CHAPTER XIII

THE AGE OF STEEL

Rapid growth of the iron industry in recent years, p. 271--The Lake Superior mines, p. 272--Methods of mining, p. 273--"Open-pit" mining, p. 274--Mining with the steam shovel, p. 276--From mine to furnace, p. 278--Methods of transportation, p. 279--Vessels of special construction, p. 281--The conversion of iron ore into iron and steel, p. 283--Blast furnaces, p. 284--Poisonous gases and their effect upon the workmen, p. 286--From pig iron to steel, p. 287--Modern methods of producing pig iron, p. 288--The Bessemer converter, p. 289--Sir Henry Bessemer, p. 291--The "Bessemer-Mushet" process, p. 293--Open-hearth method, p. 294--Alloy steels, p. 295.