Part 7
_Badges._--Roses and a Thistle.
[BOERHAVE. _Methodus Studii Medici._ Amst., 1751.]
_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales.
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Impaled.
Dexter: The Royal Arms of England, quarterly; first, England and Scotland impaled; second, France; third, Ireland; fourth, the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany; over all the label, with three points arg., of an elder son.
Sinister: The arms of Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach. Quartered.
1. Per fess, gu. and arg. _Magdeburg._
2. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Brandenburg._
3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Jägerndorff._
4. Or, a griffin segreant gu. _Herz. Wenden._
5. Or, a griffin segreant sa. _Fürst Wenden._
6. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Pommern._
7. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Crossen._
8. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Kassuben._
9. Arg., an eagle displayed gu. _Prussia._
10. Per pale, arg. and gu. _Halberstadt._
11. Or, a lion rampant sa., crowned or, within a bordure gobony, arg. and gu. _Nüremberg._
12. Gu., 2 keys in saltire or. _Minden._
13. Quarterly, arg. and sa. _Hohenzollern._
14. Gu., a cross ar. _Ratzeburg._
15. Gu. For right of Regalia.
_Crest._--A Prince's coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, the Royal Supporters of England, each charged with a Prince of Wales' label. The lion is coroneted with the coronet of a Royal Prince.
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[PLAYFORD. _Wit and Mirth._ London, 1714.]
_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales' plumes, within a princely coronet, and flanked by the initials "G. P." for "Georgius Princeps."
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[MUSGRAVE. _Antiquitates Britanno-Belgicae._ Exeter, 1719.]
George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards Prince of Wales (born 30th October 1683, died 25th October 1760), was the only son of George I., and succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1727.
In 1753 an Act was passed "For the purchase of the Museum or Collection of Sir Hans Sloane and of the Harleian Collection of MSS.; and for providing one General Repository for the better reception and more convenient use of the said Collections, and of the Cottonian Library." In 1757 King George II. added to these "Foundation Libraries" of the British Museum, the old Royal Library of England, which had been largely brought together by Henry, Prince of Wales. The old Royal Library underwent several vicissitudes after the death of Prince Henry. It was kept at St. James's Palace. When it was at length incorporated with the Sloane and Cotton collections it numbered altogether about fifteen thousand volumes, manuscripts, and printed books.
On 2nd September 1705, Prince George, then Electoral Prince of Hanover, married Wilhelmina Caroline (born 1st March 1683, died 20th November 1737), the eldest daughter of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach. Queen Caroline made herself as important in Court and political affairs as she had already done as Princess, and allied herself strongly with Sir Robert Walpole, then Minister of State, and her power became very great, as the King gave way to her wishes almost invariably. Both George II. and Queen Caroline disliked their eldest son Frederick. During the King's several absences in Hanover, Queen Caroline acted as Regent, to the great annoyance of the Prince of Wales.
GEORGE III., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st, England and Scotland impaled. 2nd, France. 3rd, Ireland. 4th, The arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany; all as used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A royal crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Badges._--A rose for England and a thistle for Scotland.
_Note._--Used from 24th October 1760 until 1st January 1801.
[VITRUVIUS POLLIO. _Architecture._ London, 1791.]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--With supporters bearing the standards of St. George and St. Andrew. Probably a foreign design.
[SECONDAT. _Le Temple de Guide_. Parisiis, 1772.]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--Within the Garter, with the "George" jewel, and the badges and collars of the Orders of the Thistle and the Bath (Civil), with their respective mottoes, NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT and TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO.
[PETAVIUS. _De Nithardo breve Syntagma._ Parisiis, 1613.]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--Used without supporters.
[MONRO. _Works._ Edinburgh, 1781.]
_Second Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th, England. 2nd, Scotland. 3rd, Ireland.
Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany ensigned with an electoral bonnet gu., turned up with miniver. Used from 1st January 1801 until 8th June 1816. Colours as used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest, Supporters, and Motto_ as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Badges._--Roses and thistles.
[S. AUGUSTINUS. _De Civitate Dei, etc._ 1467.]
_Third Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, as in the preceding case, but with the Royal Hanoverian Crown, instead of the electoral bonnet, over the escutcheon of pretence. Used from 8th June 1816 until 29th January 1820.
_Crest, Supporters, Badges, and Motto._--As before, with a Royal helmet, but the shield is additionally enclosed within the collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the badge of the Great George.
[_Inventories of plate belonging to the Crown, etc._]
The Royal Initials ensigned with a Royal Crown.
[ALLIONIUS. _Tractatio de Miliarium origine et curatione._ Aug. Taurinorum, 1758.]
The Irish Harp, crowned.
[_Lord's Journals of Ireland._ Dublin, 1780.]
George III. (born 4th June 1738, died 29th January 1820) was the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. He succeeded to the throne in 1760.
The troubles in Ireland ended, for a time, in the Legislative Union in 1801. During the latter part of his reign George III. became insane and the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent. Almost as soon as George III. succeeded to the throne he began collecting books, no doubt to a great extent induced to do so because of the fact that George II. had practically denuded the Royal Libraries of their treasures in 1757, but in many ways he possessed the true collector's instinct. The Royal Librarian was Sir Frederick Barnard, K.C.H., who travelled about the Continent seeking early editions and desirable books generally, under the advice of Dr. Samuel Johnson. Besides the books collected abroad by Sir Frederick, large numbers were acquired in England, among these the entire library of Joseph Smith, British Consul at Venice. Sir Frederick Barnard did not neglect the sale-room, and he acquired especially valuable additions to the Royal Library at the sales of the important libraries of James West, John Ratcliffe, and Richard Farmer, all of which took place about the same time.
The library collected by George III. is now housed in the beautiful room known as the "King's Library" in the British Museum. All the books have one or other of the many book-stamps used by the King impressed upon them, either on the sides or on the back. The estimated number of volumes in the library at the time of its acquisition by the British Museum was about eighty-four thousand, as well as a very large collection of charts, maps, and drawings, and several manuscripts. The books in the King's Library are in splendid condition, and among them are numbers of precious bindings, especially later English, Scottish, and Irish. Several of the Royal books were bound by Charles Kalthoeber, a German binder who copied the style and stamps used by Roger Payne.
The coat-of-arms used by George III. in the early part of his reign was the same as that used by his predecessor, viz. first quarter, England and Scotland impaled; second quarter, France; third quarter, Ireland; and fourth quarter, Brunswick impaling Lunenburg, in the base point Saxony, and an escutcheon of pretence bearing the crown of Charlemagne, as a badge of the office of High Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire. This coat was used until 1801.
On the 1st of January 1801, a Proclamation was issued by the King regarding the Legislative Union with Ireland, and certain armorial changes are noted. The first is that in future the title of the King is to be "of Great Britain and Ireland King," instead of as heretofore, "King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland." Next the arms "shall be Quarterly: first and fourth England; second Scotland; third Ireland; and it is our Will and Pleasure that there shall be borne therewith on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of Our Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the electoral Bonnet." So that now the fourth quarter, as used by George I. and George II., is moved up, and shown on the escutcheon of pretence in the centre of the shield.
It will be noticed that the Fleurs-de-lys of France are now left out of the English coat-of-arms, as well as the title of King of France. The arms of France had been used in the English coat-of-arms since their adoption, with the motto "DIEU ET MON DROIT," by Edward III. in 1341, when he claimed the throne of France by right of his mother Isabella, only surviving child of Philippe IV. From that time until 6th March 1706, when Queen Anne changed the first quarter of the English coat, the French Fleurs-de-lys had held the place of honour. Although the French coat was discarded in 1801, the motto which alluded to the same claim to the French throne has been retained and is still used. The Fleurs-de-lys of France were at first semées, but Charles VI. of France reduced them to three, and a corresponding change was presently made in the English coat.
In 1816 the electorate of Hanover was given the rank of a kingdom, so that the electoral bonnet no longer properly represented the dignity. On 8th June 1816, a notice was given in the London _Gazette_ that his Majesty was in future "King of Hanover," and that a corresponding alteration is to be made in the Royal arms, and it is ordered that, "instead of the arms of His Majesty's Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the electoral bonnet, as directed by His Majesty's Proclamation above mentioned, there shall henceforth be used and borne with the arms or ensigns armorial of His Majesty's said United Kingdom, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of His Majesty's Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the Hanoverian Royal Crown."
The Royal title _Britanniarum Rex_, "King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland," without the Ducal titles of the Royal Dominions in Germany, which had been used by George I. and George II., first appears on the Fifth Great Seal of George III., used from 1st August 1815 to 17th September 1821.
GEORGE IV., KING OF THE BRITAINS
The coat-of-arms of George IV. was the same as the last used by George III., namely 1st and 4th, England; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland; with the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany on an escutcheon of pretence, ensigned with the Royal Crown of Hanover.
Several of the older book-stamps of George III. were, however, frequently used by George IV.
[_Inventories of plate at Windsor, etc._]
Used when Prince of Wales. A Prince of Wales' plume within a princely coronet.
[_London and its Environs described._ London, 1761.]
George IV. used the same coat-of-arms as the last one of George III., that is to say, first and fourth grand quarters, England; second grand quarter, Scotland; and third grand quarter, Ireland; on an escutcheon of pretence the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany, ensigned with the Hanoverian Royal Crown.
When George IV. inherited the large library made by his father, he very soon found that it was a very costly and troublesome legacy, and at one time he was inclined to sell it to the Emperor, Alexander I. of Russia. This idea, however, was very displeasing to English feeling, and the Premier, Lord Liverpool, was able to convince the King that any such sale would be highly unpopular. After considerable trouble the matter was amicably arranged, and Ministers were able to satisfy the King by means of a fund called "Droits of Admiralty," which they could dispose of without troubling Parliament. The King then wrote a letter, 15th January 1823, to Lord Liverpool, in which he says:--
"The King, my late revered and excellent father, having formed during a long series of years, a most valuable and extensive Library, I have resolved to present this collection to the British Nation."
The library was consequently removed from Buckingham House to the British Museum in 1828, and arranged in the beautiful room built for it. In this room the books are kept by themselves, apart from the rest of the library. It is probable that some idea of the ultimate destination of this library existed as long ago as 1791, as in that year a German preacher, Frederick Wendeborn, wrote that the books in the King's private library, "it is said, will be one time or another joined to those of the British Museum."
GILBERT, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; erm., on a chevron sa., 3 roses arg. _Gilbert._
2nd and 3rd; arg., 2 bendlets sa. _Bradshaw._
_Note._-Used before 1726.
[TESAURO. _Patriarchae Genealogia._ Mediolani, 1645.]
John Gilbert (born circ. 1693, died 9th August 1761) was a son of John Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter. He was educated at Oxford, and ordained about 1718.
In 1722 Gilbert succeeded to his father's Prebendal stall at Exeter, and two years later he was made Dean. In 1726 Dr. Gilbert was consecrated Bishop of Llandaff, and was afterwards translated to Salisbury. In 1757 he became Archbishop of York. Gilbert was not a man of much learning, and his preferment in the Church is remarkable as being due more to influence than character. He published several sermons.
GOWER, GEORGE GRANVILLE LEVESON, DUKE OF SUTHERLAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quartered.
1. Quarterly;
1st and 4th, barry of 8, arg. and gu., over all a cross patonce sa. _Gower._
2nd and 3rd, az., 3 laurel leaves or. _Leveson._
2. Barry of 8, arg. and gu., over all a cross patonce sa. _Gower._
3. Gu., 3 clarions or. _Granville._
4. Arg., a lion rampant gu., between 3 pheons, sa. _Egerton._
5. Arg., on a bend az., 3 bucks' heads cabossed or. _Stanley._
6. Gu., 2 lions passant arg. _Strange._
7. Barry of 10, arg. and gu., a lion rampant or, on a canton sa., a fess arg. _Brandon._
8. Quarterly;
1st and 4th, France.
2nd and 3rd, England; being the arms of England, borne by right of descent from the Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VII.
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
[JEWEL. _Defense of the Apologie, etc._ London, 1576.]
George Granville Leveson-Gower (born 9th January 1758, died 19th July 1833) was the son of Granville, Marquis of Stafford. Lord George was summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Gower during his father's lifetime, and succeeded to the Marquisate in 1803.
The Marquis was a Member of the Privy Council and a Knight of the Garter, and in 1833 he was created Duke of Sutherland. The Earldom of Sutherland came into the Gower family by right of Elizabeth, Countess of Sutherland in her own right, who married the Duke in 1785. It is said to be the most ancient Earldom in North Britain, and to date back as far as 1057. The Duke's successors all used a quartering on their coat-of-arms for this ancient Earldom, namely, gu., 3 mullets or, within a bordure of the last, charged with a double tressure, flory counterflory of the field.
GREEN, JOSEPH HENRY
_Arms._--Az., 3 bucks statant or. A crescent for difference. _Green._
_Motto._--NEC SPERO NEC DESPERO.
[BACON. _Of the Advancement and Proficience of Learning._ Oxford, 1640.]
Joseph Henry Green of Barnet (born 1st November 1791, died 13th December 1863) was the second son of Joseph Green of London. He was an eminent surgeon, and commenced his medical studies in Germany. Returning to London, Green worked at St. Thomas's Hospital, where he eventually held important office, becoming chief surgeon in 1820. In 1824, Green was appointed Professor of Anatomy at the College of Surgeons. He was Professor of Surgery at King's College, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and twice President of the College of Surgeons. Professor Green was a friend and literary executor to S. T. Coleridge.
GRENVILLE, RT. HON. THOMAS
_Arms._--Vert., on a cross arg., 5 torteaux. A crescent for difference. _Grenville._
[_Tristan, Chlr. de la Table Ronde._ Paris.]
Thomas Grenville (born 31st December 1755, died 17th December 1846) was the second son of George Grenville of Wotton Hall, Bucks, and was educated at Oxford. He served for a short time in the army. In 1780 Grenville was Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire, and interested himself much in political matters. In 1790 he was Member for Aldborough, and in 1794 he was Minister Extraordinary at Vienna. His younger brother William, Baron Grenville, was Premier in 1806.
Grenville was a Member of the Privy Council, and in 1799 Ambassador to Berlin, and was the last person to hold the office of Chief-Justice in Eyre south of Trent. He was for a time First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1818 Grenville left public life. He was always an eager collector of fine books, and bequeathed his magnificent library to the nation. It is now kept at the British Museum, of which Mr. Grenville was a Trustee, in a room especially kept for it, and known as the Grenville Room.
Among the Grenville books are still a few fine old bindings, but the majority have been rebound by George Lewis, one of the most eminent of the later English trade binders.
GREY, HENRY, EARL OF STAMFORD
_Arms._--Quartered.
1. Barry of 6, arg. and az. A label for difference. _Grey._
2. Sa., 6 mullets or, 3, 2, and 1. _Bonvile._
3. Arg., a fret sa. _Tollemache._
4. A cross engrailed between 4 water bougets sa. _Bourchier._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[_L'Histoire de France._ Paris, 1581.]
Henry Grey (born c. 1599, died 23rd August 1673) was the son of Sir John Grey, and grandson of Henry, first Baron Grey of Groby, to whom he succeeded in the barony in 1614. In 1628 Lord Grey was created Earl of Stamford. He was a soldier, and held a command in the Parliamentary Army, but proved a bad General. He was Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire, and served for a time as Member of Parliament for that county. In 1645 he was impeached in the House of Commons for an assault on Sir Arthur Haselrig.
Many of the books which had belonged to Lord Stamford subsequently came into the possession of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, and now form part of the Harleian Library.
GULSTON, WILLIAM, BISHOP OF BRISTOL
_Crest._--An ostrich wing, the feathers alternately arg. and gu., charged with a bend sa., charged with 3 plates. _Gulston._
[BOCCACCIO. _Decamerone._ Firenze, 1516.]
_Arms._--Arg., 3 bars nebuly gu., over all a bend sa., charged with 3 plates. _Gulston._
_Note._--Used by a lady of the Gulston family.
[COQVILLE. _Histoire du Pays et Duché de Nivernois._ Paris, 1612.]
Variety of crest in smaller size.
[_Tirante il Bianco valorissimo Cavaliere._ Vinegia, 1538.]
William Gulston was Rector of Symondsbury in Dorsetshire. In 1679 he was consecrated Bishop of Bristol, a preferment he held until his death in 1684.
The Gulston coat-of-arms is shown on the screen in Bristol Cathedral. The coat shown on a lozenge is that of a lady of the Gulston family, possibly a daughter of the Bishop. In most of the books on which this coat occurs there is a book-plate of "Elize Gulston," so the book-stamp was in all probability hers also. Both the small coat and the small crest are usually added on the backs of finely bound books, but the large crest occurs on the side in the usual manner.
HAMILTON, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF ST. ANDREWS
_Arms._--On an archiepiscopal cross. Quarterly.
1 and 4. Gu., 3 cinquefoils erm. _Hamilton._
2 and 3. Arg., a lymphad sa. _Arran._
[CELSUS. _De arte Medicina._ Basileae.]
John Hamilton (born c. 1510, died 1st April 1570) at an early age became a Benedictine monk at Kilwinning, and in time went to study at Paris. The Regent Arran was his half-brother, and the priest had considerable influence with him. Hamilton's preferment in the Church was rapid. In 1545 he was made Bishop of Dunkeld, and in 1546 succeeded David Beaton as Archbishop of St. Andrews and Primate of Scotland. He was also Keeper of the Privy Seal and Lord Treasurer of Scotland.
The Archbishop was a strong adherent of Mary, Queen of Scotland, and was a Member of her Privy Council; he actively helped her escape from Loch Leven, as well as taking the field on her behalf. He was accused of complicity in the murders of Darnley and of the Regent Moray. Archbishop Hamilton wrote several theological works. He was hanged at Stirling in 1570.
HARBORNE, WILLIAM
_Arms._--Gu., a lion passant or, between 3 bezants. _Harborne._
_Motto._--DEVS INDVSTRIAM BEAT.
[PASSE. _Hortus Floridus._ Utrecht, 1615.]
William Harborne (born circ. 1550, died 9th September 1617) was the son of William Harborne of Great Yarmouth. He was a great traveller. In 1582 Harborne was appointed the Queen's Ambassador to Turkey, and remained at Constantinople until 1588. His tenure of this office was beneficial to trade, and he also procured several privileges from the Sultan as to English travellers in the East. Mr. Harborne wrote an account of his voyage to Constantinople, and other books about his stay there. His manuscripts are mostly at the British Museum or at the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
HARLEY, ROBERT, EARL OF OXFORD AND EARL OF MORTIMER
_Arms._--Or, a bend cotised sa. _Harley._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Supporters._--Two angels ppr.
_Motto._--VIRTUTE ET FIDE.
[_Survey of Manors in various Counties._ Harl. MS. 2192.]
_Arms._--Or, a bend cotised sa. _Harley._
_Motto._--VIRTVTE ET FIDE.
_Legend._--ROBERT HARLEY.
[_The Annals of King James and King Charles the First._ London, 1681.]