Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of Nature

The Conquest of Nature, p. 4--Man's use of Nature's gifts, p. 6--Man the "tool-making animal," p. 7--Science and Civilization, p. 8--Clothing and artificially heated dwellings o...

Primitive man's use of the lever, p. 29--The use of the lever as conceived by Archimedes, p. 21--Wheels and pulleys, p. 32--Other means of transmitting power, p. 35--Inclined pl...

The oldest machine in existence, p. 43--The relation of muscle to machinery, p. 44--How muscular energy is applied, p. 44--The two types of muscles, p. 45--How the nerve-telegra...

First use of sails for propelling boats, p. 62--The fire engine of Ctesibius, p. 63--Suction and pressure as studied by the ancients, p. 64--Studies of air pressure, p. 65--The...

The development of the steam engine, p. 79--The manner in which energy is generated by steam, p. 80--Action of cylinder and piston, p. 81--Early attempts to utilize steam, p. 82...

Improvements on Watt's engines, p. 110--Engines dispensing with the walking beam, p. 111--The development of high-pressure engines, p. 112--Advantages of the high-pressure engin...

Some early gas engines, p. 133--Dr. Stirling's hot-air engine, p. 133--Ericsson's hot-air engines, p. 134--The first practical gas engine, p. 135--The Otto gas engine, p. 136--O...

The relative size of atoms and electrons, p. 148--What is electricity? p. 149--Franklin's one-fluid theory, p. 150--Modern views, p. 153--Cathode rays and the X-ray, p. 156--How...

The mechanism of the dynamo, p. 173--The origin of the dynamo, p. 176--The work of Ampère, Henry, and Faraday, p. 177--Perfecting the dynamo, p. 178--A mysterious mechanism, p....

The volume of water at the falls, p. 184--The point at which the falls are "harnessed," p. 185--Within the power-house, p. 186--Penstocks and turbines, p. 188--A miraculous tran...

Primitive torch and open lamp, p. 202--Tallow candle and perfected lamp, p. 205--Gas lighting, p. 207--The incandescent gas mantle, p. 208--Early gas mantles, p. 209--How the in...

Early mining methods, p. 242--Prospecting and locating mines, p. 243--"Booming," p. 246--Conditions to be considered in mining, p. 248--Dangerous gases in mines, p. 249--Artific...

Rapid growth of the iron industry in recent years, p. 271--The Lake Superior mines, p. 272--Methods of mining, p. 273--"Open-pit" mining, p. 274--Mining with the steam shovel, p...

The province of electro-chemistry, p. 298--Linking the laboratory with the workshop, p. 299--Soda manufactories at Niagara Falls, p. 300--Producing aluminum by the electrolytic...

For a general discussion of primitive conditions of labor and prehistoric man's civilization, it will be of interest in connection with this chapter to consult volume I., chapte...

(p. 31). For study of Archimedes, giving a detailed account of his discoveries, see vol. I., p. 196 _seq._ It will be of interest also to review, in connection with this chapter...

For further insight into the activities of the animal machine, the reader may refer to various chapters on the progress of physiology and anatomy in earlier volumes. The followi...

On page 63 reference is made to the work of the old Greeks, Archimedes and Ctesibius. An account of Archimedes' discovery of the laws of buoyancy of solids and liquids will be f...

(p. 92). Newcomen's engine. As stated in the text, the account of Newcomen's engine is quoted from the report of the Department of Science and Arts of the South Kensington Museu...

In connection with this chapter the reader will do well to review various earlier portions of the work outlining the general history of the growth of knowledge of electricity an...

(p. 221). Davy and the electric light. The quotation here given is reproduced from vol. III., pp. 234, 235. The very great importance and general interest of the subject seem to...

In preparing the section on the use of electricity in mining, the article by Thomas Commerford Martin, entitled _Electricity in Mining_, in the United States _Census Report_ of...

In connection with various portions of this chapter the reader will find much that is of interest in the story of chemical development in general as detailed in volume III., pp....