (Aboae, 1670), 200, 430-431, 458

Erman, A., Aegypten und Aegyptisches Leben im Alterthume (Tübingen, 1885), 447

Estrup, H. F. J., Samlede Skrifter (Kjøbenhavn, 1842), 296

Ethnography of India. See Risley

Ethnological Society of London, Journal of the (New Series), 484

Euripides, 613

Evans, J., British Coins (London, 1864), 143

Evarnitzky, D. I., The Zaporoge Kossacks (in Russian) (2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1888), 335

Eyre, E. J., Expeditions into Central Australia in 1840-1841 (2 vols. London, 1845), 316, 325

Farnell, L. R. (Archiv für Religionsgeschichte, VII), 541

Farnell, L. R., The Cults of the Greek States (2 vols. Oxford, 1896), 358, 542

Farr, W., Vital Statistics (London, 1885), 534

Fauriel, C. C., The Last Days of the Consulate (London, 1885), 304

Fawcett, F., On Basivis (JASB, II, 322), 534

Felkin. See Wilson

Finsch, O., Ethnologische Erfahrungen (Wien, 1893), 339, 436, 441

Finsch, O., Samoafahrten (Leipzig, 1888), 188, 272

Fioretti di San Francisco (Torino, 1882), 216

von Fircks A., Bevölkerungslehre und Bevölkerungspolitik (Leipzig, 1898)

First Three English Books about America, The (Arber. Birmingham, 1885), 315

Flade, P., Das Römische Inquisitionsverfahren in Deutschland bis zu den Hexenprocessen (Leipzig, 1902), 241, 250-251

Forbes, H. O., The Kubus of Sumatra (JAI, XIV, 121), 329, 435

Foureau, F., D'Alger au Congo par le Tchad (Paris, 1902), 147

Freeman, E. A., Western Europe in the Eighth Century (New York, 1904), 298

Freeman, E. A., Western Europe in the Fifth Century (New York, 1904), 103, 290

Freie Wort, Das, 204

Freisen, J., Geschichte des kanonischen Eherechts (Tübingen, 1888), 399, 400, 402, 406, 409

Friedberg, E., Das Recht der Eheschliessung (Leipzig, 1865), 82, 405, 407-413

Friedberg, E., Verlobung und Trauung (Leipzig, 1876), 412

Friedländer, L., Sittengeschichte (3 Bände. Leipzig, 1862-1871), 365, 390, 408-409, 411-413

Friedmann, M., Ueber Wahnideen im Völkerleben (Wiesbaden, 1901), 21, 211, 219, 633

Fries, T. M., Grönland dess Natur och Innevånare (Upsala, 1872), 14

Fritsch, G., Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas (Breslau, 1872), 29, 260, 269, 315, 326, 339, 422, 434, 437, 512, 526

Funck-Brentano, T., La Science Sociale; subtitle, le Suicide (Paris, 1897), 21

Furnival, F. J., Child-marriages, Divorces, etc., 1561-1566 (Early English Text Society, No. 108) (London, 1897), 386

Gaii, Institutiones (Berlin, 1884), 488

Galton, F., Hereditary Genius (New York, 1870), 39, 42-43, 486, 611

Gallon, F., Human Faculty (New York, 1883), 60, 111, 191, 262

Garnier, R. M., The English Landed Interest (London, 1892-1893), 304

Gauthiez, P., Lorenzaccio, 1514-1548 (Paris, 1904), 93, 647-649, 652

Gehring, H., Süd-Indien (Gütersloh, 1899), 384, 512

Geiger, W., Ostiranische Kultur (Erlangen, 1882), 486, 513

Geijer, E. G., Svenska Folkets Historia (Stokholm, 1851), 154, 297, 499, 502

Geiseler, Oster-Inseln (Berlin, 1883), 325

Gibbon, E., Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 219, 237, 358, 572

Gjessing, Traeldom i Norge (Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, 1862, p. 85), 297

Globus, der, 5, 12, 23, 81, 110, 129, 131, 135, 146-147, 154, 267-268, 271, 273, 303, 315, 317, 325-326, 329, 331-333, 335-337, 345, 351, 367-368, 432, 437-439, 442, 453-454, 460-462, 512, 516-518, 526-527, 538, 543, 549, 554-555, 558, 639

de Gobineau, J. A., La Renaissance (Paris, 1877), 646

Goetz, W., Ideale des Heiligen Francis (Histor. Vierteljahrschrift, VI), 216

von Goetzen, G. A., Durch Afrika von Ost nach West (Berlin, 1895), 148, 262-264

Gomme, G. L., Ethnology in Folklore (New York, 1892), 326, 335, 526

Goodrich-Frear, A., Inner Jerusalem (New York, 1904), 425, 456

Gower, J., Vox Clamantis (London, 1850), 369

Gozzi, Memoirs of (trans. by J. A. Symonds) (2 vols. London, 1890), 602-603

Graetz, H., Geschichte der Juden (Leipzig, 1888-1897), 616

Graphic, the London, 358

Gregorovius, F., Lucrezia Borgia (trans. by J. L. Garner) (New York, 1903), 199, 586, 648, 651-652

Grimm, J. L. C., Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer (Cited D. R. A.) (2te Ausg. Göttingen, 1854), 297-298, 322, 385, 406, 413

Grimm, J. L. C., Teutonic Mythology (trans. by Stallybrass) (4 vols. London, 1883), 11, 586

Grinnell, G. B., Cheyenne Woman Customs (American Anthropologist, IV), 315

Grinnell, G. B., Pawnee Hero Stories and Folktales (New York, 1899), 115-116, 121, 132, 134, 141

Grupp, G., Kulturgeschichte der Römischen Kaiserzeit (Münden, 1903), 282, 285, 379, 445, 584

Gubernatis, A., Usi Nuziali in Italia e presso gli altri Popoli Indo-Europei (2a ed. Milano, 1878), 489

Guhl und Koner, Das Leben der Griechen und Römer (5te Aufl. Berlin, 1882), 514

Gumplowicz, L., Grundriss der Sociologie (Wien, 1885), 51, 262-263

Gumplowicz, L., Sociologie und Politik (Leipzig, 1892), 134

Gunkel, H., Zum religionsgeschichtlichen Verständniss des Neuen Testaments (Göttingen, 1903), 104

Haeckel, E., Aus Insulinde (Bonn, 1901), 358, 425

Hagelstange, A., Bauernleben im Mittelalter (Erfurt, 1897), 413

Hagen, B., Unter den Papuas (Wiesbaden, 1899), 127, 187, 437, 500, 641

Haimensfeld, M. G., editor of the Collectio Constitutionum Imperialium (Frankfurt, 1615)

Hale, H., The Iroquois Book of Rites (Philadelphia, 1883), 235

Hall, H., Society in the Elizabethan Age (London, 1887), 228

Hamilton, The Panis, Canadian Indian slavery in the eighteenth century (Toronto, 1897), 271

Hanoteau, A., et Letourneux, A., La Kabylie (2e ed. 3 tomes. Paris, 1893), 318, 456, 489, 507, 517

Hansen, J., Zauberwahn Inquisition und Hexenprocess im Mittelalter (Leipzig, 1900), 218, 237, 241, 247, 257

Hardy, T., Tess, 166

Harnack, A., Die Pseudoclementinischen Briefe de Virginitate und die Entstehung des Mönchthums (Sitzungsberichte der k. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften, XXI, 1891), 525, 617-618

Harnack, A., Dogmengeschichte (3te Ausg. 3 Bände. Leipzig, 1894), 222, 255, 585, 619

Harper, R. F., The Code of Hammurabi (Chicago, 1904), 539

von Hartmann, K. R. E., Phänomenologie des sittlichen Bewusstseins (Berlin, 1879), 60

Hartmann (Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde, XI, 247), 641

Hastings, J., Dictionary of the Bible (New York, 1898), 515, 554, 565, 615

Hatch, E., Griechenthum und Christenthum (trans.) (Freiburg, 1892), 617-619

Hauréau, B., Bernard Délicieux et l'Inquisition Albegeoise, 1300-1320 (Paris, 1877), 217

Hauri, J., Der Islam in seinem Einfluss auf das Leben seiner Bekenner (Leyden, 1881), 301, 303, 353, 363-364, 386

Hausrath, A., Peter Abälard (Leipzig, 1893), 228

von Haxthausen, A., Transkaukasia (2 Bände. Leipzig, 1856), 323, 485, 502

Hearn, L., Japan (New York, 1904), 73, 91, 94, 123, 276, 394, 440, 446, 502, 609

Hefele, C. J., Conciliengeschichte (Freiburg, 1858), 443, 589

Heimskringla. See Laing

Heisterberg, B., Die Entstehung des Colonats (Leipzig, 1876), 292-293

Henderson, E. F., Translation of Select Documents of the Middle Ages (London, 1892), contains the Dialogue of the Exchequer, 392

Herodianus, 292

Herodotus, 26, 105, 109-110, 326, 331-333, 355, 372, 430, 445, 468, 486, 535, 538, 551, 557

Heusler, A., Deutsches Privatrecht (2 Bände. Leipzig, 1885), 380

Heyck, E., Die Mediceer (Leipzig, 1897), 651

Heyd, W., Levanthandel im Mittelalter (2 Bände. Stuttgart, 1879), 299

Heydemann, Phlyakendarstellungen (Jahrbuch des k. Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, 1886), 260

Heyer, F., Priesterschaft und Inquisition (Berlin, 1877), 237, 257

Hiekisch, C., Die Tungusen (St. Petersburg, 1879), 14, 84, 461

Hildebrands Zeitschrift. See Jahrbücher

Hildreth, R., History of the United States (New York, 1849), 49, 304

Hoensbroech, Graf von, Das Papstthum (Band I. Leipzig, 1901)

Holm, G., Angmagslikerne (Kjøbenhavn, 1887), 383, 422, 433, 441

Holub, E., Sieben Jahre in Süd-Afrika, 1872-1879 (2 Bände. Wien, 1881), 139, 269, 325, 438

Holub, E., Von der Capstadt ins Land der Maschukalumbe, 1883-1887 (2 Bände. Wien, 1890), 264, 269

Holzmann, A., Indische Sagen (2 Bände. Stuttgart, 1854), 204, 365, 388, 457, 640-641

Hontan. See Lahontan

Hopkins, E. W., The Religions of India (Boston, 1895), 224, 318, 393, 484, 486, 546, 553

Horn, F. W., Mennesket i den forhistoriske Tid (Kjøbenhavn, 1874), 130

Hostmann, F. W., De Beschaving van Negers in Amerika (Amsterdam, 1850), 270

Howitt, A. W., Native Tribes of South Eastern Australia (London, 1904), 131

Hubbard, G. G., The Japanese Nation (Smithsonian Report, 1895), 110, 667

Humbert, A., Japan and the Japanese (New York, 1874), 90, 318, 440

Hutchinson, H. N., The Living Races of Mankind (New York, 1902), 432

Ibn Batuta. See Batuta

Ibrahim Ibn Jakub, Sklavenlände (Geschichtschreiber der Deutschen Vorzeit, XXXIII)

von Ihering, R., The Evolution of the Aryan (trans.) (London, 1897), 326

Inderwyck, F. A., The King's Peace (London, 1895), 257

International Archiv für Ethnologie, 335

International Congress of Anthropologists (Chicago, 1893), 126

Iphigenia among the Taurians, 467

Iphigenia in Aulis, 14

Isidore of Seville, Sententiae (in Part IV of Institutiones Theologicae Antiquorum Patrum of Cardinal Tomasius), 291

Jackson, A. V. W., Zoroaster (London, 1899), 620

Jaeger, C., Ulms Leben im Mittelalter (Stuttgart, 1831), 530

Jahrbücher des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, 432, 447

Jahrbücher fur Nationalökonomie und Statistik, gegründet von B. Hildebrand, 293

JAI = Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain, 4, 122, 125-127, 130, 138-151, 157, 182, 187, 264-268, 272-275, 314-317, 322-335, 339, 351, 353, 377, 382, 387, 390, 422-423, 433-442, 452-461, 484, 497, 501, 526, 546, 586

Janssen, J., Geschichte des Deutschen Volkes (8 Bände. Freiburg, 1892-1894), 241, 254-255, 370-371, 444, 531

JASB = Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay, 27, 153, 188, 318, 332, 353, 389, 516-517, 546

Jastrow, M., Religion of the Assyrians and Babylonians (in the supplementary volume of Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible)

Jastrow, I., and Winter, G., Zeitalter der Hohenstaufen, 1125-1273 (2 Bände. Stuttgart, 1897-1901), 222, 249

Jenks, E., Law and Politics of the Middle Ages (New York, 1898), 407

Jewish Encyclopedia (New York, 1905), 234, 487, 517, 614, 616

Johnston, Sir H., The Uganda Protectorate (2 vols. New York, 1902), 436-439

Jolly, J., Les Seconds Mariages (Paris, 1896), 392-393

Jolly, J., Recht und Sitte der Indo-Aryer (Strassburg, 1896), 153, 384-385, 389, 393

Jolly, J., Ueber die Rechtliche Stellung der Frauen bei den alten Indern (Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, 1876), 384, 388

Josephus, F., Opera (Berlin, 1885-1895), 4, 615

Journal of the Ethnological Society, 339

Journal of Philology, 488

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 545

Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation, 384

Julius Capitolinus, Life of Marcus Aurelius (in Scriptores Aug. Historiae) (Lipsiae, 1865), 292

Julleville, L. Petit de, La Comédie et les Moeurs en France au Moyen Age (Paris, 1886), 471-472, 593, 598, 600

Junker, W., Reisen in Afrika, 1875-1886 (3 Bände. Wien, 1875-1886), 147-148, 265, 266, 269, 453, 459, 461, 484, 516

Justi, F., Geschichte des alten Persiens (Berlin, 1879), 486

Juvenal, Satires, 208, 286, 318, 378, 379

Juynboll, T. W., Mohammedaansche Wet volgens de leer der Sjafi-itische School (Leiden, 1903), 301

Keane, A. H., Ethnology (Cambridge, 1896), 139

Keller, A. G., Homeric Society (New York, 1902), 390, 452, 465, 487, 517

Kingsley, M. H., Travels in West Africa (New York, 1897), 147, 269, 326, 337

Kingsley, M. H., West African Studies (New York, 1899), 145, 147, 269, 339, 345, 630

Klein, J. L., Geschichte des Dramas (Leipzig, 1866), 582, 588, 591

Klose, H., Togo (Berlin, 1899), 267

Klugmann, N., Die Frau im Talmud (Wien, 1898), 399

Knight, Mrs. S. K., Journey from Boston to New York in 1704 (New York, 1825), 304

Kohler, J., Zur Urgeschichte der Ehe (Stuttgart, 1897), 393

Kohler und Peiser, Aus dem Babylonischen Rechtsleben, 277, 388

Kolb [or Kolben], P., Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope (Mayor's Voyages, IV), 327

Kostomaroff, H., Domestic Life and Mores of the Great Russians in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (in Russian) (3rd ed. St. Petersburg, 1887), 489

Krasinski, Cossacks of the Ukrain (London, 1848), 527

Krauss, Volksglaube und Religiöser Brauch der Süd-Slaven (Münster, 1890), 518

von Kremer, A., Kulturgeschichte des Orients unter den Chalifen (2 Bände. Wien, 1875-1877), 14, 302, 430, 455, 517

Krieger, M., Neu-Guinea (Berlin, 1899), 13, 314, 317, 358, 432, 500

Kubary, J., Die Socialen Einrichtungen der Pelauer (Berlin, 1885), 151, 358, 422, 454

Kubary, J., Nukuoro (Hamburg, 1900), 314, 317

Kubary, J. S., Der Karolinen Archipel (Leiden, 1895), 123, 151, 317, 340, 516, 533

Kugler, B., Die Kreuzzüge (Berlin, 1880), 642

Lacroix, P., Manners, Customs, and Dress during the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance Period (London, 1876), 250, 599

Lacroix, P., et Seré, F., Le Moyen Age et la Renaissance (5 tomes. Paris, 1848-1851), 522

Lafitau, J. F., De Zeden der Wilden van Amerika, from the French (Amsteldam, 1751), 129

de Lahontan, Baron L. A., Nouveaux Voyages dans l'Amérique Septentrionale (2 tomes. A la Haye, 1703; new edition by R. G. Thwaites, from the English edition of 1703, Chicago, 1905), 526

Laing, S., The Heimskringla or Sagas of the Norse Kings, from the Icelandic of Snorre Sturlason (4 vols. London, 1889), 488

Lane, E. W., Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (2 vols. London, 1842), 353, 387, 434, 458, 505, 518, 587

Lane, E. W., The Thousand and One Nights (London, 1841), 517

von Langsdorff, G. H., Voyages and Travels in Various Parts of the World, 1803-1807 (Carlisle, 1817), 485

Lazarus (in Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, I), 4, 60

Lea, H. C., A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages (3 vols. New York, 1888), 213-218, 237-238, 240-241, 243-244, 245-248, 250-259, 470, 489, 524, 526, 611, 622

Lea, H. C., Sacerdotal Celibacy (Philadelphia, 1867), 225-229, 375, 391-392, 526, 617, 620, 623-624, 644

Lecky, W. E. H., History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne (3rd ed. New York, 1877), 47, 208, 218-219, 225, 235, 238-239, 291, 318-319, 361-362, 377, 390, 402, 415, 443, 498, 569, 583, 613-614

Lecky, W. E. H., History of Rationalism in Europe (New York), 523

Lefèvre, Les Phénomènes de Suggestion et d'Autosuggestion (Paris, 1903), 21

Lefèvre, A., Race and Language (New York, 1894), 137-138

Legrand d'Aussy, P. J., Fabliaux ou Contes Fables et Romans du XIIme et du XIIIme Siècle (Paris, 1829), 441

Lehmann, K., Verlobung und Hochzeit (München, 1882), 408

Leland, C. G., and Prince, J. D. Kuloskap the Master (New York, 1902), 11

Lenient, C., La Satire en France au Moyen Age (Paris, 1883), 233, 255, 460, 590, 592, 594-595

Lewin, T. H., Wild Races of Southeastern India (London, 1870), 272-273, 322, 435, 461, 484

Libri-Carrucci, G. B., Sciences Mathematiques en Italie depuis la Renaissance (Paris, 1835), 300

Lichtenberger, H., Le Poème et la Légende des Nibelungen (Paris, 1891), 370, 488, 641

Lichtenstein, H., Reisen im Südlichen Afrika, 1803-1806 (2 Bände. Berlin, 1811-1812), 25

Ling Roth. See Roth

Lintilhac, E., Théâtre Sérieux du Moyen Age (Paris, no date), 581, 592, 596

Lippert, J., Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit (2 Bände. Stuttgart, 1887), 131, 186, 309, 318, 322-323, 324, 329, 336, 401, 499

Little, W. J. K., St. Francis of Assisi (New York, 1897), 624

Livingstone, D., Travels in South Africa (2 vols. New York, 1858), 112, 188, 264, 439

Livy, 280-282

Lloyd, A. B., In Dwarf Land and Cannibal Country (New York, 1899), 330

Lope de Vega, 596

Lorris, G. de, and Meung, J. de, The Romant de la Rose (trans. by F. S. Ellis) (London, 1900), 623

Lubbock, J., Prehistoric Times (London, 1872), 126-127

Lucian, De Dea Syria, 537, 542, 556, 614

Lucian, Demonax, 580

Lucianus Samosatensis (Rostok, 1860) [I, Part II, 68, "End of the Wanderer"]

Lucius, P. E., Der Essenismus (Strassburg, 1881), 445, 615-616

Lumholtz on the Tarahumari (Scribner's Magazine, October, 1894), 120

Lund, T., Norges Historie (Kjobenhavn, 1885), 442

Mabbe, J., Celestina, or the Tragicke-Comedy of Calisto and Melibe, englished from the Spanish of Fernando de Rojas (London, 1894), 596

Machiavelli, Mandragore, 646. See Rousseau

Macrobius, Saturnalia, 290

Madras Government Museum, 352-353, 367, 385, 440

Magnin, C., Histoire des Marionettes (Paris, 1862), 589, 593, 597

Magnin, C., Les Origines du Théâtre Moderne (Paris, 1838), 564, 568-569, 575-581, 584, 591

Magnin, C., Théâtre de Hrotsvitha (Paris, 1845), 591

Mahaffy, J. P., Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty (London, 1899)

Mahaffy, J. P., Social Life in Greece (London, 1874), 236, 326

Mahaffy, J. P., The Greek World under Roman Sway (New York, 1890), 475, 614

Maine, Sir H. S., Ancient Law (New York, 1871), 261

Maine, Sir H. S., Early Law and Custom (New York, 1883), 323

Mantegazza, P., Gli Amori degli Uomini (Milano, 1886), 440, 484

Manu, 55, 85. See Bühler

March, O. S. von der, Völkerideale (Leipzig, 1901), 466

Marco Polo. See Yule

Margry, P., Les Navigations Françaises (Paris, 1867), 299

Marquardt, J., und Mommsen, T., Römische Alterthümer (Band I, Die Magistratur) (Leipzig, 1876), 292

Marsden, W., Sumatra (London, 1811), 273, 419

von Martius, C. F. P., Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas zumal Brasiliens (3 Bände. Band I, Ethnographie Brasiliens) (Leipzig, 1867), 13-14, 138-139, 152, 272, 315, 323, 325, 332, 334, 336, 439, 460, 483, 501

Martins, J. P. Oliveira, As Raças humanas e a Civilisação Primitiva (Lisboa, 1881), 334, 544

Martins, J. P. Oliveira, Civilisação Iberica (Lisboa, 1885), 258

Masi, E., Storia del Teatro Italiano nel Secolo XVIII (Firenze, 1891), 601, 603

Mason, O. T. (Amer. Anthropologist, IX), 299

Mason, O. T., The Origin of Invention (New York, 1895), 120-121, 126, 129

Maspero, G., Peuples de l'Orient Classique (3 tomes. Paris, 1899), 10, 234, 236, 378, 397, 465, 485, 536, 541, 553-555, 562

Masson, C., Balochistan (London, 1844), 526

de Maulde la Clavière, A. K., Les Femmes de la Renaissance (Paris, 1898), 199, 200, 460

Maurer, F., Völkerkunde Bibel und Christenthum (Leipzig, 1905), 502, 514, 539

Mauthner, F., Kritik der Sprache (3 Bände. Stuttgart, 1901-1902), 134-135, 138

Mayer, F. M., Geschichte Oesterreichs (2 Bände. Leipzig, 1901), 93, 223

McCabe, J., St. Augustine and his Age (London, 1903), 585

Medhurst, Laws of Marriage Affinity and Inheritance in China (China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, IV), 275

Meltzer, C., Geschichte der Karthager (2 Bände. Berlin, 1896), 148

Meyer, E., Geschichte des alten Aegyptens (Berlin, 1887), 438

Michael, E., Geschichte des Deutschen Volkes (2 Bände. Freiburg, 1899), 205, 213, 216, 246, 624

Middendorff, A. F., Reisen in Siberien in 1843-1844 (4 Bände. St. Petersburg, 1847-1875), 441

Migne, J. P., Patrologia Latina, 361, 369, 529, 572; Patrol. Graeca, 294

Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 329

Molmenti, P. G., La Storia di Venezia nella Vita Privata (Torino, 1885), 300, 350, 352, 599

Monier-Williams, Sir M., Brahmanism and Hinduism (New York, 1891), 27, 92, 224, 385, 389, 457, 459, 517, 544-547, 637, 641

More, Sir T., Utopia (trans.) (London, 1899), 303-304

Moreau-Christophe, L. M., Du Droit à l'Oisiveté (Paris, 1849), 283, 293

Morgan, L. H., Ancient Society (New York, 1877), 481

Müller, D. H., Die Gesetze des Hammurabi (Wien, 1903), 234, 486

Müntz, E., Leonardo da Vinci (from the French) (New York, 1898), 650

Muratori, L. A., Dissertazioni sopra le Antichità Italiane (Vol. I, 267, Dissertazione XV, Delle Manumissioni de' servi) (Firenze, 1833), 290

Muratori, L. A., Rerum Italicarum Scriptores Mediolani, 1723-1738 (see Vol. IX, 134, on the cruelties of Ezzelino da Romano), 524

Nachtigal, G., Sahara und Sudan (2 Bände. Berlin, 1879-1881), 264, 268, 437, 516

Nadaillac, Marquis de, Prehistoric America (trans.) (New York, 1884), 271

Nansen, F., Eskimo Life (trans.) (London, 1893), 325

Nassau, R. H., Fetichism in West Africa (New York, 1904), 305, 322, 331

National Museum of the United States, Reports of the, 122, 129, 153, 270, 323

Nekrassow, N. A., Poems (2 vols. 6 ed. St. Petersburg, 1895) (in Russ.). (In the second volume the poem "Who Lives Happily in Russia?"; German version in the Universal Bibliothek, 2447)

Nelson on the Eskimo (Bureau of Ethnology, XVIII, Part I), 383

Neumann, K., Geschichte Roms während des Verfalls der Republik (2 Bände. Breslau, 1881-1884), 281

Nieuwenhuis, A. W., In Centraal Borneo (2 tomes. Leiden, 1900), 428, 446

Nilsson, S., Les Habitants Primitifs de la Scandinavie (Paris, 1868), 122

Nineteenth Century, 388

Nivedita (Margaret E. Noble), Web of Indian Life (New York, 1904), 22, 73, 91, 275, 366, 457, 546-547

Novara Reise. See Wüllestorff

Oliphant, L., The Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan (London, 1859), 549

Opdyke. See Castiglione

Otto, W., Priester und Tempel im Hellenischen Aegypten (Leipzig, 1905), 541

Pallas, P. S., Voyages en Russie (5 tomes. Paris, 1793), 485

Pandolfini, A., Trattato del Governo della Famiglia (Milano, 1902), 653

Parkinson, R., Die Ethnographie der nordwestlichen Salomo Inseln (Museum zu Dresden), 150, 479

Pater, W. H., Marius the Epicurean (London, 1885), 610

Patrick, Psychology of Language (Expletives) (Psychological Review, VIII, 113), 196

Patursson, S. O., Sibirien i vore Dage (Kjøbenhavn, 1901), 445

Paulitschke, P., Ethnographie Nordost Afrikas (2 Bände. Berlin, 1896), 145, 268, 315, 326, 339, 439, 459, 502, 516

Peel, C. V. A., Somaliland (London, 1900), 147

Pellison, M., Roman Life in Pliny's Time (trans.) (Meadville, Pennsylvania, 1897), 352

Pereiro, A. C., La Isla de Ponape (Manila, 1895), 442

Perelaer, M. T. H., Ethnographische Beschrijving der Dyaks (Zaltbommel, 1870), 274-275, 314, 339, 484

Peschel, O., The Races of Man (New York, 1876), 434

Petermann's Mittheilungen, 382

[Peters, S.], A History of Connecticut (London, 1781), 528

Petri, E., Anthropologie (in Russ.) (St. Petersburg, 1890), 548

Petri, E., Exceptiones Legum Romanorum (in Appendix to Vol. II of Savigny, F. C., Röm. Recht im Mittelalter, Heidelberg, 1834), 409

Petrie, W. M. Flinders, Race and Civilization (Smithson. Report, 1895), 189, 630

Pfeil, J., Studien aus der Südsee (Braunschweig, 1899), 127, 152, 272, 314, 454, 497

Philo Judæus, The Contemplative Life, 294

Philology, The Journal of (Cambridge, England), 488

Piccolomini, Ænæas Silvius (Pope Pius II), Die Geschichte Kaiser Friedrichs des Dritten (übersetzt von Ilgen) (Leipzig, 1899), 409

Pickering, W. A., Formosa (London, 1898), 318

Pietschmann, R., Die Phönizier (Berlin, 1899), 9, 10, 224, 487, 542, 555-556

Pike, L. O., Crime in England (London, 1873-1876), 392

Pinkerton, J., Collection of Voyages (17 vols. 1808-1814), 268

Pischon, C. N., Der Einfluss des Islam auf das Leben seiner Bekenner (Leipzig, 1881), 204, 260, 302, 454, 517

Pliny, Naturalis Historia, 104, 175, 199, 208, 319, 365, 512

Plutarch, Lives of Illustrious Men, 378

Pöhlmann, R., Die Uebervölkerung der Antiquen Grossstädte (Leipzig, 1884), 103

Politisch-Anthropologische Revue, 385

Pollock, Sir F., and Maitland, F. W., English Law (Cambridge, 1895), 411

Polyptique de l'Abbé Irminon (ed. Guerard) (Paris, 1844), 320

Pommerol, J., Une Femme chez les Sahariennes (Paris), 189, 269, 422, 427

Porphyrius, De Abstinentia, 26, 339

Portman, L., Vacation Studies (New York, 1902), 113

Powers, S., The Tribes of California (Washington, 1877), 120, 129, 152-153, 324, 442, 501, 512, 533

Prescott, W. H., The Conquest of Peru (Philadelphia, no date), 486

Preuss, Die Feuergötter (Mitt. der Anthrop. Gesellschaft in Wien, XXXIII, 156), 135, 337, 538, 554, 577

Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology, 535

Proksch, O., Die Blutrache bei den vorislamischen Arabern und Mohammeds Stellung zu ihr (Leipzig, 1899), 505, 507

von Prschewalsky, N., Reisen in der Mongolei, 1870-1873 (Jena, 1881), 154

Prutz, H., Kulturgeschichte der Kreuzzüge (Berlin, 1883), 443

Przewalsky, H. M., Travels in Central Asia (in Russ.) (St. Petersburg, 1883; also 1900), 352

PSM = Political Science Monthly

Puini, C., Le Origine della Civiltà (Firenze, 1891), 153, 437

Pullan, L., History of the Book of Common Prayer (New York, 1900), 406

Quintus Curtius Rufus. See Curtius

Ralston, W. R. S., Songs of the Russian People (London, 1872), 368

Ranke, J., Der Mensch (Leipzig, 1894), 127, 129, 368

RAS = Royal Asiatic Society

Ratzel, F., Anthropogeographie (Stuttgart, 1882-1891), 24

Ratzel, F., History of Mankind (trans. of Völkerkunde) (New York, 1896), 14, 26, 121-127, 322, 430, 438

Ratzel, F., Völkerkunde (3 Bände. Leipzig, 1885), 182, 188, 226, 263-265, 268, 272, 316-322, 336, 432, 442

von Räumer, F. L. G., Historisches Taschenbuch (Leipzig, 1te Folge, 1830-1839), 301, 524

Reclus, E., Primitive Folk (New York, 1891), 332

Regnard, P., Les Maladies epidémiques de l'esprit (Paris, 1887), 23, 210, 219

Reich, H., Der Mimus (Berlin, 1903), 11, 239, 448-449, 572-580, 582, 587, 589, 601

Reichel, O. J., Canon Law: I. Sacraments (London, 1896), 379

Renan, E., Averroes et l'Averroisme (Paris, 1861), 217, 246, 249, 253

Rerum Script. Ital. See Muratori

Retzius, G., Finska Kranier (Stokholm, 1878), 444

Revue de l'École d'Anthropologie de Paris, 368

Rheinisches Museum, 410

Ridgeway, W., The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards (Cambridge, 1892), 142-143, 153-154

Risley, H. H., Census of India, 1901: I, Ethnographic Appendices (Calcutta, 1903), 312, 499

Rockhill, W. W., Mongolia and Thibet in 1891-1892 (Washington, 1894, and Smithsonian Report for 1892, p. 659), 224, 338

Rockhill, W. W., trans. of William of Rubruck's Journey to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253-1255 (Hakluyt Society, 2nd Series, No. 4. London, 1900), 332, 388, 423, 488

Rodbertus, Die agrarische Entwickelung Roms unter den Kaisern (Hildebrand's Jahrbücher, II, 206, and following articles), 293

Rogers, R. W., Babylonia and Assyria (New York, 1901), 9

Rohde, E., Psyche (2te Ausg. Freiburg, 1898), 514, 567, 612

Rohlfs, G., Reise durch Nord-Afrika von Tripoli nach Kuka (Gotha, 1868), 264

de Rojas. See Mabbe

Romaunt de la Rose, 216, 369. See Lorris

Rosenbaum, J., Die Lustseuche (Halle, 1892), 542

von Rosenberg, S. B. H., Reistochten naar de Geelvinkbaai op Nieuw Guinea, 1869-1870 ('s Gravenhage, 1875), 314

Rossbach, A., Römische Hochzeits- und Ehe-Denkmäler (Leipzig, 1871), 405

Rossbach, G. A. W., Die Römische Ehe (Stuttgart, 1853), 282, 409, 488

Rossbach, J. J., Geschichte der Familie (Nordlingen, 1859)

Roth, H. Ling, Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (New York, 1896), 142, 149, 269, 274, 314, 339, 436, 526

Roth, H. Ling, The Aborigines of Tasmania (London, 1890), 125, 438

Roth, W. E., The Northwest Central Queensland Aborigines (Brisbane, 1897), 433

Rothe, T., Nordens Staatsverfassung vor der Lehnszeit (aus dem Dänischen. Leipzig, 1784-1789, 296)

Rousseau, J. B., OEuvres (IV, 305, trans. of Machiavelli's "Mandragore") (Paris, 1820)

Rubruck. See Rockhill

Rudeck, W., Geschichte der oeffentlichen Sittlichkeit in Deutschland (Jena, 1897), 184, 316, 320, 443, 475-478, 527, 530

Russian Ethnography: The Peoples of Russia (published by the Journal "Nations and Peoples," St. Petersburg, 1878) (in Russ.), 323, 326, 454, 456

de Saint Genois, J., Sur des Lettres Inédites de Jacques de Vitry écrites en 1216 (in Nouv. Mém. de l'Acad. Roy. de Belgique, XXIII, 1849), 215-216, 622-623

Salviani Opera Omnia (Vindobonae, 1883) (Corpus Script. Ecclesiast., VIII), 365, 529, 557, 559, 583-586

Sarassin, P. and F., Die Weddahs (Wiesbaden, 1893), 357, 484

Sarpi, Fra Paolo, Della Inquisizione di Venezia (in Vol. IV of his Opere), 230, 258-259

Savigny. See Petri

Schaafhausen, Menschenfresserei und das Menschenopfer (Archiv für Anthropologie, IV, 245), 329

von Schack, A. F., Dramatische Literatur und Kunst in Spanien (Frankfurt, 1854), 595

Schallmeyer, W., Vererbung und Auslese (Jena, 1903), 91, 440, 475, 549, 631

Scheltema, J., Volksgebruiken der Nederlanders bij het Vrijen en Trouwen (Utrecht, 1832), 527

Scherillo, M., La Commedia dell'Arte in Italia (Torino, 1884), 598, 601, 603

Scherr, J., Deutsche Frauenwelt (Leipzig, 1898), 196, 369, 442, 530, 590, 595

Scherr, J., Deutsche Kultur- und Sittengeschichte (Leipzig, 1879), 82, 184, 222, 255, 522, 530-531, 571

Schmidt, C., La Société Civile dans le Monde Romain et sa Transformation par le Christianisme (Strassbourg, 1853), 280, 289, 290, 572, 581, 583-584

Schmidt, E., Ceylon (Berlin, 1897), 273, 357, 440

Schoemann, G. F., Griechische Alterthümer (Berlin, 1897), 356

Schomburgk, R., Britisch Guiana in 1840-1844 (Leipzig, 1847), 131, 139, 182, 382, 501

Schotel, G. D. J., Het Oud-Hollandsch Huisgezin der Zeventiende Eeuw (Haarlem, 1867), 527

Schotmüller, K., Untergang des Templer-Ordens (Berlin, 1887), 23, 241, 257, 470

Schrader, E., The Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples (trans.) (London, 1890), 326, 553

Schultz, A., Das Höfische Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger (Leipzig, 1879-1880), 369, 442, 469, 522-523, 531

Schultz, A., Deutsches Leben in XIVten und XVten Jahrhundert (Cited D. L.) (Leipzig, 1892), 184, 369-370, 422, 444, 599

Schultze, Psychologie der Naturvölker, 136, 140

Schurz, H., Entstehungsgeschichte des Geldes (Deutsche Geographische Blätter, XX, Bremen, 1897), 142, 144-154

Schwaner, C. A. L. M., Borneo (Amsterdam, 1853), 188, 274, 383, 459

Schweinfurth, G., The Heart of Africa (trans.) (New York, 1874), 147, 188, 302, 305, 439, 441, 462, 516

Scientific American, 130

Scribner's Magazine, 142, 441, 461

Scripta Historica Islandorum: II. Historiae Olavi Trygvii (Hafniae, 1827), 543

Seeck, G., Untergang der antiquen Welt (Berlin, 1895), 103-107

Selenka, E., Der Schmuck des Menschen (Berlin, 1900)

Semon, R., In the Australian Bush (New York, 1899), 435-436

Semper, K., Die Palau Inseln (Leipzig, 1873), 143, 151-152, 422-423, 436

Seneca, De Ira, 283, 319; Letters, 360, 379; Opera, 319

Serpa Pinto, Como eu atravassei Africa (London, 1881), 269, 337, 533

Seuberlich. See Nekrassow

Sibree, J., jr., The Great African Island (London, 1880), 484, 512, 516

Sieroshevski, V. L., Jakuty (in Russ.) (St. Petersburg, 1896), 326, 434, 461, 485

Sieroshevski, V. L., Twelve Years in the Country of the Yakuts (Polish version of the last with revision and additions) (Warsaw, 1900), 422, 495

Simkhovitsch, W. G., Die Feldgemeinschaft in Russland (Jena, 1898), 89

Simrock, K., Das Nibelungen Lied (Stuttgart, 1890), 370

Smith, A. H., Chinese Characteristics (New York, 1894), 73

Smith, W. Robertson, Kinship and Marriage in early Arabia (Cambridge, 1885), 488

Smith, W. Robertson, Religion of the Semites (London, 1894), 10, 26, 107, 333, 336, 340, 438, 449-450, 455-456, 459, 495, 505, 512, 517, 537, 540, 542, 551, 554-555, 567-568

Smithsonian Institute, Reports of the, 126-130, 152, 189, 270, 317, 324, 364, 442, 453, 485, 498

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 122

Smyth, R. B., The Aborigines of Victoria (Melbourne, 1878), 121, 124, 128, 316, 330, 333, 339, 501

Snouck-Hurgronje, C., De Atjehers (Leyden, 1894-1895), 314, 533

Snouck-Hurgronje, C., Mekka (Haag, 1889), 353, 364

Snyder, W. L., The Geography of Marriage (New York, 1889), 479

Sohm, R., Trauung und Verlobung (Weimar, 1876), 412

Southey, R., History of Brazil (London, 1822), 120, 332

Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J., Native Tribes of Central Australia (New York, 1899), 316, 323, 436, 497

Spencer, H., Principles of Sociology (New York, 1905), 8

Spiegel, F., Eranische Alterthumskunde (Leipzig, 1871-1878), 326

Spix, J. B., und Martius, C. F. P., Reise in Brasilien, 1817-1820 (München, 1831), 139, 271, 315, 331, 439, 608

Sprenger, A., Die Alte Geographie Arabiens (Berlin, 1875), 424

Sprenger, F. J., Malleus Maleficarum (Venici, 1576)

Stammler, C., Stellung der Frauen (Berlin, 1877), 81, 83, 392, 407

Starcke, C. N., The Primitive Family (New York, 1889), 482, 489

von den Steinen, K., Naturvölker Zentral Brasiliens (Berlin, 1894). Shingu Tribes (Berlin Mus., 1888), 120, 122, 131, 427, 432

Steinmetz, S. R., Endo-Kannibalismus, Mitt. Anthrop. Ges. in Wien., XXVI, 329

Stengel, P., Die Griechischen Kultusalterthümer (München, 1898), 613

Stevens, H. V., Frauenleben der Orang Belendas, etc. (Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, XXVIII, 163), 435

Stieda, L., Die Infibulation (Wiesbaden, 1902), 448

Stiles, H. M., Bundling in America (Albany, 1869), 528

Stoll, O., Suggestion und Hypnotismus in der Völkerpsychologie (Leipzig, 1904), 20, 118

Strabo, Geographica, 318

Strange, Sir W. T., Hindu Law (London, 1830), 384

Strauss, A., Die Bulgaren (Leipzig, 1898), 367

Strong, J. C., Wakeenah and her People (New York, 1893), 271

Stubbs, W., Constitutional History of England (Oxford, 1874), 83

Stubbs, W., Select Charters (Oxford, 1874), 83

Stuhlmann, F., Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika (Berlin, 1894), 226, 268, 318, 329

Suetonius, De XII Caesaribus, 234, 292

Surtees Society (Vols. LIX and LX), Manuale et Processionale ad usam insignis Ecclesiae Eboracensis (Edinburgh, 1875), 411

Susemihl, F. K. E., Geschichte der Griechischen Literatur in der Alexandriner Zeit (Leipzig, 1891-1892), 450

Symonds, J. A. See Gozzi

Symonds, J. A., The Catholic Reaction (London, 1886), 47, 118, 258-259, 601, 645, 648

Symonds, J. A., The Renaissance in Italy (London, 1875), 217, 231, 643, 647-653

Symonds, J. A., trans. of the Life of B. Cellini (New York, 1888), 648-649

Tacitus, Germania, 319; Annals, 283, 319, 378, 577

Temesvary, R., Volksbräuche und Aberglaube in der Geburtshilfe (Leipzig, 1900), 316, 518

Tertullian, de Anima, 100; Apologia, 378; de Spectaculis, 570; ad Nationes, 570

Thayer, W. M., Marvels of the New West (Norwich, Conn., 1888), 327

Thomae Aquinatis Opera Omnia jussu impensaque Leonis XIII, P. M. (Rome, 1892), 160, 193, 226, 243, 247, 595; also Opuscula Omnia (Paris, 1534), 299

Thomson, J., Illustrations of China (London, 1873), 434

Tiele, C. P., Geschichte der Religion im Alterthume (Gotha, 1896), 81, 486, 550, 555, 563

Times, The New York, 208, 218, 235, 326

Todd, J. H., Life of St. Patrick (Dublin, 1864), 526, 620

Tornauw, Das Moslimische Recht (Leipzig, 1855), 455

Trevelyan, G. M., England in the Age of Wycliffe (New York, 1899), 531

Two Ways, The, 316. See Apostolic Constitutions

Tylor, E. B., Anthropology (New York, 1881), 120, 187

Tylor, E. B., Early History of Mankind (London, 1865), 125

Ueberweg, F., History of Philosophy (trans.) (New York, 1873), 613

Uhland, Geschichte der Dichtung und Sage (Stuttgart, 1865), 204, 370, 641

Umschau, Die, 91, 189, 358, 425, 483, 531

Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium libri novem, 364, 378, 541, 569

Vambery, H., Sittenbilder aus dem Morgenlande (Berlin, 1877), 303, 426, 455

Vanutelli, L., e Citerni, C., L'Omo (Milano, 1899), 145, 303, 322, 437

de Varnhagen, F. A., Historia Geral do Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1854-1857), 272

Venetian Ambassadors. See Alberi

Veth, P. J., Borneo's Wester-Afdeeling (Zaltbommel, 1856), 421, 501

Vinogradoff, P. G., Villainage in England (Oxford, 1892), 298

Vissering, W., On Chinese Currency (Leiden, 1877), 153

Vitry. See Saint Genois

Volkens, G., Der Kilimandscharo (Berlin, 1897), 148, 317, 339

Wachsmuth, Bauernkriege (Räumer, Hist. Taschenbuch, V), 83, 297

Waitz, F. T., Anthropologie (1859-1872), 139, 317, 432

Wallon, H. A., L'Esclavage dans l'Antiquité (Paris, 1847), 282-283, 289, 292

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Wellhausen, J., Die Ehe bei den Arabern (Göttingen, 1893), 320, 358, 363, 391, 488

Wellhausen, J., Skizzen und Vorarbeiten (Berlin, 1887), 429, 504-506, 562, 620

Wellsted, J. R., Travels in Arabia (London, 1837), 535

Westerhout, R. A., Het Geslachtsleven onzer Voorouders in de Middeleeuwen (Amsterdam, no date), 530

Westermarck, E., Human Marriage (London, 1891), 357, 481

Whitmarsh, H. P., The World's Rough Hand (New York, 1898), 333

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Wilutsky, P., Mann und Weib (Breslau, 1903), 382, 498

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Winter, E. See Jastrow, J.

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Wobbermin, G., Beeinflussung des Urchristenthums durch das Mysterienwesen (Berlin, 1896), 567

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Wüllestorff und Urbair, Reise der Novara um die Erde, 1857-1859 (Wien, 1861-1865), 316

Wundt, W., Ethik (Stuttgart, 1892), 424

Xenophon, Economicus, 360; Symposium, 587

Xiphilin, The History of Dio Cassius abridged (trans. by Dr. Manning) (London, 1704), 208

Yriarte, C., La Vie d'un Patricien de Venise (Paris, 1874), 149, 189, 259

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Yule, H., The Book of Ser Marco Polo (London, 1903), 149

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de Zarate, A. Gil, Literatura Española (Madrid, 1874), 596

Zay, E., Histoire Monétaire des Colonies Françaises (Paris, 1892), 145

Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 25, 269, 314, 332, 435, 440

Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 368, 454

Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, 4

Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, 82

Zimmer, H., Altindisches Leben (Berlin, 1879), 315, 326, 353, 388, 428, 486

INDEX

_A posteriori_, 519

Abandonment, of infants, 320; of old things, 324, 326; of the weak, 327

Abduction, 365, 384

Abelard, 228

Aberrations, 100, 102, 115, 149, 219, 220, 260, 534, 547, 579, 611

Abolition, 89-90, 92-93, 99, 111, 114, 165, 168, 178, 211, 478

Abomination, 109, 230, 233, 235, 238, 240, 314, 329, 336, 339, 357, 373, 430, 451, 473, 480, 487, 490, 530, 539, 556, 567, 628

Aborigines, 109, 112, 121, 126, 128, 139, 140, 314, 433, 440, 445, 501

Abortion, 106, 308-320, 327-328

Abuse, 58, 77, 92, 99, 102, 105-106, 114, 167, 170-171, 209, 218, 223, 238, 252, 259-260, 355, 367, 388, 471, 521-524, 634

Accident, 9, 24, 68, 135, 441, 445, 489, 573

Accursed man, 245

Accused, the, 250, 254, 523

Achievement, 99, 101, 106, 118, 132, 162, 478

Adaptation, 58, 73, 90, 95, 100, 120-121, 127

Adjustment, 58-59, 78-79, 81, 83, 100, 113, 312, 396, 419, 539; of inbreeding and outbreeding, 350

Admired, desire to be, 426; not to be, 428

Adoption, 12, 110, 118, 122, 615

Adultery, 69, 190, 334, 358, 360, 369, 378, 380-381, 390, 403, 424, 467, 501, 529, 574, 581-582, 652; of man, 378, 403, 413

Advance, 100-102, 604, 630; or decline, 99, 102

Affectation, 57, 93, 175, 194, 197, 199-200, 220

Affection, 182, 219, 268, 284, 320, 331, 358, 422, 523; conjugal, 361-366, 371, 403, 461

Affinity, 397, 480, 488

Aged, the, 308-309, 322-327, 460; two mores as to, 321-323; respect for, 321, 326; beg for death, 325; beg for delay, 325-326; are spared, 328

Agency, 25, 432, 501, 519, 537

Agitation, 51-52, 76, 113-114, 178

Aleatory element, the, 6, 11, 144, 313, 321-322, 396, 509, 519

Alexander of Macedon, 236, 504, 577

Alexander Severus, 288, 443

Alexander II, 89-90

Alexander IV, 254

Alexander VI, 11, 255, 598, 650

Ambassador, 189. See Alberi in List of Books Cited

America, 111, 113, 126, 167, 271, 275, 382, 434, 454, 460, 528, 549

Amulets, 142, 146, 148, 155, 429, 437-438, 446, 449, 512, 516-517, 546

Amusement, 35, 84, 100, 116, 193, 195, 470, 533, 545, 560, 572-573, 577, 583-586, 599, 600, 603-605; a pitfall, 603; and religion, 607; renounced, 609; vicious, 583

Ancestors, 13, 35, 55, 79, 85, 88, 101, 116, 134, 235, 382, 385, 430, 476, 561-563

Andamanese, 149, 316, 322, 421, 453, 459, 461

Anglo-American colonies, 304, 393

"Animalism, blank," 650

Animals, 181-182, 190, 357; sacred, 336; trained for the chase, 120

Antagonistic coöperation, 16-18, 49, 346

Antidivorce, 115

Anti-hero, 597

Antiochus Epiphanes, 615

Antipolygamy, 115

Antisensuality, 538

Antisocietal, 500

Apostles, 215, 221, 224, 243, 469, 524, 626

Appetite, 21, 31, 99, 329-330, 346, 545, 550, 552, 607-608, 612, 647

Arabs, 14, 188, 264-265, 334, 340, 350, 358, 363, 386, 391, 398, 423, 428, 455, 459, 462, 488, 495, 505, 507, 512, 517, 555, 557, 562

Arbitrariness, 92, 94, 107, 113, 115, 426

Arguments, fashion in, 193

Aristocracy, 45, 77, 94-95, 163-164, 168, 176, 183-184, 188, 286, 302, 376, 387, 505, 564

Aristotle, 51, 278-279, 299, 315, 359, 424, 602

Armengol, 152, 422-423

Arms swinging, 192

Art, 5, 24, 39, 41, 70, 93, 97, 101-104, 117-118, 124-128, 131-132, 201, 206, 232, 266, 638, 645; æsthetic, 426, 447, 450, 474, 516; of living, 45, 81, 418, 451-452; of criticism, 47; of the theater, 565

Artifacts, 119, 123-124, 126-127, 132-133, 450

Artisans, 35, 47, 73, 83, 95, 100, 168, 276, 283, 285, 288-289, 291, 294

Arts, 111, 121, 131-133, 160, 175-176, 193-194, 224, 589, 598, 609, 643; lost, 126; mechanic, 112, 604; fine, 135604, 627; of fishing, 123; the stage of the, 311-312; advance in the, 321, 327; ecclesiastical, 617

Asceticism and Ascetics, 101, 116, 160, 204-205, 212, 219-220, 224-225, 242, 294-295, 340, 378, 380, 390, 401, 604, 606, 608, 610-622, 626-627

Association, 57, 60-62, 110, 171, 288, 435, 493, 499, 526, 566, 593, 613, 648

Atellan, 234, 447, 569, 578, 581

Augustinian Hermits, 216, 624

Augustus, 101, 199, 280, 283, 288, 378, 543

Australia and Australian, 109, 119, 121, 124, 131, 187, 316, 322, 330, 332, 339, 346, 421, 436, 483, 497

Autocracy, 77, 88-89, 192, 244

Autos-de-fe, 252

Auto-suggestion, 19, 24, 201, 219, 633

Babylon, 465, 538, 541, 551, 575

Bagdad, 249, 430

Baluchistan, 499

Banishment, 209, 232, 333, 482, 486, 502, 507

Banking, 54, 169, 178, 193, 195

Barbarian, 14, 54, 100-101, 111, 116, 125, 397, 425-426, 445, 460, 467-468, 474, 487, 534, 562, 576, 586, 629

Barbaro, 186, 211, 257, 264-265, 276, 292, 295. See Alberi in List of Books Cited

Barbers of Bombay, 172

Bareheaded, improper for women, 456

Barter, 142-144, 147, 149, 155

Basivis. See Fawcett in List of Books Cited

Basochiens, 594

Bastardizing, 648

Bath, Bathing, 70, 100, 185, 420, 430, 436, 440, 442-445, 451-452, 454, 511, 514

"Beasts," 546

Beat wives, 364, 370

Beauty, 159, 187-189, 191-192, 343, 365, 394, 446, 455, 518, 627, 644, 650; attracts evil eye, 517

Beget, compelled to, 399

Beghards, 217

"Benefit of marriage," 390

Bernard Delicieux, 217

Berry jam, 140

Betrothal, 358, 360, 382-383, 389, 398-399, 406, 410-412, 454

Bible, 68-69, 81, 94, 109-110, 117, 154, 175-176, 234, 236, 277, 313, 335, 340, 356, 363-364, 377, 391, 398-399, 401, 414, 430-431, 455-456, 487, 499, 502-503, 513, 515, 518, 526, 540, 542-543, 551, 553-555, 565, 567, 614-616

Bigamy, 414

Biologs, 578-580, 582, 588, 596

Birth, 67, 196, 317, 320, 354, 383, 389, 432, 434

Bishops, 226, 237, 242, 249, 460, 616, 642

Black Death, 213

Blood, 218, 235, 243, 254, 337-338, 353-354, 451, 469, 472, 479-480, 484, 491, 496, 502, 505, 511, 541, 555, 570, 575, 583, 607, 650; lust of, 247, 250; seat of the soul or life, 336; avenger of, 502; nuptial, 511, 541; atonement, 506; feud, 499, 501-502, 504-508; guilt, 333, 502, 505, 650; money, 502; revenge, 334, 467, 496, 498-500, 501-502, 504-508

Bloodthirst, 182, 464, 570

Body, the, 103-104, 189, 315, 424, 428-429, 431-434, 440, 443, 445-446, 451, 455, 515, 582, 612-613

_Bombaria_, 599

Bonaventura, 217, 247, 624

Bond, 352, 357

Boniface VIII, 259, 625

Book of Covenants, 277

Book of Henoch, 431

Book of Jubilees, 431

Books of beggars, 598

Borgia (see Alexander VI, 586); Cesare, 64, 519, 598; Lucrezia, 598

Borneo, 150, 269, 274, 304, 439, 442, 446

Boss, 48, 180

Boys, 354, 367; vs. girls, 456, 518

Brazil, 122, 138-139, 271, 323, 325, 332, 446, 501

Breed in and out, 116, 492

Breeding, 17, 60, 106-108, 192, 316, 350, 421, 431, 454, 461, 472, 481, 490

Bride, 188-189, 366, 367, 397-398, 408, 410, 413, 456, 484-486, 516, 518; must weep, 367-368; attendants of the, 366; blows on a, 516; her mother killed and eaten, 338

Bridegroom, 366, 370, 397-398, 408, 410, 518; is ashamed, 367

Bride-price, 154, 311-312, 317

Brothels, 208, 256, 370, 529-530

Brothers of the Free Spirit, 218

Buckley, 128

Buddhism, 73, 111, 117, 149, 159, 318, 510

Bull-baiting, 560, 586

Bulls of popes, 248-249, 259, 590

Bundling, 525-529

Burlesque, 572-573, 578, 582, 590, 594; opera, 185

Burning, as penalty, 59, 212, 233-234, 237-239, 243-247, 254, 290, 336, 470-471, 486, 524, 555, 637; the dead, 332; widows, 388

Bushmen, 24-26, 137, 264, 268-269, 326, 346, 422

Bustle, 190, 428

Byzantine empire, 99-100, 239, 449, 571, 587

_Cacare_, 445

Cæsar, Julius, 286, 288, 519

Calamity, 100, 210-211, 213, 235, 239, 300, 313, 482, 486, 515, 519, 552, 555, 608, 610, 617, 648

_Calandra_, 596

Caligula, 234, 286

Caliphs, 430, 504-505

_Calisto e Meliboea_, 596

Cannibalism, 13, 316, 325-326, 329, 336-341, 418, 451, 480, 546

Cantelupe, Walter de, 411

_Cantica_, 586

Capital, 8, 9, 26, 83, 89, 162-163, 169, 184, 285, 310, 352, 376-377, 439, 643-644

Carolina, the, 254

Caroline Archipelago, 123, 340, 516, 533

Carthage, 62, 81, 148, 183, 282, 541-543, 556, 559, 586

Cat knight, 599

Catholicity, 15, 221-222, 244, 258, 503, 531

Cato the younger, 378, 569

_Cavalier servente_, 200

Cellini, 650

Centuries (before Christ): twenty-third, 504, 552; twelfth, 446; tenth, 557; ninth, 615; eighth, 554; seventh, 234, 555; sixth, 566, 613; fifth, 108, 467-468, 510, 565, 576, 612; fourth, 104, 107, 109, 180, 468, 510, 566, 578, 612; third, 409, 568, 580, 583, 612; second, 105, 281, 468, 557, 568, 580, 612; first, 281, 288, 294, 468, 569, 580, 612, 615; time of Christ, 565-566, 614, 617; (after Christ): first, 104, 284, 287, 289, 365, 569, 588, 617, 642; second, 101, 104, 239, 285, 287-289, 339, 550, 556, 569-570, 605, 617, 642; third, 224, 239, 293, 399, 525, 550, 577, 581, 586, 618, 642; fourth, 82, 96, 199, 204, 219, 225, 237-239, 243, 289, 292-294, 319, 390, 404, 525, 550, 572, 577, 581-582, 618-620; fifth, 82, 108, 199, 204, 215, 225-226, 238, 294, 447, 529, 578, 582-583, 620, 623; sixth, 204, 211, 405, 526, 586-587, 590; seventh, 204, 211, 239, 276, 443, 587, 589; eighth, 211, 239, 298, 301, 408, 443, 586, 590; ninth, 211, 239, 298, 334-335, 406-408, 530, 586, 590-591, 620; tenth, 211, 221, 430, 543, 591, 620; eleventh, 180, 221-222, 225, 229, 238, 240, 244, 392, 407, 409-410, 462, 581, 591, 620; twelfth, 180, 223, 238, 240, 244, 247, 253, 258, 298, 335, 370, 407, 410-411, 412-413, 423, 488, 526, 591-592, 620, 641; thirteenth, 88, 180, 214-216, 222, 226-227, 231, 241, 243-246, 248-249, 257, 298-300, 332, 336, 369-370, 413, 442-444, 460, 462, 471, 524, 531, 593, 595, 597, 621-625; fourteenth, 165, 180-181, 227, 251-253, 257, 264, 299-300, 369, 413, 442, 530-531, 586, 593-597, 599, 626, 633; fifteenth, 118, 161, 184, 189, 199, 230, 250, 252-253, 255-256, 298-300, 369-370, 413, 442, 469, 472, 531, 586, 589, 593-597, 599, 626, 644, 653; sixteenth, 86, 96, 118, 180, 189, 196-197, 199, 229-231, 254, 257, 271, 290, 299-300, 304, 320, 335, 371, 397, 400, 413-415, 442-444, 450, 460, 469-470, 524, 530-531, 540, 595-598, 600-602, 603, 627, 644-645, 653; seventeenth, 21, 79, 86-87, 94, 96, 165, 190, 200, 230, 235, 254, 263, 299-300, 367, 385, 388, 392, 416, 442, 444, 448, 470, 488, 521, 527-528, 601-603; eighteenth, 21,48, 148, 165, 168, 190, 197, 207-208, 254, 272, 299, 306, 367, 392, 407, 409, 416, 478, 523, 527-528, 602; nineteenth, 44, 59, 89, 153, 166, 169-170, 191, 229-230, 270, 272, 304, 306, 338, 353, 358, 367, 371, 388-389, 416, 448, 462, 485, 505, 529, 531, 544, 557, 586-587, 632-633; twentieth, 455

Centuries, 221, 230; the fourth to the twelfth, 243; the thirteenth to the seventeenth, 247; the last three before Christ, 105; the early Christian, 100, 103; the fourth to the sixteenth, 407

Ceylon, 143, 273, 439

Chaldea, 36, 349, 378, 388, 397, 550, 552-553, 562

Charles II, 257, 561

Charles V, 249, 647

Charles VII, 443

Charms, 150, 393-394, 466, 517

Chastity, 231, 356, 360-361, 418-421, 473, 613-614; pre-nuptial, 359; for men, 359, 361

Chauvinism, 15, 74

_Chevaliers transis_, 199

Child, 315, 317, 366, 384, 394, 441, 454, 479, 511, 513, 544

Child bearing, 269, 313, 315-316, 331, 366, 399, 441, 458, 473, 493, 497, 511-513

Children, 11-12, 30, 60, 84, 105-106, 108, 112, 116, 136, 183, 187, 205, 210-211, 214, 268-270, 273, 308-319, 345-354, 378, 383, 390, 396, 406, 424, 428, 440-441, 447-449, 451-452, 473-476, 492-497, 506-518, 534, 551-556, 559, 562, 583, 589-590, 615-616, 628-629, 632; of priests, 229; of popes, 256; of slaves, 273, 301-302; the owner of one's own, 355, 428, 440-441, 447, 449, 451-452

China, 14, 71, 73, 108, 122, 132, 151, 153, 218, 273, 275, 318, 334-335, 375, 451, 453, 459-461, 518, 549

Chiusi, the Count of, 216, 623

Chosen people, 14

Chrysostom, John, 191, 290, 294, 361, 582

Church, 69, 71, 82-83, 87-88, 94, 103, 116-117, 160, 180-181, 183, 191, 204-230, 237-238, 242-260, 290, 297, 319, 370, 375, 380, 382, 385, 391, 400, 402, 404, 406, 411-416, 449, 460, 567, 582, 585, 590-592, 595, 598-599, 617-620, 622-624, 626, 629, 635, 643-644; plays in, 593, 595; said to allow harlots, 529; teachings of the, 240, 246, 248, 260; what it accomplished, 230; the Spanish, 258; character and corruption of the, 256; fathers of the, 208, 240, 530; policy of the, 222; at the church door, 326

_Cicisbeo_, 200

_Cistellaria_, 543

Civilization, 6, 14, 26, 31, 35, 48, 54-55, 66, 78, 81, 86, 89, 99, 106-108, 110-111, 123, 156, 158, 164, 183, 192, 206, 211, 229-232, 236, 244, 264-266, 272, 294, 307, 310, 314, 322-327, 347-352, 355-358, 375, 387, 394-396, 413, 470, 480, 494, 498, 506-507, 519, 525, 536, 550, 563, 590, 592, 609, 630-632, 635-639

Clan, 354, 498

Class, and classes, 39-53, 65-78, 86, 95-99, 107, 116, 163-179, 194-207, 223, 229, 266-288, 294-295, 361-385, 403-425, 440, 451, 461-479, 518-528, 559-579, 592, 644; ruling, 165, 175-179, 246-250; upper and lower, 360, 376, 386, 389, 404, 409-413, 526-527, 645; middle, 166, 169, 371, 376, 415, 452; envy, 595; the lowest has the evil eye, 517; the cultured and leading, 45-49, 62-65, 71, 88-100, 572-573, 582, 592, 594, 603; the lowest free, 371, 385, 404-405, 422, 543

Clay-waggon, 588

Clean and unclean, 509, 511-513, 515, 611, 653

Clement V, 212, 257, 299, 524

Clement VII, 649

Cloistering women, 386, 515

Cluny, 222-223

Code, 59-78, 85-86, 95-109, 163-175, 198-207, 234-249, 313, 322, 360-375, 381-386, 408-422, 451-463, 471-475, 541, 565, 574, 631-653

Colonies, 78, 86, 108, 162, 167, 523, 528, 571

Colonna, Vittoria, 651

Combination, 17-20, 111, 132-134, 200, 354, 489, 611

Comedy, 38, 227, 238, 448-451, 574-575, 591-602, 652; classical, 594, 599, 603

_Commedia del arte_, 600-602

Commensality, 456, 495

Commerce, 49, 63, 74, 163-164, 216, 224, 228, 270, 278, 284-285, 474, 615, 627

Common man, the, 170

Competition, 17, 29, 92, 193; of life, 16, 29, 39, 85, 163-164, 197, 265-266, 327

Composition, 356; of quarrel, 150; by payments, 499, 501, 507

Concubinage, 116, 227, 256, 318, 376, 404-406, 414, 626

Concubines, 227-228, 277, 297, 301-303, 367, 374-375, 390-399, 403, 551, 652; clerical, 227, 230, 256

Conditions, 38-55, 63-68, 72-80, 84-90, 95-102, 109-118, 131, 158-166, 178, 258, 267, 292, 319-327, 348-359, 373-382, 396-399, 419, 424, 543, 552, 624, 636, 646; of human life, 464, 499, 540

Congo, 145, 187, 268, 330-331

Congo, the French, 334, 339

Conjugal love, 364

Conjuncture, 51, 53, 75, 85, 99, 101, 124, 163, 312, 319, 395, 552, 580

Conrad, Bishop of Hildesheim, 242

Conrad of Marburg, 611

Conservatism, 45, 80, 107, 163, 250, 534

Constantine, 234, 290-291, 319, 443, 541, 572, 584, 618

Constantinople, 589; Council of, 225

_Constitutio de Nuptiis_, 408

Constitution, 50, 65, 166, 222, 525

Consummation of marriage, 389, 397-399, 401, 409, 412-414, 458; deferred, 366

Contagion, 50, 116, 131, 152, 196, 210, 219, 509-510

Conventionalization, 22, 68-70, 185, 348, 538, 545, 547-548, 551-552

Conventions, 143, 193, 363, 419, 421, 445-447, 493, 565, 570, 574, 597, 652

Conventuals, 216, 625

Convictions, 29, 32, 59, 98, 105-106, 114-118, 170, 200, 219, 250, 361, 475, 494, 559, 606-607, 627, 644

Coöperation, 15-20, 28, 35, 47, 53, 61, 79, 90, 132-134, 140-141, 205, 219, 231, 305-306, 347, 349, 396, 415, 548, 629

Corporation, 96, 375, 468, 502

Correlation, 9-12, 403; of dress and chastity, 419; of goodness and happiness, 593

Corruption, 69, 88, 102, 170, 181, 318, 360, 370, 375, 420, 552-557, 570, 581, 584, 609, 623, 627

Council of Trent, 407, 414-415

Council of Trullanum, 443

Counter suggestion, 92

Country, new, 80, 162, 164, 376, 634

Courtesan, 100, 256, 426, 457, 541, 545, 548-549, 568, 588

Cranmer, Thomas, 229

Credit, 36, 54, 144, 161, 224, 263, 267, 276, 296, 304, 456

Criticism, 22-24, 55, 73-74, 76, 95, 102, 108, 118, 171, 179-180, 185, 195, 205, 222-223, 230, 449, 465-467, 476, 508, 524, 530, 547, 568, 603, 625, 632-635

Crosses, yellow, 251-252

Crowd, 15-21, 24, 47, 214-215, 220, 242, 368, 370, 570, 572-574, 581-582, 587-588, 592-593, 609, 623

Crucifix, 23, 176, 450-451, 472

Cruelty, 72, 182, 239-240, 250, 256-257, 269, 271, 324, 471, 522-523, 539, 569-571, 583, 618, 621, 626

Crusades, 10, 58, 87, 205-214, 223-224, 370, 443, 469-470, 474, 636, 642; children's, 214

_Cullagium_, 227

Custom, 4-12, 25, 30, 35, 45, 54-58, 76-82, 90-91, 109, 116, 131, 135, 143, 184-185, 190, 197, 202, 238, 242, 247

Cynicism, 198, 227, 569, 618

Dance, 111, 135, 152, 191, 195, 211-213, 425-426, 436-438, 446, 449, 457-458, 469, 526-527, 533-534, 545, 548, 561-564, 568-569, 575, 583, 588-599

Dandy, 188-189, 573, 579

Darwin, Charles, 47

Darwinians, 632

Daughter-in-law, 367

Daughters, 27, 145, 202, 234, 320, 358, 363, 397, 418, 421-423, 483-489, 491, 497, 542, 546, 555; love for, 356; are wealth, 273, 317; are sold, 275, 277, 312, 355; many are a curse, 312

Dead, the, 26, 29, 108, 146, 195, 243, 393, 469, 506, 512, 514, 613, 621

Debt, 89, 144, 151, 156, 178, 263-269, 272-276, 300; slavery, 267-269, 273

Deceased wife's sister, 480, 501-502, 506

Decency, 57, 69, 171, 195, 231, 418-445, 451-456, 469-473, 521, 544-545, 575-577, 595-598; and dress, 436, 443; lacking, 435-436; impossible, 441

Decent and indecent, 545-551, 565-572, 585-590, 608

Decrees of Trent, 415

Decretals of Gratian. See Corpus Juris Canonici in List of Books Cited

Decretals, the pseudo-Isidorian, 237

Deformation, 183, 189-192, 203, 429, 573, 575, 597

Degrees of suspicion, 253

Deioces, 430

Deities, women offensive to, 512

Delicieux, Bernard, 217, 241, 625

Delusion, 32, 57, 101, 163, 181, 210-221, 231, 553, 633

Democracy, 63, 76, 88, 98, 102-106, 163, 176-180, 194, 206, 220, 230, 278, 300, 376, 468, 579, 630-632, 637

Demonax, 571

Demonism, 81, 100-101, 116, 211, 237, 397, 509-519, 520, 531-532, 562, 567, 620

Demons, 176, 218, 237-239, 262, 353, 397, 446-447, 548, 564, 567, 577, 590, 608, 612

Density of population, 502, 540

Desires, 146, 154, 178, 200, 204, 208, 214, 230, 237, 240, 346, 355, 393, 401, 422, 607, 617, 627, 632, 647

Despotism, 64, 218, 249, 254, 286, 302, 505

Dexterities, 2, 5, 119, 129, 132, 203, 629

Dickens, Charles, 179

Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 597

Digest in the Corpus Juris Civilis, 240, 284-289, 293, 360

Dionysus, servants of, 449

_Directorium inquisitorum_, 257

Discipline, 12-13, 47-48, 53, 60-72, 92, 112, 121, 205, 212, 217, 220-222, 231-233, 242, 255-256, 390, 396, 483, 495, 522, 532, 562, 593, 607, 617, 625-626, 638

Disease, 27, 50, 80-81, 102, 112, 114, 142, 146, 152, 171, 192, 210, 219, 440, 500, 509-511, 523, 531, 536, 628, 630

Disillusion, 178, 380

Disorder, 56, 90, 100-101, 590

Dissent, 75, 95-96, 107, 174, 192, 215, 220-221, 232-233, 255-256, 530, 569

Dissenter, 95-97, 195, 200, 222, 230, 232, 235, 241-249, 255, 259-260, 621

Distinction, 142, 182-183, 186, 192, 202-203, 219, 648

District, the Fifth, of Maryland, 115

Dithyrambics, 77, 163

Divarra, 150

Divorce, 84, 115, 117, 198, 342, 353, 360, 377-381, 400, 413, 416, 424, 551

Doctrines and mores, 46; Jeffersonian, 51

Documents, 403, 405, 642

Dogma, 59, 65, 84-86, 93-94, 97, 100, 118, 213, 221, 227-228, 260, 266, 306, 400, 450, 465, 469, 503, 509-510, 513, 515, 519-520, 537, 585, 591, 605, 607, 626

Dogmatism, political, 59, 240

Dominic, 216, 246-247, 623

Dominicans, 217, 243, 249

Dominion, 114, 116, 118; spread of,140, 261, 284, 300, 625, 631, 636; of man over wife and daughters, 355, 371; of custom, 473

Domitian, 208, 289

Don Juan, 597

_Donatio propter nuptias_, 404

Donatists, 210, 219

_Dos_, 404

Drama, 61, 68, 70, 78, 220, 227, 239, 471, 537, 545-608, 613. See Mimus; folk drama, 583, 590, 595

Dresden Museum, 331

Dress, 5, 69-72, 92, 96, 111, 171, 184-186, 190-198, 203, 243, 419, 424-426, 429, 432-447, 469, 521, 530, 564, 577, 615; pattern, 147, 153; left off, 424-425, 439; relation of, to decorum and chastity, 437; the bride's, 409; evening, 428, 440

Drift of the mores, 87, 99, 141

Drink, a, 84, 234, 267, 462, 546, 585, 611

Drinking, not to be seen, 459

Drunkenness, 454, 469, 478, 549, 560

Du Maurier, 193

Duels, 153, 508

Dundreary, Lord, 43, 576

Dyak, 142, 274, 314, 339, 421, 436, 439, 442, 459, 484, 501

Eabani, 536

East, the, 104, 111, 149, 441, 443, 474, 544, 571, 587

Eating and drinking, 191, 334, 427, 458-459, 462-463, 469, 497, 513, 516; spouses together, 409; unclean things, 615

Ecclesiastics, 82-92, 117, 139, 169, 184, 222-226, 228, 237, 240, 245, 254-257, 290, 369, 407-412, 448, 472, 489, 582-595, 619-622, 632, 644, 650

Economy, 37

Edward II, 257; Edward VI, 256

Effigies, votive, 80

Egoistic reference, 21

Egypt, 36, 74, 117, 234, 264, 299, 336, 349, 353, 432, 434, 448, 474, 485, 505, 510, 538, 541, 577, 580, 587

Egyptians, 26, 110, 182, 236, 318, 336, 339,433, 438, 446, 458, 485, 518, 544, 553, 630

Elisha, 10, 277

Elite, the, 103, 206

Elizabeth of England, 257

Elizabeth of Thuringia, 205

Embryology, 481, 496

Emigration, 36, 96, 105, 108, 209, 310, 528

Empire, 82-83, 92-93, 101, 103, 106, 116, 208-218, 222, 234-237, 242, 254-256, 282-295, 318-319, 360, 365, 371, 390, 406, 447, 503, 525, 559, 580-587, 590

Endogamy, 318, 343, 350, 482-485

_Enfans sans Souci_, 594

England, 45, 82, 114, 126, 143, 166, 177, 190, 197, 209, 229, 256-257, 273, 306, 382, 385, 392, 411, 414, 455, 470, 490, 522-524, 527, 561, 597, 631, 635

Englishman, 73, 82, 87, 92, 111, 116-117, 383-389, 435-444, 450, 454, 474, 478, 643

Enslavement, 226, 279, 283, 297, 300, 468

Environment, 17, 19, 63, 68, 73, 113, 159, 376, 463-464, 507

Envy, 105, 117, 158, 165, 184, 373, 466, 515-519, 574, 595

Epic poems, 174-175, 536, 640, 642

Epidemics, 23, 210, 215, 219, 443

Epiphanius, 542

Epithet names, 296

Epithets, 13, 176, 179, 484, 573

Equal, all are, 164, 284; all members are, 288-289; all Moslems are, 301-302

Equality, 39, 43-44, 48, 59, 92, 162, 290-291, 366, 372, 376, 379, 542, 575, 648

Error, 9, 32-33, 49, 58, 95, 99, 102, 114, 117, 126, 128, 140, 162, 359, 471, 476, 478, 483, 627, 633-634, 636-637; curve of probable, 40

Eskimo, 14, 25, 109, 121-122, 142, 152, 323, 325, 382, 422, 433, 441, 485, 501, 512, 514

Essenes, 430, 445, 615

d'Este, Alphonso, 601

Ethics, 33-38, 78, 91, 114, 137, 158-164, 174, 201, 228, 232, 243, 310, 320-321, 347-353, 464, 477, 547, 618

Ethnocentrism, 13-15

Ethology, 36-37, 59, 70-74, 561, 597

Eulenspiegel, see Till, 597

Euphrates valley, 236, 386, 504, 536, 555-556

Eve, 193, 414, 444

Evil, 58, 76, 99, 101, 227, 259, 307, 359, 420, 444, 469, 481, 488, 491-492, 525, 529-530, 550, 552, 606

Evil eye, the, 25, 386, 429, 433, 459, 509-510, 515-519

Eveans, 263, 268

Exaggeration, 184, 192, 197, 203, 231, 485, 575-578, 599, 642, 645

Excess, 102, 197, 204, 212, 225, 256, 359, 419-420, 428, 468-470, 521, 531, 536-537, 544, 560, 562, 575, 605-606, 646, 650

Excluded, the, from a monopoly, 373

Execution, 195, 209, 234, 240, 242-246, 250-260, 295, 464-465, 470, 522, 530, 596

_Exiit qui seminat_, 625

Exogamy, 12, 350, 397, 482, 485

Exorcism, 123, 446

Expediency, 19, 56, 60-61, 68, 76, 80, 92, 99, 119, 192, 309-310, 321, 400-401, 418-419, 490, 546, 606, 610, 640, 644

Experiment, 2, 3, 70, 121, 125, 130, 155, 192, 261, 419, 424, 463, 495, 606, 652

Exposure of infants, 313, 318-320, 322, 420-421, 425, 427, 430, 434, 441, 451-452, 458

Extermination, 17, 212, 241, 243, 246, 260, 264

Extravagances, 57, 86, 185, 192, 200, 202, 204, 212, 248, 275, 469-470, 472, 506, 530, 561, 602, 610-611, 626

Eymerich, 257

Ezzelino da Romano, 247, 524, 599

Fabulous story of Francis, 624

Factions, 18, 228, 259, 282, 524, 583, 595

Faculty, critical, 633

Fads, 57, 78, 93, 191, 197-198, 218, 220, 644-645

"Faith," the, 595

Falsehood, 181, 195, 199, 207, 210, 371, 627, 639-642

Familiar, 450, 574, 611

Familiarity, 22, 35, 61, 80, 233, 389, 452-453, 494, 531

Family, 8, 35, 102, 112, 123, 140-141, 151, 164-166, 172, 196, 205-206, 234, 251, 258, 342-343, 345-356, 366-368, 376-379, 381-382, 463, 493-496, 501, 549-556, 616, 619-621, 628-629

Fanaticism, 52, 100, 239, 243-244, 252, 472, 621

Fashion, 22, 47. 57, 94, 112, 124, 130, 146, 148, 168, 184-186, 188-191, 194-220, 307, 356, 386, 426-428, 444-446, 522, 573, 595, 603, 631, 634, 644

Father family, 109, 112, 322, 332, 354-358, 378, 380, 397, 467, 479, 484-485, 494, 502, 533

Fear, 18, 33, 210, 212, 285, 309, 320, 333, 383, 422, 425, 428, 484, 573, 609

Fecundity, 484

Feet, 127, 421, 427, 434, 455; of Chinese women, 450

Female, 466, 535-536; seeks male, 343; characteristics, 343, 394; infants killed, 363

Ferocity, 212, 231, 233, 469, 508, 522, 524, 557, 563, 652

Fetich, 51, 125, 274, 337, 345, 620-621

Fiendishness, 212

Fig gesture, 518

Figures, 448-451; of speech, 468, 496; stereotyped, of comedy, 447, 577, 580, 591

Fire, 130-133, 203, 213, 346, 497, 499, 512-513, 554

Fiscus, 292-293, 298

Fish, 119-123, 429, 608

Fit, that which is, 466; the least, 491

Flagellation, 23, 211, 213, 445, 593

"Flesh," the, 567, 612

"Flesh, one," 414

Floralia, 568-569

Florus, Joachim de, 216, 253

Folkways, 106, 119, 132-133, 157, 224, 245, 261, 309, 312-313, 328, 343, 346-347, 350, 354-355, 393, 400, 417-418, 421, 440, 445, 463-474, 480-482, 493-494, 499, 506, 509, 528, 549, 552, 562, 573, 593, 631, 634

Food quest, 3, 21, 31, 120, 123, 311, 347, 351, 561

Food supply, 26, 30, 119-120, 122, 210, 269, 305, 312-317, 330, 333, 337-341, 447, 450, 459, 535, 550, 563, 613, 622

Foods, 82, 151, 191, 357, 474, 497, 513, 530, 540, 546, 607, 611, 615

Fool, the theatrical, 594

Forces of social regeneration, 224

Foreskin, 448

Fork, 331, 462

Formality, 454; of marriage, 67

Formula for luck, etc., 123, 372, 389, 397-399, 403, 566

Formularies of the Inquisition, 253

Foundations, pious, 644

Foweira, 438

France, 14, 86, 165, 190, 247, 298, 301, 304, 310, 338, 392, 414, 416, 460, 472, 561, 589, 593-598, 602, 635

Francis d'Assisi, 215-216, 246-247, 622-626

Franciscans, 216-217, 242-243, 252, 622-626

Franks, 298; the Salic, 495

Fraternities, 595, 598

Frederick II, emperor, 87, 247-249, 254-256, 508

Frederick III, 409

Frederick the Great, 93

Free trade, 114, 631

Friars, the preaching, 299, 622, 624-625

Friendship, mystical, 610

Frivolity, 45, 57, 186, 189, 212, 557, 583

Fructification of the date palm, 535, 540, 548

Frugality, 150, 452, 625

_Frumentaria_, 281

Fun, 263, 471, 521, 528, 534, 573-574, 577-578, 583, 590, 594, 599, 600, 602

Funny or shameful, 451, 574

Fusion of two lives, 372, 375, 415

Fuss about nothing, 582

Fussy old man, 601

Future, the, 59, 73, 88, 165, 368, 510

Gambling, 195, 207, 271, 273, 275, 530, 560, 578; places, 55, 208

Game, 25, 84-85, 120, 193, 207, 324, 339, 378, 441, 468, 470, 524, 527, 561, 569-571, 583, 585-586

_Gandharva_ marriage, 362, 365

Garter, 450

Gaul, 557, 585

Geelvinkbai, 314

General in triumph, 518

Genitals, 430-433

Genius, 41-42, 44, 344, 628, 648-649; of the Romans, 583

Gentiles, 14

Gentleman, 204-207, 603

Germ units, 481

Germans, 81-83, 101, 140, 154, 293, 295, 297, 306, 318, 326, 385, 409-410, 443, 469, 475-478, 538, 543, 559, 586, 632, 641, 643

Germany, 14, 63, 92, 97, 196, 214, 298, 406, 412, 414, 434, 443, 478, 527, 593, 597, 599, 635

Gerson, 227, 370

Gesture, 191, 420, 426, 442, 448, 455, 564, 573, 575, 582, 588

Ghost fear, 3, 7, 28-30, 67, 79, 346

Ghosts, 3, 9, 13, 28-32, 123, 146-147, 195, 235, 275, 309, 313, 333, 336, 387, 430-431, 465, 496, 499, 506, 562, 566, 569, 607-608, 610

Gilgamesh story, 536

Girdle, 188, 323, 426, 432-433, 437-439, 448, 456, 531

Girls, 303, 313-318, 358, 382-384, 397, 421, 428, 440-443, 453, 497, 513, 534, 541, 544, 549

Gladiators, 570-572, 584, 586, 649

Gladness, religious, 107

Glass, 130, 151, 176, 471

Glory, 54, 150, 202, 266, 355, 386, 504, 571, 576, 614, 648

Go-betweens, 580

Goblinism, 7, 26, 30, 33-34, 132, 195, 203, 235, 313, 333, 429, 433, 435, 446, 496, 506, 510, 608

God, the highest, 103; the true, 159-160, 213, 216, 231, 238, 243, 259, 275, 291, 301, 401, 430, 445, 466-467, 469, 496, 513, 526, 536, 540, 543, 553-558, 582, 591, 614-617, 621

God, the word, 566

Goddess, 358, 362, 451, 466, 536, 541-542, 543, 548, 550-552, 556, 563

Gods, heathen, 69, 103-108, 123, 159, 174, 210, 237-239, 275, 295, 362, 385, 397, 402, 405, 430, 433, 451, 465, 505, 536, 538, 541, 545, 549, 555, 581-588, 608-609, 611-618, 643; intervention of, 85; teaching of, 28

Gods eat souls, 336

Gold, 142, 147, 149, 153-157

Good, 204; say naught but, 195; the highest, 161; and ill, 101, 159, 231, 346-347

Good cheer, 447; fellowship, 168, 363,643; living, 641; looks, 191; nature, 363; sense, 347, 363; woman, 394; works, 255

Goodness and badness, 58, 79, 102, 471

Goodness and happiness, 8, 10-11, 204

Gospel, 214-217, 626; the eternal, 253

Government, 12, 115, 164, 167-170, 177, 209, 280, 338, 474, 499-500, 507, 650

_Gracioso_, 594

Graft, 170, 634

Graves, 26, 127, 512-513

Great, the, 252, 573

Great men, 152, 154

Great Mother, the, 562

Grecian bend, 190

Greece, 36, 159, 180, 199, 447-448, 467, 497, 568, 571, 575-577, 612

Greek civilization, 106-116, 203-204, 236, 468

Greeks, 11, 14, 62, 94, 103, 105, 160, 174, 180, 194, 279, 282, 318, 326, 362, 375, 390, 430, 447, 449, 465-468, 471, 474, 513, 518

Gregory I, 401

Gregory VII. See Hildebrand

Gregory IX, 212, 216, 248

Growth demons, 447, 449, 577-578

Guardian, next male, 354, 407, 410

Guest friend, 12, 505, 533

Gui, Bernard, 252

Guicciardini, 644

Guycurus, 138, 271, 315, 325

Gyges, 10

H, 116

Habit, 2, 3, 24, 28, 34, 46, 60-62, 77, 90, 100, 107, 132, 136, 141, 165, 168, 171, 176, 196-197, 331, 363, 421, 424, 435, 439, 443, 461, 494-495, 513, 535, 629, 633

Habitat, 137, 352

Hair, a woman's, sacrificed for herself, 556

Half-civilization, 96, 111, 362-363, 397

Hamilton, Alexander, 631

Hammurabi, 233, 276-277, 486, 550

Hand, only the left used, 457

Hansa, 63, 183, 530

Hanswurst, 594, 597

Hardship, 160, 164, 276, 311, 313, 328, 617

Harem, 111, 249, 334, 349

Harlot, 234, 457, 529-531, 537

"Harlot, the Great," 538

Harlotry, sacral, 375, 418, 534-548, 551-552, 558

Hate, 95, 110, 212, 217, 231-232, 238-240, 263, 299, 302, 524, 646, 653

Head, 208, 210, 431, 433-434, 465, 505; woman's, in church, 455-456, 582

Head-hunting, 13, 272, 274

Heathen, 111, 117, 224, 238-239, 488, 543, 558-559, 570, 590, 595, 616

Heloise, 228

Heredity, 84, 461, 493, 496

Heresy, 209-217, 225-251, 253-259, 626, 637

Heretic, 21, 23, 95-96, 210-220, 231-238, 240-247, 253-259, 300, 522, 623, 625-626; definition of a, 242-253

Hero, 90, 93, 95, 101, 105, 118, 174-175, 180, 198, 200, 203, 217, 255-256, 297, 324, 326, 402, 464-466, 517, 536, 543, 573, 577-581, 597, 617, 622, 631, 640-642, 650-652

Heroine, 430, 536, 613

Hervis, Romance of, 298

Hildebrand, or Gregory VII, 225-227, 229

Hindoos, 27, 73, 91-92, 362, 383, 389, 450, 457, 459, 417, 545, 588; wife, 365

Hindostan, 143, 188, 224, 332, 340, 366, 378, 442, 448, 544, 547

Historyism, 636

Hohenstaufen, 370

Holiness, 70, 213, 224-225, 255, 515, 567, 608-619

Holy, 340, 446, 505, 551; fire, 123; Ghost, 625; Land, 214, 592, 620; Office, 247, 252-259 (see Inquisition); Scriptures, 245, 340

Homer, 108-109, 154, 199, 278, 335, 465-466, 487, 510, 517, 564, 641

Honor, 82, 109, 172, 245, 258, 322-323, 356, 364, 390, 425, 438, 451-452, 457-458, 463-464, 473, 502, 541, 652

Horde, 48, 481

Horn, 120, 127, 128-129

Horses, 271, 425, 516-517

Hottentots, 269, 318, 325, 433, 460

House of Commons, 523

Howard, 114, 523

Hrotsvitha, 591

Humanitarianism, 39, 78, 98, 114, 179-181, 195-198, 203, 239, 262, 270, 287, 290, 306, 327, 468, 523

Humbug, 57, 175, 256; no, 574

Humiliati, 216-217, 622

Humility, 97, 215, 243, 366

Hungary, 92, 316, 503, 518

Hunger, 18, 33, 250, 324, 326, 331, 341, 346, 459

Huskisson, Mr., 509

Hyksos, 264

Hypocrisy, 217, 252, 255-256, 368, 601, 619, 627

Hysteria, 23, 210, 219

Ibsen, 198

Iceland, 320, 326, 408

Ideal, 32, 57, 96, 99, 137, 174-175, 186-191, 201-207, 216, 220, 223, 286, 315, 367, 371-375, 405, 415, 417, 466, 476-477, 491, 503, 505, 561, 610, 624-625, 630

Ideal man of his time, the, 624

Idealization, 202, 355-359, 362

Ignatius, 407

Ill, how to avert, 517

Ills of life, 6-8, 211, 218, 553

_Illuminati_, 197

Imagination, 32-33, 93, 98, 176, 201-202, 233, 250, 336-337

Imaginative element, 32, 649-650, 652

Imitation of the rich and great, 386

Immigrants, 86, 116, 209, 310

Immodesty, 379, 434, 437, 445

Immoral, 110, 217, 227, 418, 432, 440, 549, 585, 598

Impaling, 182, 236

Imperialism, 98, 579

_Implicita fides_, 255

Impostors, the three great, 249, 253

Improper to be seen and known, 450, 492

Impropriety, 331, 368, 418, 427, 434, 442, 451, 453-455, 458, 545, 594, 653

Inbreeding, 350, 481-482, 485-486, 492

Inca, 337, 480, 486

Incest, 109, 233-234, 318, 334, 418, 479, 483-487; what is not, 479-480, 488-489, 490-492, 551

Incestuous sects, 546

Indecent, 366, 421, 425, 428, 430, 439-440, 444, 448, 458. See Decent

India, 22, 27, 36, 71-75, 109, 113, 125, 153, 309, 315, 318, 322, 331, 352, 367, 383-385, 388, 393, 409, 428, 450, 457, 500, 516-517, 545-546, 586, 588, 611

Indians, American, 11, 48, 84, 108, 113, 121, 126, 129-131, 133, 152, 182, 186, 262, 270-272, 315, 323-324, 339, 433, 438-439, 442, 446, 454, 459, 461, 474, 483, 497-498, 549, 639

Indians of Central America, 81

Indians of Hindostan, 26, 84

Indianizing, 84

Individual, 73, 100, 107, 141, 159, 174, 181-185, 192, 194, 196, 200, 208, 220, 309, 346, 382, 463-464, 467, 469, 473

Individualism, 98, 646, 652

Individuality, 24, 43, 73, 370

Individualization, 70, 74

Industriousness, 150, 465

Inertia, 46, 75, 79

Infamy, 258, 361

Infanticide, 58, 109, 117, 174, 308-312, 316-321, 327-328, 333, 484, 553

Infibulation, 448

Ingenuity, 120-121, 126, 131-133, 481, 522, 546, 649; in torture, 465

In-group, 12, 15, 29, 116, 148, 263, 331, 333, 496, 498-500, 503

Inheritance, 76, 131, 162, 165, 245, 305, 396, 414-415, 478, 481, 495, 502, 538

Innocent III, 240, 244, 247, 392, 595

Innocent IV, 249, 254

Innocent VIII, 227, 256

Innocent XI, 600

Innovations, 87, 93, 168, 455, 609

Inquisition, 217, 222, 236, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252-259, 625

Inquisitorial process, 242

Inquisitors, 231-232, 241, 245, 249-259, 611

Inscriptions, Roman, 284, 287, 446

Institution, 15, 24-25, 35, 45-56, 67, 76-77, 82-83, 87-103, 107, 110, 118, 135, 164-169, 171, 180, 202, 205, 217, 229, 258, 267, 278, 290, 304, 342-363, 393-397, 411, 414, 470, 472, 492-506, 531-552, 571, 590, 629-635

Insult, 72, 239, 422, 453-454, 468, 542, 582, 653

Integration, 36, 230, 496, 500, 503

Intercourse, social, 111, 116, 140, 251, 344, 363, 545

Interest, aleatory, 553, 607, 627

Interest and interests, _passim_

Interest (on a loan), 273

Intergroup, 143-152, 154-155

Intermarriage, 116, 162, 486-490

"Intermediate state," the, 613

Intermezzo, 569

Intimacy, conjugal, 614

Intragroup, 143-144, 146-149, 155

Investigation, 54, 57, 123, 220, 235 236, 427, 498, 506, 637

Iphigenia, 14, 458, 467, 554

Iranians, 26, 84, 326

Irish, 143, 299, 332, 335

Iron, 187-188, 471, 517

Iroquois, 63, 235, 575

Isaiah, 191

Ishtar, 536-540, 550, 552, 562-563

Isis, 485, 585

Islam, 203, 223, 301-302, 364, 498, 503-504, 557, 620

Israel, 10, 398-399, 502, 558

Italy, 63-64, 101, 199, 215, 246, 250, 252, 256, 258-259, 292-293, 299, 447, 515, 518, 577-578, 586-589, 592, 596, 599-603, 622, 634, 643-647, 653

J, French, 139

Jahveh, 81, 398, 542, 557-558

JAI = _Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain._ See List of Books Cited

Japan, 71-75, 90, 94, 110, 123, 151, 276, 318, 364, 375, 419, 440-441, 446, 459, 461, 474, 502, 549, 586, 608

JASB = _Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay._ See List of Books Cited

Java, 149, 424, 448, 484, 535, 588

Jefferson, T., 51, 631

Jerome, 290, 360-361, 378, 390, 401

Jests, 70, 82, 113, 295, 423, 451, 472, 518, 521, 562, 576, 599, 601

Jettatura, 515-518

Jews, 14, 62, 79, 81, 93, 110, 113, 159, 218, 234, 238, 249, 257, 294, 298, 301, 313-321, 336-340, 398-400, 409, 445, 448, 456, 487, 518, 554, 559, 580, 582, 590, 595, 614-616

Joachim, Abbot of Flores, 216, 253

Jongleurs, 370, 592

Joseph II, 75, 92-93

Joy, in religion, 107; in success, 105; and pain, 105

Judas of Galilee, 219

Jugganatha, 545

Jurists, 83, 254, 302, 318, 360, 372, 470

Justice, 49, 66, 169, 209, 220, 241, 250, 254, 467, 470-471, 501, 506-507, 619

Justinian, 55, 288, 291, 319, 404-405; code of, 82. See Corpus Juris Civilis in List of Books Cited

K, 139

Kabyls, 318, 456, 489, 507, 516

Kadiveo, 315

Kaffirs, 110, 265, 269, 362, 422

_Kalevala_, the, 175

Kamerun, 345, 437, 511

_Karagoz_, 448, 587

_Kedeshim_, 542-543

_Ketubah_, 399

Killing the old, 322-331, 506-507

Kin group, 68, 131

Kingsley, Charles, 394

Kinship, 340, 352-358, 363, 383, 389, 433, 473, 479-481, 495-502, 505-590, 566

Kiss, 410, 418, 459-460; tabooed, 462

Knife, 120, 125, 127, 132, 153; sense, 125, 132; or fingers, 463

Koran, 301, 320, 455, 518

Korarima, 144

Krishna, 545, 640

_Kubisteteres_, 564

Kubus, 329, 435

Kwakiutl, 512

Labor, 26, 35, 53, 61, 105-106, 114, 118, 126, 135, 158-162, 168-169, 178, 215, 261, 268, 285, 295, 533, 594, 607, 610, 623, 627

Laborers, 178, 180, 265, 268, 272, 280, 292, 295, 304, 306, 367

Labret, 271, 434

Lamas, 224, 338

Land, 39, 45, 88, 114, 159, 161-165, 178, 183, 281, 291, 293, 351

Lateran church, 226

Lateran council, 226, 240

_Latifundia_, 281, 290, 293

Law, Roman, 81-83, 235, 238, 240, 251; canon, 82, 226, 242, 375, 380-381; Moslem, 456

_Lazarillo de Tormes_, 597

La Verna, 215, 623

Left hand, the, 474

Legends, 174, 481, 553, 561, 564, 643

Leisure, 160, 162

Leo I, 584

Leo X, 231, 647

Levant, 300

Levelers, 97, 379

Levity, 104, 137, 196, 466

Lewdness, 69, 423, 437, 543-544, 552, 652

_Lex Julia de Majestate_, 237

_Libellus dotis_, 410

Libyans, 26

License, 70, 214, 242, 346, 370, 441, 533, 537-538, 546, 548, 550, 563-564, 587, 594, 619

Lies, five allowed, 641; are great sins, 641

Life conditions, 16, 29, 32, 33, 36, 39, 49, 56, 58, 68, 75, 79, 84-85, 89, 94, 100-103, 115, 308, 310-312, 324, 326-327, 350-351; policy, 16, 29, 33-34, 59, 67, 79, 86, 96, 105, 324; problems, 79

Life, the seat of, 332-336

Li-ki, 461

Limb of tree about to fall, 516

Lincoln, Abraham, 90, 637-638

Line, where drawn, 421, 425

Lingam, 22, 450, 546-547

Liturgies, 565-566

Loafer, 106, 283

Lohengrin, 412

Loss, 58, 71, 128, 144, 423, 481, 515-516, 552, 583, 610, 614, 629, 633, 653

Louis le Hutin, 298

Louis IX, 247

Louis XIV, 11, 184

Louis XV, 470

Love, 110, 135, 199, 228, 297, 358, 361-367, 369, 371, 373, 425, 492, 526-527, 536, 555, 562, 588, 591, 596-597, 619, 652

Love stories, 278, 362

Lovers, 550, 562, 576, 596, 650

Love-wife, 355

Loyalty, 13, 15, 96, 246, 286, 296, 355, 422, 650

Luciferans, 218

Lucius III, 242

Lucius Verus, 286

Luck, 6, 7, 8, 11, 41, 396, 411, 478, 484, 485, 509, 515-516, 518-519, 583, 608, 610, 627, 645

Ludovico il Moro, 651

Lupanar, 208, 529-531, 581

Lust, 198, 235, 255, 529, 536, 648-650; of conquest, 464; of cruelty, 523

Luxury, 45, 53, 151, 160, 164-165, 189, 198, 208, 235, 319, 351, 362, 368-369, 444, 451-452, 465, 558, 603, 606-607, 609, 613-614, 616, 621, 625-627

Lynching, 20, 24, 115, 221, 234, 238, 244, 248, 260, 470

_Lysistrata_, 564

Madagascar, 25, 317, 322, 461, 484, 512

Magic, 4, 5, 7, 61, 123, 135, 419, 433, 435, 446-447, 510, 519, 535, 539, 548, 555, 563, 621

Mahabharata, the, 175, 203, 365, 388-389, 640

Maintenon, Madame de, 602

_Maiuma_, 584

Malatesta, Gismondo, 647

Malay, 273, 358, 442, 459

Males, 343, 367, 370, 429, 432, 436, 468, 535, 546

Males and females, proportion of, 107; traits of, 344

Man, the common, 50, 205-206; and wife, 349, 403, 407, 410, 413; the modern, 87; of talent, 163, 183-184, 266; on-the-curbstone, 14, 98, 206; as-he-should-be, 174, 191, 203-206

Manias, 22-23, 57, 210-211, 216-221, 337, 611, 621, 626, 638, 652

Manichæans, 210, 218, 237, 243, 259, 392

Man-woman and woman-man, 534

Marcus Aurelius, 175, 292, 390, 569, 584

Marduk, 486

Marius, 282, 404, 583

Marks of ownership, 276, 468

Marriage, child, 382-386, 389, 390; clerical, 225-229, 391; pair, 359, 361, 371-373, 377; with a tree, 393

Married, duly, 374, 408, 479, 484-485, 490; not, 479-490

Mass phenomena, 2, 8, 16, 19-20, 23, 34-35, 184, 200, 202, 210-212, 347

Matrimony, 67, 202, 349, 369, 403

Mawl, the holy, 326

Mbayas, 13, 271

Meaning, 578, 647; lacking, 178, 189

Meat food, 329, 340, 346, 456, 546, 608, 612-613, 616-617

Medea, 467, 471, 581

Medici, Gian Angelo, 118

Medicine men, 64, 123, 146, 161, 179

Melanesia, 144, 150, 156, 188, 272, 314, 325, 334, 339, 454, 458, 516

Memory, 78, 80, 134, 219

Mendicant orders, 212, 215-217, 248, 623-624, 626

Menstruation, 511-512

Merceria, 189

Meretrices, 256, 369, 584

Merovingians, 99-100

Meteorology, 190, 555

Mexicans, 127, 536-537, 543, 548, 553-554

Mexico, 66, 148, 271, 337, 483, 548, 555, 563, 578, 586

Michael Angelo, 647-648, 651-652

Micronesians, 339, 341

Middle Ages, 15-52, 82-94, 135, 160-161, 182, 211-235, 240-259, 281, 297-298, 320, 337, 340-341, 371, 391, 401, 408-428, 443, 460, 469, 503, 522-531, 550, 564-569, 592-601, 621-647

_Miles gloriosus_, 601

Militancy, 63, 66, 73-74, 88, 98, 104, 113, 160, 393, 579

Milk, 322, 339, 495, 517

_Milte_, 204

Mimus, 447, 449, 577-578, 580, 582, 586-588, 595, 600-601

Minne, 368

Miracles, 591, 593, 621, 623

Misery, 100, 114, 210, 214, 221, 251, 281, 292, 313, 381, 387, 391, 523, 536, 585, 633, 648

Misfortune, 6, 107, 235, 251, 287, 387, 424, 561, 572, 609

"Missionary-made man," 112, 629

Missions, 76, 108, 111-113, 317

Mithra, 585

Mob, 53, 238, 244, 571

Mockery of Christianity, 582

Mode, mathematical, 42, 44, 50

Modesty, 57, 195, 199, 287, 394, 418-427, 429-435, 441, 443, 453-459, 575, 648

_Moeurs_, 37

Mohammed, 26, 249, 301, 363, 378, 391, 428, 455, 504-505, 517, 620; uncle of, 335

Mohammedanism, 61, 111, 117, 149, 210, 303, 383-384, 388, 435, 441, 451, 454, 456, 507, 510

Mohammedans. See Moslems

_Momaria_, 599

Monks, 62, 204, 619, 622, 647

Monogamy, 110, 112, 352-353, 357, 368, 374, 402-403

Mores, _passim_

Moses, 85, 94, 249, 399, 430, 487

Moslems, 185, 203, 249, 269, 297, 303, 474, 503, 557, 620, 636-637

Mother, goddess, 545; of the gods, 542-543, 563; becomes a wife, 484-489

Mother family, 109, 112, 317, 324, 343, 354-355, 358, 377, 467, 479, 494, 550

Mourning, 366, 455, 512, 608

Mungo Park, 268

Murder, 182, 241, 267, 269, 320, 325, 467, 496, 498, 500, 506, 648-650; of strangers, 109

Murderer, 156, 496, 499-502

Murner, T., 369

Museum, 123-125, 126, 131, 149, 338

Mutilation, 239, 429, 465, 608

Mystery, 7, 44, 432, 481, 536-537, 540, 545, 564-568, 593-599, 613, 617; plays, 580-581

Mystics, 108, 153, 220, 253, 319, 567, 612

Myth, 10, 14, 31, 35, 103, 105, 143, 174, 177, 275, 441, 464-465, 536, 550, 561, 563-565; making, 642

Nagas, 339, 454, 500

Nairs, 353; polyandry amongst the, 352

Naked, 214, 429, 436-438, 441; to sleep, 442, 445, 450; until marriage, 438-439; a lady, 441

Nakedness, 69, 429-431, 435-440, 452, 455, 652

Name, 14, 139, 370, 453-454, 462, 516-518; of Christ, 243

Naples, 258, 409, 444, 530, 581, 586, 600, 650

Napoleon, 87-88, 168, 184, 519

Nation, 43, 68, 107, 113, 154, 196, 500, 635

_Natit_, 441

Nature and nurture, 74

Nature peoples. See Primitive man

Nazarites, 615

Necessity, 160, 179, 241, 522

Needs, 2, 6, 33-35, 46, 55, 59, 73, 95, 99, 102, 117, 132-136, 140, 142, 164, 197, 230, 246, 261, 265-266, 311, 324, 327, 349, 395, 445, 451, 510, 568, 603

Negroes, 48, 64, 78, 110-112, 132, 139, 234, 265-269, 299, 305, 436, 441, 456, 459, 474, 572, 578, 601

Neighbor, 147-148, 308, 311, 456, 498, 504

Nero, 237, 283, 286, 289, 584

Netherlands, 97, 526-527

New Britain, 140, 150, 314, 330, 382, 436, 438

New countries, 42

New England, 85, 97, 108, 210, 304, 310, 416, 634

New Guinea, 13, 122, 140, 147, 314-317, 436, 500

New Hebrides, 149-150, 314, 334, 433, 459

New South Wales, 119

New Testament, 81, 236, 266, 337, 381, 400, 402, 513, 559

New York, 156, 234, 498

New Zealand, 316, 323, 329

Newspapers, 48, 50, 52, 176-177, 425, 579, 631-632

Newquay, 455

Nibelungen, 175, 370, 412, 641

Niccolo de' Lapi, 430

Nicholas I of Russia, 192

Nicholas I, pope, 237

Nicholas II, pope, 227

Nicholas V, pope, 299

Night visits, 525-526, 529

Njal, 642

Nobles, 73, 83, 92, 94, 143, 162-166, 184, 264, 286, 295, 300, 370, 374, 376, 442, 573, 590, 644, 650, 653

Nomads rule tillers, 203, 264

Novels, 180, 191, 198, 202, 207, 220; picaresque, 597-598

Nullification, 258

Nuns, 62, 420, 426, 462, 526, 591

Oasis cultivation, 535

Oaths, 153, 196, 243, 615, 640

Ob river, 445

Obscene, 434, 441, 446-450, 472, 517, 546, 548, 570, 584, 598-599, 602-603

Obscenity, 250, 255, 370, 445, 449-451, 471-472, 522, 569, 581, 590, 607, 652

Obtrusiveness, 184, 447

Occident, 6, 71, 91, 428, 431, 435, 499

Offal eaten, 339

Offspring, to get vigorous, 351, 481, 484, 489, 496

Olbos, 104, 204

Old, the, 11, 602, 653; murder of, 109, 502

Old Testament, 69, 79, 154, 203, 372, 397, 487, 513, 543, 558, 614

Olecranon, pierced, 191

Omissions, 143; edifying, 635

Opera bouffe, 572-573

Opportunity, 41, 108, 111, 118, 121, 132, 163, 171, 198, 239, 284, 355, 357, 397, 421-422, 481, 620, 629, 634

Optimism, 75, 101, 107, 141, 163, 198

Opulence, 104, 204

Ordeal, 240, 519

Orders, Holy, 391

Orestes, 109, 207, 467, 498, 614

Orgiastic religion, 107

Orient, 6, 91, 511

Orientals, 57, 111, 185, 426, 431, 435, 440, 455, 460

Origins, 7, 14, 25-26, 54-55, 123, 131-135, 146, 176, 202, 217, 421, 463

Ornament, 133, 142, 146-152, 186-189, 425-429, 433, 437, 439, 446, 517

Orthodoxy, 95, 217, 237, 239, 243, 631-632

Osiris, 485

Ossetes, 484, 502

Ossetin, 454

Ostracism, 72

Other-than-expected person, an, 91

Others-group, 12

Other-worldliness, 26, 29, 101, 212, 393

Outbreeding, 481-482

Out-group, 12, 116, 143, 263, 331, 334, 498, 500

Overconsciousness, 450

Overpopulation, 212, 550, 562

Ox, 554

Paganism, 116, 224, 238, 256, 361, 405, 424, 582, 645

Pair marriage, 76, 357, 363

Palau Islands, 143, 151, 358, 422, 436, 454

Pantaleone, 580, 602-603

_Pantins_, 448, 588

Papacy, 87, 222, 225, 227, 230-231, 258-259, 595

Papuans, 13, 187, 314, 358, 435, 438-439

Paraguay, 138, 188, 325

Parenthood, 373

Parents and children, 11, 22, 84, 205, 214, 322-324, 328, 332, 454, 494

Parents-in-law, 365-366, 453-454

Pariahs, 113

Paris, 189, 250, 298, 427, 579, 593, 596, 600, 602

Parsee, 513

Party, 18, 22-23, 53, 88, 95-96, 115, 230, 232-233, 242, 355, 468, 470, 524, 579, 605, 618, 635-636, 640

Passion, 99, 110, 118, 168, 176, 198, 212-213, 221, 235, 240, 362-364, 368, 432, 465, 468, 522, 526, 571, 581, 595

Paston, Margaret, 369

Pathos, 180-181, 223, 375, 579

Patins, 189

Patmore, Coventry, 371

_Patria potestas_, 289

Paul III, 595

Paul the Apostle, 208, 400

Pawn slave, 269, 273-276, 305

Peace, 12, 29, 48-49, 66, 77, 147, 150-151, 222, 228, 249, 280-281, 288, 328, 346, 373, 456, 474, 496-500, 504, 572, 577, 584; the king's, 507-508

Peace bond, 499, 503-504, 507

Peace group, 13

Peace pact, 63

Peasants, 47, 83-89, 100, 140, 168, 184, 207, 218, 245, 281, 291, 294, 302, 328, 338, 376, 413

_Peculium_, 277

Pederasty, 418

Pedro II of Aragon, 247

Penance, 160, 213, 399, 414, 443, 548

People, the, 51, 86-89, 98, 116, 161, 167, 176-177, 189, 222, 225, 231, 245-246, 251, 283, 475, 480, 492, 501, 525-526, 534, 540, 637

Peoples, 82, 91, 113, 362, 418-419, 425

Persecution, 95-97, 236, 238-241, 243-248, 252, 260, 470

Persia, 62, 210, 236, 398, 448, 465, 486, 586, 641

Persistency, 75, 79-87, 92, 107, 114, 121, 125, 393, 538-540

Peru, 152

Peruvians, 337, 486

Perversions, 620

Pessimism, 75, 101, 103, 198, 606

Pestilence, 24, 32, 105, 235, 308, 318, 648

Peter and Paul, 241

Peter of Ravenna, 254

Peter the Great, 74, 88-89

Pets, 190, 424; women as, 297, 358, 466

Phallus, 447-449, 517, 537, 547, 577

Phantasms, 7, 22, 61, 93, 114, 137, 177, 201-202, 205, 221, 231, 469-470, 583, 589, 633, 649

Pharaohs, 191, 480, 590

Philip of Macedon, 143

Philip IV of France, 23, 241, 250, 257, 298, 301, 593

Philip II of Spain, 249, 600

Philistion, 577, 580

Play, 197

Powers, superior, 240, 333, 340, 396, 484, 509-511, 515

Prayers, 62, 220, 337, 406, 465, 484, 609-610, 620

Preaching, 95, 201, 214, 216, 225, 242, 449, 594, 614, 618, 623, 643

_Précieuses_, 197

Prejudice, 25, 50-52, 97-98, 110, 200, 229, 492, 521, 633, 636, 647

Prelates, 216, 256, 623, 626

Prerogative, 99, 340, 376, 463, 508

Priest, 226-227, 229-230, 267, 338, 397-398, 406-416, 534, 541, 544, 557, 565, 592, 613, 616, 622, 626, 630

Priestess, harlot, 536-537, 543

Primitive man, 5, 6, 25-26, 29, 54, 122, 133, 136, 224, 226, 492-493, 499, 562

Primitive society, 2, 12, 60, 65

Priscillian, 237

Prisoners, 569, 572, 575, 625; made slaves, 270, 272-273

Privileged persons, 258, 372

Privileges, of women, 466; of soldiers, 548

_Probenächte_, 413

Procedure, 242, 247, 508, 532; Roman criminal, 241

Procreation, 103, 310, 315, 345, 399-400; notions about, 467, 494, 496-497, 616

Profanity, 196, 340, 488, 645

Progress, 4, 21, 49, 101, 103, 141, 312, 604

Prohibitory laws, 115

Proletariat, 42, 284, 286

Promiscuity, 345, 357

Promise, 639-640; marriage, 357, 409

Property, 50, 54, 64-65, 68, 76, 82-83, 85, 110, 112, 125, 131-132, 142, 215, 239, 243, 251, 270, 299, 322, 350-355, 362, 374, 378, 381, 384-388, 396, 403, 406-415, 441, 458, 492, 502, 506, 521-522, 551, 594, 615, 622-625

Prophet, 52, 81, 102, 397, 448, 513, 558-559

Proportion, numerical, of the sexes, 550

Proportion of men to food, 535

Propriety, 57, 69, 231, 358, 386, 393, 418-421, 428, 441, 452-455, 458, 462-466, 472-473, 480, 521, 525, 546-547, 560, 564, 572, 584, 598, 603

Prosperity, 6, 51, 84, 100-107, 117, 123, 141, 198, 364, 386, 398, 483-484, 503, 515-516, 519, 538, 609, 641

Prostitutes, 100, 318, 368, 423, 529, 534, 538, 542-543, 549, 563

Protestant, 371, 400, 531, 598, 635

Provence, 392

Provision for children, 317, 320-321, 539

_Pseudo-Querolus_, 581, 591

PSM = _Popular Science Monthly_

Ptolemies, 480, 485-486

Puberty, 67, 354, 383-385

Publicity, 400, 405, 415, 573

Pudenda, 436

Pulchinella, 581

Punch, 580-581, 587, 589, 597

Punch-and-Judy show, 577, 589

Punishments, 56, 108, 209-210, 212, 217, 221, 232-235, 237-240, 251, 283, 314, 428, 440, 456, 461, 470, 486, 506, 508, 522-523, 612

Purchase in marriage, 109, 355-357

Purificatory ritual, 123, 503, 512-515

Purity, 226, 371, 557, 611; ritual, 608, 617, 619

Pygmies, 329

Pythagoreans, 566, 613, 615

Quakers, 96, 184, 210, 426, 582

Quarrel, 150, 215, 484, 498, 500, 503, 506-507, 517, 621

Queen Anne, 114, 523

Queen of Heaven, the, 558

Queen Joanna, 530

_Queesten_, 527

Quiet, 611

_Qvern_, 297

Rabelais, 578

Race, 43, 74-78, 118, 139, 187, 190, 263, 422, 473, 490, 493, 544

_Races maudites_, 113

_Ramayana_, 588

Ramses II, 485

Rank, 11, 143, 151, 159, 363, 375, 406, 408, 414-415, 490

RAS = Royal Asiatic Society

Ratio of population to land, 162

Rationalism, 193, 223, 506, 555

Rationality, 80, 105, 473

Raymond of Toulouse, 245

Reactions, 34, 95, 131, 174, 196, 231, 256, 309, 371, 463, 473, 553, 605, 627, 630, 634-635

Reality, 32, 47, 57, 114, 190, 198, 201-202, 463, 469, 470, 583, 632

Reason and conscience, 15, 95, 118

Rechabites, 615

Recollects, 216, 626

Reconstruction of religion, 540

Redeemer-God, 104

Redemption, 103, 148, 154, 554, 556-557

Redistribution of population, 114

Reference, egoistic, 211

Refinement, 45, 94, 116, 347, 452, 465, 511, 522, 573-574

Reform, 66, 73, 81, 86, 89, 92, 113-117, 167, 179, 193, 198-199, 214, 217, 223, 226, 229, 234, 389, 455, 492, 523, 540

Reformation, 222, 543, 557, 617, 645, 647

Reinecke Fuchs, 179, 564

Relations, of the sexes, 353, 369, 373, 422-423, 460; of man and wife, 354-358, 366-368, 372-373, 381, 403, 454-455

Relics, 138, 168, 620

Religion, folk, 104

Religion, the, of Jahveh, 81

Religions, 160, 163, 224, 617, 620

Remarriage, 380-381, 387, 389-393, 416

Renaissance, the, 22, 47, 93-101, 175, 197, 203, 256, 375, 592, 601, 643-653

Rent, 36, 178, 267, 293

Reprobation of second marriage, 391-392, 471

Reproduction, 102, 106, 347-348, 362, 432, 447, 450, 492, 497, 534, 539-540, 543, 550, 552, 562

Resentment of the mother, 312

Residue assimilated, 113

Responsibility, 41, 53-54, 168, 185, 239, 248, 333, 400, 410, 501, 505, 507, 519, 594

Restrictions, 255, 277, 310, 321, 345, 380, 416, 480, 491-492, 573

Revenge, 212, 309, 333-334, 464, 466, 468, 496, 499, 500, 505-508

Revival, 23, 81, 225, 237-238, 471, 537, 593, 620

Revolt, 109, 165, 182, 258, 264, 280-281, 318-319, 370, 377, 522, 531, 558, 611, 644

Revolution, 75, 86, 90, 112, 118, 167, 169, 286, 371, 634, 653; the French, 53, 86, 167-168, 579; the English, 87; the American, 470, 523, 528; ecclesiastical, 86; beneficence of, 87

Rich and great, 202, 380, 403, 409

Rich and poor, 269, 452, 595

Rich men, 161, 164, 188, 245, 251, 515, 573, 578, 634

Right and left sides, 71

Right and wrong, 27-29, 38, 58, 65-66, 79, 85, 94-95, 115, 132, 168, 170-171, 184-185, 215, 231, 313, 353, 356, 372-375, 393-394, 399-420, 427, 446, 473, 482, 522, 524, 531-534, 564, 570, 584, 606, 611, 617, 632

Rights and duties, 8, 28-29, 55, 65-68, 77, 82-85, 93, 103, 159, 166, 178, 232, 258, 346, 349, 353-356, 372, 382, 384, 395-396, 403-404, 413-414, 431, 493-495, 497, 506-507, 531, 551, 574, 582, 614, 627, 653

Ritual, 31, 60-65, 80-87, 92-97, 112, 123, 160, 168, 194, 212, 219, 255-256, 290, 313, 333, 337, 339, 372, 374, 397, 407-411, 437, 447, 457, 460-461, 472, 511-515, 524, 537, 539-540, 554, 565-567, 612, 615, 617, 629, 643

Roman Catholics, 218, 257, 371, 400, 407

Roman system, 81, 100

Romans, 81-82, 103-104, 106, 154, 160, 182, 282-283, 288, 302, 318, 375, 447-449, 543, 556, 569-571, 583

Rome, 36, 62, 99, 101, 107, 180, 184, 208, 217, 222, 226-227, 230, 235, 246, 256, 258, 278-279, 281, 283, 292, 319, 358, 361, 390, 402, 409, 449, 471, 474, 510, 512, 518, 529, 568-570, 578, 583, 586, 643, 649, 651

Rope dancers, 601

Routine, 46, 48, 50, 62, 562

Royalty, 350, 573, 651

Rubbing, 127-128

Rudolf of Hapsburg, 460

Rural population, 55, 300

Russia, 14, 71, 74, 88-90, 113, 192, 210, 298, 332, 367, 488, 518, 548, 634-636

Sacerdotalism, 225, 644

_Sachsenspiegel_, 82

Sacrament, 160, 217, 226, 229, 336, 340, 384, 406, 411, 414-415, 643

Sacrifice, human, 274, 336-337, 534, 538-539, 553-555; and cannibalism, 336-338; sacramental and vicarious, 337-338; foundation, 270

Sadducees, 515

Sahara, 18, 264, 305-306, 368, 423

Saint, 156, 205, 586, 591-592, 617, 645; Acheul, 125; Albans, 592; Angelo, 648; Catharine, 592; Louis, 594; Mark, 593

Saliva, 192, 457, 512

Sanitation, 209, 306, 510

Sansculottism, 169

Satan, 218, 590

Satire, 191-192, 200, 573-579, 590, 593-595, 602

_Saturae_, 568-569

Saturnalia, 70, 545, 575, 590

Savages, 48, 111, 125, 189, 198, 241, 309, 323, 350, 354, 382, 396, 426, 429, 481-482, 497, 524, 535, 570

Savitri, 203

Scandinavians, 122, 154, 256, 295, 297, 408, 488, 502, 526-527, 543

_Scenario_, 602

Scholar, 98, 197, 557

_Scholasticus_, 580

Science, 15, 27, 29, 41, 69, 86, 103, 136-137, 163, 178, 193, 201, 232, 468, 474, 490, 540

Science of society, 34, 38, 118

Scotland, 385, 527, 529

Scriptures, the Holy, 380, 515, 567

Scriptures, Jewish canonical, 515

Scriptures, Vedic, 544

Sect, 39, 75, 87, 95-97, 104, 175, 198, 210, 217-218, 223-224, 234, 238-239, 288, 381-382, 416, 430, 448, 463, 470, 524, 526, 546, 566-568, 604-609, 613-620, 625, 636, 642

Seduction, 386, 528, 582

Seemliness, 421, 463-471

Seger _vs._ Slingerland, 528

Selection, 2, 6, 9, 31, 49, 94, 97, 103, 106, 115-116, 121, 135, 173-174, 179, 182-184, 191-192, 195-200, 205, 207-211, 220-223, 229-233, 238, 241, 252, 255, 258-260, 317, 373, 464, 481, 490-491, 495, 610, 628, 631

Self-absorption, 344

Self-confidence, 107, 163, 401, 519

Self-control, 197, 204, 336, 359, 390, 465

Self-decoration, 202

Self-defense a crime, 245

Self-deformation, 186

Self-denial, 171, 215, 606-608, 624

Self-discipline, 205, 340, 359, 379, 593, 607-610

Self-education, 201, 206

Self-government, 167

Self-immolation, 210, 548

Self-indulgence, 198, 607

Self-perpetuation, 473

Self-realization, 7, 40, 49, 62, 68, 373, 381-382, 396, 490

Self-seeking, 217, 466, 574

Sell wife or child, 297, 299, 301, 317, 320, 322

Semites, 81, 103, 107, 340, 362, 455, 459, 553, 555, 557

Seneca, 175, 199, 208, 283, 287, 290, 318-319, 569

Sensuality, 110, 137, 212, 223, 255, 285, 351, 372, 399, 400, 422, 426, 441, 447, 521, 539, 541, 550, 557-559, 570, 575, 583, 609, 611, 616, 618, 627, 651

Sequence, 33-34, 124, 349

Seri, 14, 17, 125, 132, 497

Servites, 216, 624

Sextus IV, 256

Sforza, Caterina, 650

Shaman, 325, 337, 511, 567

Shame, 109-110, 116, 251, 314, 320-321, 381, 391, 420, 424-428, 433-435, 440, 452, 468, 530, 547, 554, 581, 584, 650

Shamelessness, 487, 530, 545, 618

Shield, pubic, 432-433, 438

Shinto, 91, 123, 608

Shows, 159, 193, 195, 250, 574, 604

Siam, 142-143, 488

Siberia, 88, 461

Sicily, 236, 247, 281, 487, 542, 589

Sikkim, 338

Simeon of Jerusalem, 236

Sister, 112, 484; becomes wife, 482-485, 489-490; two taken to wife, 485, 487-488; abuses brother for good luck, 516

Sitting or squatting, 191, 323, 461

Six Nations, 270

Slap the thigh, 512, 514

Slave owner, no one fit to be, 305

Slave trade, 265, 270, 273-274, 298-300, 304; suspended in time of calamity, 300

Slavery, 58, 64, 90, 106, 109-111, 114-117, 156, 161, 164, 174, 178, 261-280, 282-307, 516, 540, 615

Slaves, 4, 12, 14, 83, 90, 144-145, 152-153, 176, 178, 188, 208, 234, 236, 266, 269-270, 272-273, 277, 280, 293, 298, 300, 315, 352, 374-375, 414, 529, 541-542, 551-552, 565, 568, 575, 584

Slavs, 326, 366-367, 453, 518

Snakes as food, 339, 341, 511, 522, 548

"Snares to the soul," 609

_Sozialpolitik_, 38, 97-98

Socrates, 572, 578

Solicitation, base, 369

Solomon Islands, 150-151, 157, 187, 272, 325, 330, 441

Son, 367, 388, 454, 486, 544, 553-554

Sorcery, 183, 209, 211, 237, 241-242, 281, 333, 337, 429, 510, 558, 591

_Sot, le_, 596

Soul, 74, 103, 216, 243, 274, 321, 332-333, 338, 424, 535-536, 566-567, 612-613, 615, 623

Southern states of the United States, 77, 90, 306

Spain, 62, 139, 246, 256-257, 281, 299, 320, 350, 560, 596, 626, 634

Spectacle, 571-572, 592

Spee, Count Frederick von, 241

Spermatorrhea, 418

Spirits, 397, 411, 446, 468-469, 497, 510, 512, 518, 547, 554, 567, 617

Spirituals, 216, 625

Spit, 209, 421, 430, 454, 517-518

Sport, 70, 121, 140

Sports, 56, 159, 162, 207, 250, 471, 572, 583, 586, 599, 639

Spouses, 358, 360-361, 364-365, 368, 379, 381, 397, 404-406, 409, 411, 413, 458-459, 482, 599

Staff, breaking one's, 495

Stairs, going up or down, 132

Standard of living, 164, 171-172, 310

State, 8, 15, 36, 49, 51-52, 54, 63, 66, 68, 83, 87-88, 97-98, 101, 103, 115, 117, 144, 151, 154, 162, 166-167, 169, 208-209, 217, 222, 228, 230, 239, 246, 264, 278, 289, 292, 297-298, 316, 352, 372, 374, 382, 393, 400, 404, 413-414, 464, 470-471, 478, 503-508, 537, 549, 582, 618-619, 644

Statecraft, 59, 470, 646

Statesman, 64, 87, 97, 117, 206, 229, 289, 478, 646

Status, 13, 55, 63, 66-67, 163, 287, 292-293, 354-355, 375, 413-414, 503, 551, 562, 574; of women, 117

Status-wife, 355

Statute _de heretico comburendo_, 256-257

Steal, get into the, 115, 170, 634

Steam, 266, 284, 451-452

Stews, 531

Stone-implement making, 125, 130, 132

Stranger, 505, 541-542, 544

Strife, 222, 246, 470, 503, 582

Struggle, 49, 106, 134, 164, 393, 416, 423, 464, 647; for existence, 2, 7, 12, 16, 29, 34, 61, 106, 107, 123, 131, 146, 151, 157-159, 162-164, 183, 265-266, 269, 276, 309, 311, 327-328, 345, 347-348, 351, 629

Stupidity, 4, 80, 423, 573, 580

Success, 5, 7, 39, 41, 105, 107, 113-114, 117, 123, 130, 161, 170, 174, 195, 202, 212, 253, 255-256, 334, 447, 509, 516, 555, 629, 636-639, 641, 646-652

Suffering, 181-182, 212, 235, 471, 522, 524, 553, 624

_Suffering Christ, the_, 581

Suicide, 21, 103-105, 107, 212, 219, 313, 327, 401, 453, 572, 581, 607, 630

Sumatra, 154, 273, 329, 435

Superstition, 21, 25, 32-33, 93, 100, 119, 135, 155, 211, 219, 237, 334, 338, 353, 419, 427, 429, 432-433, 439, 451, 482, 489, 492, 496, 509, 516-518, 520, 562, 565, 572, 585, 593, 603, 633, 640, 646, 649-650

Surname, 502

Sweden, 297, 503

Switzerland, 127, 129, 527

Sycophancy, 100, 163

Symbiosis, 17

Syncretism, 76, 115-116, 405, 474, 489, 537, 559, 565, 568

Synod of Westminster, 411

Syphilis, 443, 531, 536

System of philosophy, 85, 262, 271, 304, 334, 343, 354, 378, 386, 411-412, 460, 467, 469, 539, 549, 593, 625, 628, 633-634, 643-644

Taboo, 17-18, 26, 28-31, 35, 55-56, 68, 70, 80, 84, 86, 99, 100, 146, 207-209, 232, 235, 309, 333, 343, 348, 465-472, 479-492, 499, 510-514, 521-526, 534, 537, 547, 551-552, 558, 570, 573-574, 603, 606, 611, 613, 616, 621

Tacitus, 100, 318

Talent, 19, 40-41, 154, 183, 230, 334, 491

Taro, 123

Tartar, 88, 332, 334

Tarrying, 528

Tasmania, 124-125, 127, 339

Tattoo, 133, 152, 202

Taxpayers, 48, 99, 628

Teacher and pupil, 52, 112-113, 117, 201, 545, 631, 633

Teeth, 120, 125, 150, 203, 317

Templars, 23, 241, 257, 470, 637

Temples, 234, 541, 611, 613-615

Tenth child eaten, 333

Terence, 591

Terrorism, 106, 253

Teutons, 116, 282, 320, 322, 571

Theater, 69, 159, 191, 255, 561-570, 580-582, 591-595, 601-603

Theologians, the Nicene, 581

Therapeuts, 294, 526

Those-who-have-not, 101, 106

Thrall, 295, 297

Tiberius, the emperor, 237, 577; the proconsul, 556

Tie, sacred, 110, 269, 498-499, 506; of a woman to a man, 348

Till Eulenspiegel, 597

Timotheists, 215, 623

Tobacco, 197, 304

Togo, 267, 317, 351, 437

Toleration, 68-70, 93, 96, 185, 232, 245, 257, 450, 472, 521, 529, 531, 565, 574, 594

Toothbrush, 457

Torres Straits, 317, 439

Torture, 114, 118, 176, 182, 193, 210, 212, 217, 232-241, 245, 250, 254-255, 255, 260, 262, 274, 276, 280, 294, 297, 323, 388, 401, 450, 464, 470-474, 522-523, 570, 583, 625

Totem, 440-441, 497

Totemism, 26, 354, 568

Trade, 146-147, 149, 154-155, 157, 161, 169, 175, 193, 195, 285, 608

Trades union, 53, 96, 178, 463

Training, 60, 71-72, 120, 125, 196, 394, 460, 468, 633-634

Traitor, 21, 95, 232, 242, 392; eaten, 334

Transcendentalism, 220

Transgressions, 251

Transmission of culture, 91, 635

Transubstantiation, 223

Travel, 15, 27, 78, 108, 112, 195, 224, 310, 433, 440, 455, 457, 512

Treasure of salvation, 213

Tree felled with stone ax, 128-131

Tree married, 389

Trent, Council of, 228

Tribe, 43, 68, 146, 151, 331, 354, 356, 358, 422, 498, 504-505

Tricks, 136, 179, 191, 283, 449, 640

Trullo, 589

Truth, 27-28, 38, 79, 97, 113, 132, 171, 181, 184, 194, 200, 210, 217, 220, 225, 238, 240-241, 343, 361, 400, 418, 435, 464, 470, 473, 489, 616, 640-642, 643

Truth = fidelity, 361

Truthfulness, 639-640, 643, 645

Trygve Olafson, 297

Tsar, 88

Tshi-speaking peoples, 512

Tuaregs, 264, 339, 423, 426-427

Tunguses, 14, 84, 441, 461

Tupis, 13, 325, 332

Turks, 236, 302-303, 335, 448, 462, 587

Tuscany, 292, 543

Twins, 316, 318, 484, 596

"Two-child system," 321

Tyrannicide, 180, 649

Tyranny, 71, 106, 221, 230, 261, 372, 437, 464, 523, 575, 626

Tyre, 339, 443, 557

Ukrain, the, 367, 527

Ulpian, 241, 284, 360

_Unam sanctam_, the bull, 259

Uncle, maternal, 324

Unclean beasts, 615

Unclean, ritually, 512-515

Uncleanness, 25, 110, 340, 399, 509-511, 513-515, 546, 567, 615

Uncultivated land, 80, 105, 306, 562

Underpopulation, 194, 311

Unedifying plays, 591

Unfree, the, 83, 281, 295

United States, 14, 63, 66, 86-90, 102, 110, 113, 127, 167, 169-170, 180, 352, 471, 479, 503, 525, 589, 628, 636; National Museum of the, 14, 323, 353, 423, 434, 479, 512

Unity of a group, 429, 477, 504

Universities, 206, 632, 634, 636

Unmarried, 358, 401, 421, 438; compelled to remain, 351

Unreality, 160, 232, 362, 478, 578

Unsanitary, 509

_Unsitten_, 476-477

Upsala, 295, 499

Upstarts, 163-164

Urban population, 55

Urbino, 598

Uriah Heep, 179, 580

Usage, 57

Use, 116, 125, 127, 130, 146, 169-170, 176, 215-216, 235; use and wont, 8, 35, 62, 79, 108, 494, 523, 547

Useful, not shameful, 651

Usury, 209

Utopia, 303-304

Vagabonds, 320, 370, 598

Valentinian, 293

Valois, 298

Value, 39, 40-41, 43-44, 53, 58, 97, 101, 104, 110, 131, 135, 143-144, 147-148, 154-155, 163, 165, 171, 175-176, 178, 210, 241, 263, 356, 359, 362, 461, 473, 535, 558, 628-629, 638, 640, 650

Vandals, 557, 586

Vanity, 119, 133, 142, 155, 165, 182, 187, 200, 202, 208, 213, 219, 235, 238, 242, 261-262, 293, 334, 346, 359, 387, 419, 424-429, 433, 466, 482, 507-508, 579, 630, 647

Varieties, 126-127, 146, 208, 300, 363, 417, 421, 473

Vatican, 227, 627

Veddahs, 339, 357, 484

Vedic age, 326, 486, 545, 641

Veil and veiling, 363, 386, 420-422, 425-427, 454, 456, 515, 517

Vengeance, 209, 221, 233-236, 250, 334-335, 465, 502, 536, 649

Venice, 63, 74, 183, 189, 256, 258-259, 300, 350, 352, 593, 599, 602-603

Verification, 55, 84, 97, 177, 181, 201, 354, 473, 481, 606, 632-633

Vespasian, 292, 583

Viceroys, Spanish, 258

View, the anterior and posterior, 65-66

Views of life, 228, 428, 475, 534

Village, Russian, 368

Villanage, 85, 92

Violate, 399, 546, 563, 574, 626-627

Virago, 648

Virgin and virginity, 226-227, 235, 353, 358-359, 389-390, 392, 401-402, 485, 525, 616

Virgin Mary, the, 385, 401-402, 414, 472

Virgin wife and mother, 385, 540

_Virtù_, 648

Visconti, Gian Galeazzo, 64

Visit to newly married, 409

Visits, 229, 430, 462

Vivez, Louis, 254

Void _ab initio_, 380

Voluptuous, 198, 557, 569

Vow, 226, 542, 544-546, 609, 614-615, 619

Vulgar and Vulgarity, 141, 164, 260, 447-449, 471, 572, 650

Wages, 36, 164, 169, 178-179, 193, 263, 267, 269, 273

Waldenses, 217-218

Wall Street, 176-177

War, 5, 12-13, 28, 32, 35, 49, 54, 63, 65-66, 71, 74, 77, 80, 83, 88, 90, 95-96, 100-101, 103-106, 116, 134, 150, 156, 164-165, 178, 183, 190, 212, 229, 231, 235, 244, 263, 266-272, 289, 299, 301, 308, 318, 325, 328, 335, 343, 354-355, 362, 422, 468, 498, 500-504, 508, 526, 538, 554, 561, 568, 582, 598, 608, 615-621, 638, 648

War captive, 262, 268, 270-278, 295, 305, 338, 467, 543, 552-553, 583

Watchwords, 15, 21, 176-179, 181, 476

Ways, 108-111, 114-118, 129, 235, 349, 464, 470, 472, 474, 481, 561-562, 578-579, 598, 609-610, 648

Wealth, 45, 104, 145, 147, 158-166, 168-171, 204, 207, 285-286, 362, 375-377, 415, 444, 452, 483, 490-491, 502, 528, 558, 568, 583, 603, 615-616, 619, 621, 623, 625, 627, 629; current of, to Rome, 280

Wedding, 67, 70, 349, 374, 389, 397-398, 400, 402, 406, 454, 516, 518, 521, 565-566, 589, 599; day, 366-367; songs, 410; Russian, 368

We-group, 12, 143-144, 155. See In-group

Weights and measures, 155, 157

Welfare, 3, 9, 15, 18-38, 53-64, 79, 95, 99-100, 132, 135, 158, 163, 167, 172, 184, 222, 225, 239, 245, 255, 260, 266, 309, 313, 323-324, 328, 400, 473, 494, 508-519, 531-538, 559, 563, 604-607, 633, 640

Well living, 17, 32, 38, 57, 59, 62, 94, 168, 201, 473-474, 476-477, 535

West Africa, 145, 317, 322, 331, 337

Westminster, Statute of, 83

Wheel (for execution), 237, 239

White men, 24, 77-78, 90, 108, 110-113, 121, 127, 150, 157, 179, 442, 578

Widow, 27, 80, 239, 318, 370, 388-389, 390-393, 408, 480, 487

Wife, 13, 55, 67, 109-112, 146-152, 202, 218, 226-228, 269, 302-303, 311-313, 339, 344-351, 352, 355-377, 396-399, 403, 408, 422, 424, 453-461, 468, 481-488, 498, 506, 511, 522, 551, 578, 596, 653; model wife, 365

Winchester, Bishop of, 531

Wine, 110, 208, 378, 505, 608-609, 615, 618

Wisdom, 31, 47, 51, 105, 308, 323, 478, 522

Witch, 21, 23, 59, 194, 231-232, 241, 470, 517, 522, 532; persecution, 59, 118, 260, 531

Witchcraft, 58, 114, 209-211, 241, 518, 532

Woe to the vanquished, 276, 333

Woman, 12, 23, 31, 54-55, 100, 104-112, 121, 125, 138, 159, 180, 184, 185-190, 195-208, 210, 214, 228, 230, 237, 243, 262-270, 273, 286, 314, 322, 325-331, 344-352, 379-390, 393-396, 413, 421-423, 430, 434, 441-454, 462-483, 497-517, 523-545, 551-557, 562-581, 584, 589, 594, 598-603, 608-609, 614, 620-621, 630, 648, 651-652

Womanish to wear clothes, 439

Wooing, 408, 526-529

Words, 104, 122, 126-129, 134, 135, 138, 426-427, 461, 547, 639-640; tabooed, 68, 545

Work, 61, 70, 96, 123, 129-130, 134, 158-159, 205, 262, 267, 272, 278, 294-295, 297, 303, 305, 422-424, 429, 458, 504, 535, 608, 629, 642

World, the, 84, 86, 89, 102-104, 113, 123, 130, 134, 162, 198, 211, 218, 221, 228, 237-238, 255, 278-281, 286-287, 294, 306, 494, 503-504, 510, 537, 574-577, 582, 608, 614, 618, 633, 645, 647-648

"World," the, 567, 612, 619

World, end of the, 101; two make a, 372; of fact, 53, 59; of light, 103; commerce, 36, 150; philosophy, 33-34, 67, 79, 86, 96, 105, 553, 555, 558, 563, 570, 610-612

"World, getting on in the," 578

World, the other, 29, 31, 211-212, 221, 255, 386-388, 393, 469, 567

Worship, 159, 239, 366, 534, 562-565, 567-568, 615, 644

Wrath, of superior powers, 333; of God, 213, 248, 300, 555, 608

Writings, Chinese sacred, 549

Writings, edifying concocted, 642

Wullenweber, 524

Wycliffe, 223, 531

Xenophon, 360

Xerxes, 109, 468

Yakuts, 25, 84, 326, 422, 433, 461, 485, 495

Yama and Yami, 486

Yayati, 641

Yezidi community, 620

Ynglinga saga, 488

Yoni, 546-547

York, 411

Young, the, 67, 104, 153, 159, 191, 309, 314, 322, 325, 335, 343, 648

Zambesi, 140

Zeal, 134, 219, 232, 242, 248, 252, 460, 611, 625, 629, 644-645

_Zend Avesta_, 418, 486, 558

Zeus, 364, 425, 452, 467, 487

Zoroastrian religion, 159, 339, 480, 510-512, 514

Zulus, 265, 422, 430