Part 8
Robert Harley (born 5th December 1661, died 21st May 1724) was the son of Sir Edward Harley of Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire. Robert Harley was Member of Parliament for Tregony, and afterwards for New Radnor, and was distinguished for his knowledge of finance. In 1701 he became Speaker of the House of Commons, and had a considerable share in the passing of the Act for the Protestant succession to the Throne of England.
In 1704, Mr. Speaker Harley became a Member of the Privy Council, and also was made one of the Principal Secretaries of State. Owing to various jealousies and plots against him, Harley resigned office in 1707. In 1710 he was made Chancellor of the Exchequer; in 1711 he was nearly assassinated by Antoine de Guiscard, a French adventurer, and his escape increased his popularity, and he was created Earl of Oxford, and Lord High Treasurer, an office he held until 1714.
In 1715 Lord Oxford was impeached for betrayal of duty and other matters, twenty-two articles in all, and in 1717 he was acquitted after a long trial.
Through all his many political troubles, Harley continued the collection of manuscripts, which was his dearest hobby. He brought together many of the most famous collections, among them those of Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Symonds D'Ewes, and the Earl of Stamford. In the Harleian Library were about six thousand volumes of manuscripts, as well as about fifteen thousand separate rolls and charters, and this collection was largely added to by the second Earl. The entire collection was purchased by Parliament in 1753, and is now in the British Museum. The printed books were dispersed.
Many of the Harleian books were bound, generally in red morocco, by Thomas Eliot and Christopher Chapman, with broad, gold-tooled borderings, and this style is known as the "Harleian." Several of Lord Oxford's favourite books have a facsimile signature "Robert Harley," impressed inside on the paper in gold. A member of the Harley family always holds one of the six family trusteeships of the British Museum.
HASTINGS, FERDINANDO, SIXTH EARL OF HUNTINGDON
_Crest._--A bull's head erased sa., armed and ducally gorged or. _Hastings._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Motto._--HONORANTES ME HONORABO.
[CAMDEN. _Tomus alter Annalium Rerum Anglicarum ... regnante Elizabetha._ Londini, 1627.]
_Crest._--A bull's head erased sa., armed and ducally gorged or. _Hastings._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[REUSNER. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΩΝ _operis Genealogici Catholici Auctarium, illustres Stirpes Comitum continens, etc._ Francofurti, 1592.]
Ferdinando Hastings (born 18th January 1608, died 13th February 1655) was the son of Henry, fifth Earl of Huntingdon, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Ferdinando, Earl of Derby. He succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1643. Lord Huntingdon married Lucy, daughter of Sir John Davis of Englefield, Berks.
HATTON, SIR CHRISTOPHER, KNIGHT
_Arms._--Quartered.
1. Az., a chevron between 3 garbs or. _Hatton._
2. Arg., a cross flory between 4 cornish choughs, ppr. _Offley._
3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Browne._
4. Arg., a bend lozengy gu. _Bradeston._
5. Az., a cross engrailed erm. _Stanton._
6. Gu., a saltire arg. _Nevill_ of Raby.
7. Az., a chevron between 3 garbs or; a crescent for difference. _Hatton._
8. Arg., a fess sa., in chief a crescent of the last. _York._
9. Az., 5 cinquefoils in cross arg., 1, 3, and 1. _Holdenby._
10. Bendy, arg. and sa., on a canton of the second a castle of the first. _Carrell._
11. Gu., on a chief or, 3 quatrefoils vert. _Wedson._
_Crest._--A hind passant or.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
[_Bible._ London, 1588.]
Christopher Hatton (born c. 1540, died 20th November 1591) was the youngest son of William Hatton of Holdenby, Northamptonshire. He was educated at Oxford and entered the Middle Temple.
Queen Elizabeth noticed Hatton at a masque, and was struck by his good looks and graceful dancing. He was shortly afterwards attached to the Court, and became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, Captain of the Guard, Vice-Chamberlain, and a Member of the Privy Council. In 1587 he was made Lord Chancellor, and also a Knight of the Garter. From 1588 until he died, Hatton was Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He wrote a few books on law or the drama, and had a considerable library.
HEATH, BENJAMIN
_Arms._--Sa., 3 heathcocks arg., membered gu. _Heath._
[COLLE. _Medicina Practica._ Pisauri, 1617.]
Benjamin Heath (born 20th April 1704, died 13th September 1766) was a son of Benjamin Heath, a merchant of Exeter. He inherited a considerable fortune from his father, and as a young man travelled much on the Continent.
Mr. Heath spent all his life in the pursuit of literature and the collection of books. Among his writings is one of some importance, "Notæ sive Lectiones ad Æschyli, quæ supersunt dramata," published at Oxford in 1762. He was a D.C.L. of Oxford. He also wrote some political pamphlets, and others concerning Shakespeare. Dr. Heath left a large family, and one of his sons became headmaster of Eton. His library was very extensive, and he gave a large portion of it to his sons during his lifetime, and the remainder was sold in 1810.
HENRY VII., KING OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE, AND LORD OF IRELAND
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; az., 3 fleurs-de-lys or. _France._
2nd and 3rd; gu., 3 lions passant or, langued and unguled az. _England._
_Crown._--Royal, but of a type used before the time of Henry VI. and supported by two angels.
_Supporters._--Two lions sejant arg. _Mortimer, Earls of March._
_Note._--This stamp is sometimes said to have belonged to Edward IV. The crown as shown here is that which appears on groats of Henry VII.; but the crown which appears on his great seal, a higher authority, has the crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lys alternately as now used. The crosses pattée were first used as the seal for foreign affairs of Henry VI.
[_Impressed in blind, upon a loose cover in the Library of Westminster Abbey._ C., 1490.]
Henry Tudor (born 26th June 1456, died 1509) was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort. In 1486 the Earl of Richmond married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV., the first King of the Yorkist line, and as the Earl himself represented the Lancastrian line, by way of Catherine Swinford, this marriage united the two houses of York and Lancaster, and gave rise to the beautiful Tudor badge of the Red and White Rose. The two colours are shown sometimes per pale, sometimes quartered, or there may be simple rows of alternate petals, or, as is most usual, the inner petals are all white and the outer petals all red; the centre is always gold, and the little leaves between the outer petals, if showing at all, are green. The portcullis and gateway, also commonly used as badges by our Sovereigns until the time of Charles I., are both used as emblems of the De Beaufort alliance. The portcullis is or, nailed az., chained and ringed of the first.
The Earl of Richmond defeated Richard III. at the battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, and the king was killed. Henry VII. was crowned king on the battlefield. He possessed a considerable number of manuscripts, and also a small library of printed books, which, as far as is known, were bound in velvet. Judging from the leather binding in Westminster Abbey Library, Henry also had some commoner books stamped with his coat-of-arms.
Several bindings that were made for Henry VII. still exist; they are either at the Record Office, the Library of Westminster Abbey, or the British Museum, and are all bound in the same way. The binding is of red velvet, beautifully bossed with silver or other metal; the bosses are ornamented with the Royal coat-of-arms, with the red dragon of Cadwallader as a dexter supporter, and the white greyhound of the Nevills, or, when used by Henry VII., of the De Beauforts, as sinister supporter.
But before using the dragon and greyhound Henry VII. had used two white lions. A white lion was the badge of the Earls of March, who were distantly connected with the King.
The coat-of-arms used by Henry VII., _i.e._ France and England quarterly, was the same as had been used by all the English kings since Henry IV. in 1408, when the fleurs-de-lys semées, which had been hitherto used, were reduced to three, in accordance with the change made in the French coat by Charles VI., King of France.
HENRY VIII., KING OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE, AND LORD OF IRELAND--AFTERWARDS KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND.
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; az., 3 fleurs-de-lys, 2 and 1, or. _France._
2nd and 3rd; gu., 3 lions passant guardant, in pale or, langued and unguled az. _England._
_Crown._--Royal.
_Supporters._--Dexter, a dragon gu. _Cadwallader._
Sinister, a greyhound arg., gorged or. _Nevill_ or _De Beaufort._
_Badges._--Dependent from the shield 2 portcullises or, nailed az., chained of the first. _De Beaufort._
At the top, a fleur-de-lys or, _France_; and a double rose gu. and arg., centred or, and leaved vert, _Tudor._
_Motto._--DIEV ET MON DROIT.
_Legend._--REX HENRICVS VIII.
[_Opus eximium de vera differentia regiae potestatis et ecclesiasticae._ London, 1534.]
_Variety._--Arms as before. Panel stamp with 2 angels bearing scrolls. At the top a Tudor rose, and 2 portcullises dependent from the base of the shield, which is ensigned with a Royal crown, and supported by a dragon and a greyhound.
[HOLKOT. _Opus revera insignissimum in librum Sapietie Salomonis editum._ Parisiis, 1518.]
_Variety._--Arms as before. With two scrolls and a Tudor rose on the top, and "M. D.," probably the initials of the designer, below. A dragon and a greyhound support the shield, which is ensigned with a Royal crown and flanked by two portcullises chained.
On the border are lions passant guardant and fleurs-de-lys alternately.
[_Dialogues in English._ London, 1532.]
_Variety._--Arms as before. Within the Garter, ensigned with a Royal crown and flanked by the Tudor emblems of a Tudor rose, a fleur-de-lys, the gateway of the Castle of De Beaufort, and the cleft pomegranate of Aragon.
_Legend._--On the rectangular borders. DEUS DAT NOBIS TUAM PACEM ET POST MORTEM VITAM ETERNAM AMEN.
[England. _Le bregement des Estatuts._ London, 1521.]
_Variety._--Arms and supporters as before. With the sun and moon in the two upper corners and the shields of St. George and the City of London. Ensigned with a Royal crown of incorrect pattern.
This design was probably used by Royal consent by members of the Stationers' Company of London, and there are many examples of it on which are also engraved the initials of London printers and publishers, _e.g._ "J. R.," probably John Reynes; "J. N.," probably Jean Norins; "G. G.," probably Garret Godfrey; "R. L.," probably Richard Lant, and several more.
These initials are usually shown at the base of the shield. _Cf._ under heading TUDOR.
Prince Henry (born 28th June 1491, died 28th January 1547) was the second son of Henry VII., and in 1509 succeeded his father on the throne of England. Henry VIII. always lived in much luxury and loved finery and splendour, and to a certain extent this feeling shows in the many beautiful bindings which were made for him. The King was certainly fond of his books, and he had several of them beautifully bound in velvet and embroidered with pearls and inlays of coloured silks and satins, finished with gold thread. Others are of gold, richly worked and enamelled.
For his Queens also several fine bindings were made; these, however, were generally armorial panel stamps, impressed without gold. He married six times. For Catherine of Aragon bindings were made which still exist, for Anne Bullen and Catherine Parr, the same, but for Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, or Katherine Howard I know of no bindings recorded or in existence. Katherine Parr is said to have herself embroidered a beautiful armorial velvet-bound copy of Petrarch with her own arms, and at the Bodleian Library at Oxford there is a book said to have been embroidered for her by the Princess Elizabeth, on which are the initials "K. P."
Thomas Berthelet, the first English bookbinder to use gold tooling was made Royal Printer and Bookbinder to Henry VIII. in 1530, and he bound the greater number of the Royal books in leather, velvet, or satin.
Henry VIII. used the same coat-of-arms and supporters as his father, namely, the red dragon of Cadwallader as a dexter supporter and the white greyhound of the Nevills as a sinister supporter, until 1528, when he adopted a golden lion rampant royally crowned as his dexter supporter, and moved the dragon to the sinister side, leaving out the greyhound altogether. This change, however, does not, as far as I know, show on any book, but it can be seen on the gold coins of the period, and also on a sculptured compartment at Caerhays, is common at the house of a member of the Trevanion family, and again on the keystone of the ceiling over the organ-loft at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, and here, moreover, the date 1528 is also given.
HENRY BENEDICT, CARDINAL YORK
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters, _France_ and _England_ quarterly.
2nd grand quarter, _Scotland._
3rd grand quarter, _Ireland._
All as used by James I. (q.v.). Over all a crescent for difference. Ensigned with a Royal crown and the tasselled hat of a cardinal.
_Note._--This stamp was probably designed and cut after 1788, at which date the Cardinal entitled himself King of England.
[STELLATO. _Ad frequentem in fidei controversiis interrogationem, etc._ Viennae, 1752.]
Henry Benedict (born 5th March 1725, died 13th July 1807) was the second son of James Francis Edward, called the Chevalier St. George, son of James II., King of England, and Mary of Modena, who married Mary Clementina, daughter of James Sobieski, in 1719.
Prince Henry, who occasionally used the Royal Crown of England over his coat-of-arms, is called sometimes Henry IX., King of England. He entered the Romish Church as a priest at an early age, and in 1747 he was made a Cardinal by Benedict XIV., and held several Bishoprics and the Archbishopric of Corinth, but was usually known as Cardinal York. He assumed certain airs of dignity abroad in consequence of his Royal ancestry and claims, and in 1788, on the death of his elder brother, he had a medal made and inscribed "HENRICUS NONUS MAGNAE BRITANNIAE REX."
The Cardinal lived almost always abroad, and suffered much by loss of revenue caused by the French Revolution; he had to part with much of his private property, jewels, and plate. At this juncture George III. generously assisted Cardinal York, and made him a handsome allowance, in gratitude for which His Eminence bequeathed to the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV., many of the Crown Jewels which James II. had taken with him to France. Some of the most important of these stones now adorn the English Imperial Crown. The Cardinal had a large library, and several of his books are at Windsor and at the British Museum. The majority of these are in leather, but some are embroidered.
HENRY FREDERICK, PRINCE OF WALES
_Arms._--Quarterly; 1st and 4th grand quarters, _France_ and _England_ quarterly; 2nd grand quarter, _Scotland_; 3rd grand quarter, _Ireland_. All as used by James I. (q.v.); and over all a label arg. of three points.
A variety of this stamp has thistles instead of roses in the border.
[APOLLONIUS GALLUS. _Exsuscitata Apollonii Pergaei_ ΠΕΡΙ ΕΠΛΦΩΝ _Geometria_. Parisiis, 1600.]
_Variety._--Arms as before. Within the garter, and ensigned with a Princely coronet.
[VITTORI. _Tesoro de las tres lenguas Francesa, Italiana, ej Española._ Geneve, 1609.]
A Prince of Wales's triple ostrich plume, commonly used as a corner stamp, all impressed in silver.
[ALUNNO. _Della Fabrica del Mondo._ Venetia, 1575.]
A Prince of Wales's triple ostrich plume; the coronet, ribs of feathers, and motto generally impressed in gold, the feathers in silver. Used mostly as a centre stamp.
[LIPSIUS. _Admiranda._ Antverpiae, 1599.]
A Badge of a lion rampant guardant, with princely coronet, always impressed entirely in gold.
[REUSNERUS. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΩΝ _opus genealogicum Catholicum de praecipuis familiis Imperatorum_. Francofurti, 1592.]
A Badge of a Tudor rose, with princely coronet.
[BOCCACCIO. _I casi degl' Huomini Illustri._ Fiorenza, 1598.]
A Badge of a fleur-de-lys.
[BARETUS. _An Alvearie, or triple Dictionarie._ London, 1573.]
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (born 19th February 1594, died 6th November 1612), was the eldest son of James I., and from his childhood showed studious and literary inclinations, as well as sporting tastes. In 1609 he purchased the library of John, Lord Lumley, a great part of which had previously belonged to his father-in-law, Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and another large proportion to Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. He also acquired a number of books which had belonged to a Welshman, John Maurice or Morris.
On the Prince's death his library became the property of James I., and it was added to the existing Royal Library, then under the care of Patrick Young.
Prince Henry had his books bound in calf, and probably destroyed numbers of valuable old bindings which were originally used. The new bindings were ornamented with stamps bearing the Prince's coat-of-arms, without supporters, and others showing a lion rampant, with princely coronet; a Tudor rose, with princely coronet; a fleur-de-lys, and two stamps, with slight variations, of the Prince of Wales's plume of three ostrich feathers. These latter stamps are normally used as corner-pieces, but they also show now and then as centres. Smaller corner stamps are found showing coroneted Tudor roses, coroneted thistles, coroneted fleurs-de-lys, and Prince of Wales's feathers in gold. On the panels of the backs of Prince Henry's books are found small stamps of a lion rampant, with princely coronet; a unicorn rampant; a Tudor rose; a portcullis, sometimes chained, and a Royal Crown. These are arranged in various combinations.
The greater number of Prince Henry's bindings are simple, having the coat-of-arms in the centre and the badges in the corners, but several are very handsomely ornamented with accessory gold tooling. The label shown on Prince Henry's coat-of-arms is the cadency mark of the eldest son; it is generally impressed in silver, as it ought always to be. The feathers in the Prince of Wales's plume are always impressed in silver, which has now oxidised black. Prince Henry's library came to the British Museum with the rest of the Old Royal Library of England in 1757.
HEYDON, SIR CHRISTOPHER, KNIGHT
_Crest._--A talbot statant erm. _Heydon._
_Note._--Painted.
[CICERO. _Orationum volumen primum, etc._ Venetiis, 1540.]
Christopher Heydon (born circ. 1550, died circ. 1623) was the son of Sir William Heydon of Bacousthorpe, Norfolk. He was educated at Cambridge. In 1588 he represented Norfolk in the House of Commons, and in 1596 he was knighted by the Earl of Essex. Sir Christopher Heydon wrote some treatises on astrology. He married first Mirabel Rivet, and secondly Anne Dodge, and left a large family.
HOARE, SIR RICHARD COLT, BARONET
_Crest._--An eagle's head erased arg. _Hoare._
[HOARE. _Catalogue of Books on Italian Topography, etc._ London, 1812.]
Richard Colt Hoare (born 9th December 1758, died 19th May 1838) was the son of Sir Richard Hoare of Barn Elms, Surrey, a banker. Mr. Hoare worked for a time in the family bank, and then, having a competent fortune, he travelled much on the Continent. In 1787 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy. Sir Richard Hoare wrote a large number of works on antiquities and travel, the most important of which is the _Ancient History of North and South Wiltshire_, published at London in 1810. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. At his house "Stourhead" Sir Richard had a large library, much of which he catalogued himself.
FRANCIS HORTON
_Arms._--Sa., a stag's head cabossed arg., attired or. A crescent for difference. _Horton._
_Crest._--A spear erect or, headed arg., enfiled with a dolphin of the first.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
[_Songs by Several Masters._ 1704, etc.]
Francis Horton, a member of an old family belonging to Catton, county Derby, was a collector of musical works in the eighteenth century.
HOWARD, CHARLES, SECOND BARON HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1. Gu., on a bend between 3 cross crosslets fitchée arg., an escutcheon or, charged with a demi lion rampant, pierced through the mouth with an arrow, within a tressure flory counterflory of the first. _Howard._
2. Gu., 3 lions passant guardant in pale or, in chief a label of 3 points arg. _Brotherton._
3. Chequy, or and az. _Warren._
4. Gu., a lion rampant or, armed and langued az. _Fitz-Alan._
A mullet for difference.
_Crest._--On a chapeau gu., turned up erm., a lion passant, ducally crowned or, and charged on the neck with a label and a mullet.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Supporters._--Two lions erm., each charged with a mullet.
_Motto._--DESIR N'A REPOS.
[CARADOC. _Historie of Cambria._ London, 1584.]
Charles Howard (born c. 1536, died 14th December 1624) was the eldest son of William Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham, Lord High Admiral of England. Charles Howard was a person of importance from an early age, and was sent by Queen Elizabeth on an Embassy to France. He was Member of Parliament for Surrey, and a general officer in the army as well as being a sailor. In 1574 he was made a Knight of the Garter and Lord Chamberlain of the Household, and in 1573 he succeeded to his father's barony.
Lord Howard of Effingham became Lord High Admiral of England in succession to the Earl of Lincoln, and in 1588 he defeated and dispersed the Spanish Armada. At the time of the coronation of James I. Lord Howard became Lord High Steward of England.
HOWARD, HENRY, EARL OF NORTHAMPTON
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1. Gu., a bend between six crosses crosslet fitchée arg. _Howard._