Part 6

Being lately (sa usá ca adlao) in town, I received a letter from your teacher in which he strongly complained of you--Do not weep--now go into your room learn your lesson, and be a good boy (magma-ayo ca) otherwise (cun dili) you will get nothing for dinner--I shall be so good, my dear father, that you will certainly be satisfied with me--What must be do in order to be happy?--Love and practise virtue, and you will be happy both in this life and in the next--Since (cay) we wish to be happy, let us do good to the poor, and let us have pity on the unlucky (nalisdan)--Let us obey our masters, and never give them any trouble--How has my son behaved towards you?--He has behaved well towards me, for he behaves well towards every body--His father told him often: the behavior of others is but an echo of our behavior; if we behave well towards them, they will also behave well towards us; but if we use them ill, we must not expect, (dili atong pa-abuton) better from them, (ang batasan nila nga ma-ayo canato).

TWENTY FOURTH LESSON

OF THE PARTICLES NAHA, NAHI, NAPA, NASIG, NASIGHI, NANGI, NANHI, NANIG, NANUM, NANI.

NAHA or NAHI.

This particle is used to express that the action of the verb to which is joined, took place out of mind, or by chance. The present and past tenses are formed with naha or nahi; the future and imperative mood by putting maha or mahi and the infinitive mood with paha or pagpaha before the root. When speaking in passive, the present and past are formed with the particle hin, and the future and imperative with hi.

The particle naha admits only the passive of an, or the 3d passive, excepting the verb gugma which must be conjugated by the passive of on.

The roots Budlay, Butang and Bu-ut, change their initial B into M, to form the verbs.

To rest. Pagpahamudlay. To put one's in due place. Pagpahamutang. To be pleased with. Pagpahimu-ut

Examples:

I do not speak on purpose. Nahanayan acó sa pagsulti, or guihinaycan co ang pagsulti. He quite alone is enjoying of Nagahiagom sia nga usá ra sa cabilin our father's inheritance. sa amahán namo. Pardon me, I have trodden on you Pasaylo-a acó, cay naha-tonób acó unwillingly. canimo. Take rest for a moment, then Magpahamudlay usa camó cadiot, cay your walk was too far distant. hata-as man ca-ayo ang pagsoroy-soroy niñó.

Who does live in state of grace, Ang nahamutang sa pagcabutang sa will obtain after his dead, the gracia, sa oras sa iyang camatayon, everlasting life. macadangat sa quinabuhi nga dayon. Thou art my beloved son, in whom Icao man ang nahigugma cong anác, I have pleased myself. nga guihimu-utan co. Love God with all your heart. Higugmaon ang Dios sa tibo-oc nga casingcasing mo.

NAPA.

This particle is joined to the reflexive verbs, and signifies what the root points out. The present and past tenses are formed with napa; the future with mapa, and the imperative by means of pa.

Examples:

He remained at home to play. Napabilin sia sa balay sa pagdula-dula. Distrust of flattering words. Ayao icao palimbong sa mga maghohopo nga mga polong. Why do you remain here? ¿Nganong napabilin ca dinhi? I shall remain here till Mapabilin acó dinhi cutub ugma. to-morrow. Remain here. Pabilin ca.

Remark. As it may be seen by the examples, this particle has no passive voice.

NASIG.

This particle is placed before roots of reflexive verbs, and it is the most proper to express reciprocalness. Like the preceding, it has not passive voice, and its active tenses are formed with nasig the present and past, and by means of masig the future and imperative. As:

They two hate each other. Nasigdumut silang du-há. Come to an agreement between Masigsabút camó. yourselves. Help one another to reap as soon as Masigtabang camó, aron madali may be your ricegrounds. mahumán ang pagga-ad sa iñong mga basac.

NASIGHI.

This particle, as well as nasig signifies reciprocalness, but depending on any one circumstance. Its tenses are formed with nasighi and masighi respectively. It is also in lack of passive.

Love one another, and you will be Masighigugma camó ug mapaladan happy. camó. Arthur and Mary love each other. Si Arturo ug si Maria nasighiugma sila.

NANGI.

The particle nangi, is employed but with the root Laba, which signifies to ask for protection, to beg, to beseech any thing from God or from the Saints. Its tenses are formed with nangi and mangi respectively; and the passive by means of guipangi: the present and past tenses and with pangi the future and imperative moods. Examples:

I will beg the God's grace, in this Mangilaba acó sa Dios ni-ining trouble I am feeling. cayugot nga guiantus co. Beg His assistance to be delivered Pangilaba mo sia aron bauion ca from that temptation. nianang panolay.

NANHI

This particle governs only the roots Coco, Bungut and Quiqui. The active tenses are formed with nanhi and manhi; and in passive voice with guipanhi and panhi respectively. Examples:

He cuts himself the nails. Nanhingoco sia. He cleans himself the teeth. Nanhingiqui sia. He is shaving himself. Nanhimungut sia.

NANIG.

It is used before the adverb ingon, and signifies to imitate. It is conjugated with nanig and manig and with guipanig and panig respectively.

NANUM.

The particle nanum, is only used with the root Balay, Ex:

You are always running from house to house. Nanumbalay camó guihapon.

NANI.

This particle precedes to the roots Odto and hapon: and admits the three passives. Thus:

We have just dined. Naniodto na camé. Serve them the dinner. Paniodtohon mo sila. Will you take the supper here?. Manihapon ba camó dinhi?

Exercise XXIV.

How do you do?--Very well at your service--And how are all at home, your parents and your brothers?--Tolerably well, thank God--As for you, you are health itself: you cannot look better--Please to sit down, here is a chair--I will not detain you from your business I know that a merchant's time is precious--I have nothing to do at present, I only wished in passing, to inquire about your health--You do me much honor--What o'clock is it?--It is half past one--You say it is half past one, and by my watch (dinhi sa acong orasan) it is but half past twelve--Pardon me: (tabi canimo): it has not yet struck one--I assure you it is half-past one, for my watch goes very well--Who has arrived?--They say my cousin has arrived--Where does he come from?--He is coming from Manila--Has he spent a long time on the sea?--He has suffer a delay of fortnight, for the weather was very bad--Have you bought this hat in Manila?--I have not bought it, my cousin who has just arrived, has made me a present of it.

TWENTY FIFTH LESSON

IMPERSONAL VERBS.

The impersonal verbs are those which express the atmospherical phenomena, and are only used in the third person singular, compounded with the particle naga or mi out of the roots init and Tugnao which are compounded with na. Ex:

To dawn. Pagbanagbanag. To arrive at break of day. Pagcabuntag, eabuntagon. To grow dark. Pagcagabi-i, cagabhion. To rain like a deluge. Pagolan sa mabascug. To rain. Pagolan.

To drizzle. Pagalindahao. To lighten. Pagquilat. To thunder. Pagdalogdog, paglugung. It is raining. Nagaolan man. Is it lightening? Nagaquilat ba? It is thundering. Nagadalogdog. Is it warm? ¿Mainit ba? No: it is cold. Dili; matugnao man. To behave well towards. Ma-ayo ang batasan sa. He behaves well towards his Ma-ayo ang batasan nia sa iyang cousin. ig-agao. To behave ill. Dautan ang batasan. He use ill his friends. Dautan ang batasan nia sa mga higala nia. As he was always behave well Cay ma-ayo guihapon ang batasan nia towards me, I will not use him canaco, ma-ayo usab ang batasan co ill. cania. In vain. Bisan onsaon. In vain I look around, I saw Bisan onsaon co pagtan-ao sa libut neither house nor man; not the co, ualá acó ma-caquita ug balay, ug least sign of dwelling. ug balay, ug tao ug tima-an sa puluy-anan. We search in vain, for what we Bisan onsaon ta pagpangita, dili have lost, we cannot find. quitá macaquita sa naualá canato. What do you mean? ¿Onsay bu-ut ipamolong mo? I mean, hallo! Bu-ut cong ipamolong idiay! That does not mean any thing. Cana ualay casayuran. As long, as. Cun, pa. As long as you behave well, Cun ma-ayo pa ang batasan mo, people will love you. higugmaon ca. Unless. Cun dili. If it should happen that. Cun pananglit, Cun cailignon pa unta.

Although, Whatever. Bisan ogaling, Bisan dacó ogaling. Unless you speak her she will Cun dili ca magsulti cania, dili sia not answer you. mutu-bág canimo. Whatever be our patience,we will Bisan dacó ogaling ang pagantos ta never have enough. dili pa igo sa guihapon. Would to God! Unta, Hinaut unta. Would to God it were so! Agad unta nga mao cana ingon niana! May you be happy! Hinaut unta nga mapaladan ca! In order to.... Cay aron.... In order that.... Cay aron.... I send you this book in order Guipadalá co canimo quining libro that you may read it. cay aron basahon mo. By dint of. Tungud sa dacó. By dint of labour. Tungund sa dacong pag-buhat. The more, as. Ingon nga, labi pa cay. I am the more displeased with Ingon nga dili acó mu-angay sa imong your behaviour, as you are under batasan labi pa cay daghan ang utang many obligations to me. mong bu-ut canaco.

Exercise XXV.

Why is your mother troubled?--She troubles at receiving no news from her son who is in Spain--She must be not troubled about him, for whenever he gets into a bad scrape, he knows how to get out of it again--Last year, when we were to hunt together, night grow upon us (guicagabhian camé) very far from our house--Where did you pass the night?--At first I was very afflicted, but your brother not so: on the contrary, he tranquillized me, so that I lost my restlessness--We found at last a shepherd's hut where we spent the night--There I had opportunity to observe the cleverness of your brother--A few canes of a truss of straw served him to make a comfortable bed--He used a bottle as a candlestick, and with two or three birds he prepared the most comfortable supper--Where we awoke in the morning we were as rested and healthy as if we had slept on the most comfortable bed in the world.

TWENTY SIXTH LESSON

DEFECTIVE VERBS.

The defective verbs of this dialect are employed but in coexistent past, putting the person in genitive case. They are eight in number, as follows:

1.o Apat, governs the subordinate verb in the subjunctive mood, as:

You had better not come. Apat nga ualá icao muanhi.

2.o Buuti, signifies, from what I can see, in my opinion, and must be placed at the end of the sentence, Thus:

In my opinion, that is what he Mao man cana, buuti ang gui-ingon said. nia.

3.o Matod or polong, is made use of, when citing the saying or sentence of any one, as:

Says St. Austin. Matod or polong ni San Agustin. According to what I say or said. Matod co, polong co. According to what the holy Bible Matod sa santos nga Sulát. says.

4.o Abi. This verb is employed in the coexistent past, placing the personal pronoun in genitive case, as:

Did you think I was not here? ¿Abi mo ba nga ualá acó dinhi? He thought I had told it. Abi nia acoy nagaingon.

5.o Bacut co, Baut co. It is employed with the first person of the absolute preterit of indicative mood, thus:

I thought he would come home. Baut co nga muanhi sia sa balay.

6.o Ambut.

I do not know where is the Father. Ambut hain ba ang Pare.

7.o Conó. This verb must be always placed at the end of the sentence, and answers to the English dictions "It is said" "They or people say".

People say Mr. John has died. Namatay conó si señor Juan. It is said that she is very handsome. Ma-anindut conó sia.

8.o Bantug.

It is a report that the Guibantug nga hado-ol ang mga insurgents are near. insurrecto. The story goes, Mr John died Bantug nga namatay cahapon si Sr. yesterday. Juan. How far? ¿Asa cutub? How far did you go? ¿Asa ba cutub adto icao? As far as there. Didto cutub. Knee high. Cutub (hasta) sa tohod. Down to the end of the street. Cutub sa catapusan sa dalan.

The whole family down the very Ang mga caubanan nga tanan hasta sa cat and dog. iring ug iró. On this side. Dinhi sa luyó. Take care, for the snake is Magbantay ca, cay anha ra natago behind the door. ang saoa sa luyó sa tacop. Thus, So, In this manner. Ingon ni-ini. How this word is written? Guionsa ba ang pagsulát ni-ining polong? In this manner. Ingon ni-ini.

Exercise XXVI.

Why are you at variance with John?--Because he always finds faults with every thing he sees--What does that mean?--That means that I do not like to speak with you, because you are a liar--Do you wish to know why did not write your brother his exercise?--Because it was too difficult--He has sat up all night and has not been able to do it, because it was out of his reach (cay canang tema dili mahimo nia)--As soon as (igo) Peter sees me, he begins to speak Bisaya, in order to practise, (sa pagsumay-sumay) and overwhelms me with attentions; so that I often do not know what to answer. --His brothers do the same, however, (bisan pa niana) they are very good people--They are not only rich and amiable, but they are also generous and charitable.--They love me sincerely; therefore (busa) I love them also, and shall never say any thing against their reputation, I should love them still more (dacó pa ngani unta ang paghigugma co canila) if they did not make so much ceremony; but every man has his faults, aid my fault is to speak too much of their compliments.

TWENTY SEVENTH LESSON

PRACTICAL SENTENCES

To die, to lose life. Pagcamatay. I shall die, for it is appointed Mamatay man acó, cay sugo man sa unto men one to die. Dios nga mamatay ang tao sa macausá da. The man died this morning, and Ang lalaqui namatay caniha sa his wife died also this buntag, ug ang asaoa nia caron afternoon. hapon. Far off, from far. Sa halayó. That picture is seen far off. Ma-ayo tan-aon canang cuadro sa halayó. What has become of your sister? ¿Naonsa ba ang imong igso-on nga babaye? I do not know, what has become of Ambut cun naonsa ba sia. her. What is your name? ¿Quinsay ngalan mo? My name is Hope. Si Esperanza ang ngalan co. How this is called in Bisaya? ¿Onsa ba ang ngalan ni-ini sa Binisaya? I do not know. Ambut, Inay. Rather, Rather than. Ona. He has arrived sooner than I. Sia miabut pagona canaco. Easy. Masayón. Difficult. Malisud. Useful. May pulus. Useless. Ualay pulus. Is it useful to write a good ¿May pulus ba ang pagsulát ca-ayo? deal? It is useful. May pulus man. It is bad, Wrong. Dautan man. Is it right to take the property ¿Ma-ayo ba ang pagcuha sa mga of others? manggad nga dili caugalingon? Opposite. Sa atubangan, Sa atbang.

Opposite this house. Sa atubangan ni-ining balay. In several manners. Sa pagcalain-lain. You have written in several Guilain-lain mo ang pagsulál ug manners, but always bad. dautan guihapon ang pagsulát mo. I live opposite the Church. Nagapuyó acó atbang sa Singbahan. To be born. Pagcatao. Where were you born? ¿Hain ca ba natao? I was born in Tagbilaran. Natao man acó sa Tagbilaran. Where was your sister born? ¿Di-in ba natao ang imong igso-on nga babaye? She was born in Bais. Natao sia sa Bais To lose sight off. Pagcaualá sa matá. The steamer is so far off, that Ingon ca halayó ang vapor, nga sa we shall soon lose sight of it. madali ma-ualá sa mga matá ta. To suspect, To guess. Pagcatahap. I suspect what you have done. Natahap acó sa imong guibuhat. On purpose. Tinuyo Did you beat my dog on purpose? ¿Tinuyo (guituyo) mo ba ang paghampac sa iró co? Towards. Dapit. He comes towards me. Mianhi sia dapit canaco.

Exercise XXVII.

I suspected that you would be thirsty and your brother hungry; that is the reason (busa man ngani) I brought you hither--I am sorry, however, not to see your mother--Why do you not drink coffee?--If I were not sleepy I would drink it--Sometimes you are sleepy, sometimes cold, sometimes are you hungry and sometimes thirsty--A man having seen that old men used spectacles (nagasalamin) to read, went to a merchant and asked for a pair. The man then took a book, and having opened it, said the spectacles were not good. The merchant gave him another pair of the best, which he could find in his shop; but the man being still unable to read, the merchant said to him: "My friend, do you know how to read"?--If I know to read, answered the man, I should not want your spectacles.

TWENTY EIGHTH LESSON

PRACTICAL SENTENCES

To be naked. Paghubo It is a man naked there. Didto may usá ca tao nga nahubo-an. I had like to have lost my money Diriot maualá ang acong salapi. He was very near falling. Diriot maholog sia. He was within a hair's breadth of Diriot papation sia. being killed. He had liked to have died. Diriot sia namatay. Thunderbolt. Linti. A thunderbolt struck the boat. Guilintian ang sacayan. The flower. Ang bulac. To blossom. Pagpamulac. To grow. Pagtubo. All over. Bisan asa, Bisan di-in. Under the shade. Sa landong. Let us sit down under the shade of Mulingcod quitá sa landong that tree. niadtong cahuy. This man pretends to sleep under Quining tao nagapacatolog dihá sa the shade of this table. landong ni-ining lamesa. Alone. Da, Lamang. I was there alone. Didto acó rang usá. One person only. Usá ra ca persona. One God and three persons. Usá ra ca Dios ug totoló ca personas.

God alone can do this. Ang Dios lamang ang macabuhat ni-ini. He arrived poor, grew rich in a Sa pagabut nia, mahangul man sia, short time, and lost all in a nacasalapi sia sa macariot ug sa shorter time. macariot pa naualá cania ang ngatanan. Any thing to be over. Humán, Hurút. And now: what are you going to do? Ug caron: ¿onsay bubuhaton mo? Now I will say: "It is over". Caron muingon acó: "Tapus na, Human na".

Exercise XXVIII.

Being one day hunting the Emperor Charles V. lost his way in the forest, and having arrived to a house he went in, in order to rest himself. There were there four men, who affect to sleep. One of them got up, and approaching to the Emperor told him he had dreamed he should take his watch, and took it. Then another rose and said that he had dreamed his overcoat fitted him well, and took it. The third took his purse. At last, the four came up and said: "I hope you will not take it ill if I search you" and in doing it saw around the Emperor's neck a golden chain to which a whistle was tied, which he wishes to rob him of; but the Emperor said: "my good friend, before depriving me of this jewel (hias) I must teach you its virtue, and saying this, he whistled. His attendants who were seeking him, hastened to the house and were astonished of seeing his majesty in such a state. But the Emperor seeing himself out of danger (gaoas sa calisud) said: "behold, these men who have dreamed all that they like. I wish in my turn to dream" and after a short musing, he said: "I have dreamed that you all four deserve to be hanged" which was not sooner spoken than executed before the house.

END.

KEY TO THE EXERCISES

I.

¿Na-a ba canimo ang pan? Oo, ania canaco ang pan. Na-a ba canimo ang imong pan? Ania canaco ang acong pan. Na-a ba canimo ang asin? Ania canaco ang asin. Na-a ba canimo ang acong asin? Ania canaco ang imong asin. Na-a ba canimo ang sabon? Ania canaco ang sabon. Onsa nga sabon ang ana-a canimo? Ania canaco ang imong sabon. Onsa nga sinina ang na-a canimo? Ania canaco ang acong sinina. Daghan ba ang imong salapi? Daghan man ang acong salapi. Hain ba ang imong igso-on nga babae? Tua didto sa tanaman sa mga bulac. Hain ba ang imong amahan? Ania dinhi.

II.

Ma-ayong buntag canimo: comusta ca? Ma-ayo man acó calo-oy sa Dios. Taga di-in ca ba? Taga España man acó. Taga di-in ca nga longsod? Taga Cornago. Hain ba ang acong libro? Ania canaco. Quinsa ba canang dalaga? Sia man si Catalina. Hain ba ang acong caban? Tua sa bata. Na-a ba canimo ang acong mga vaso nga matahum? Ania canaco. Na-a ba canimo ang mga matahum nga cabayo sa acong mga silingan? Ualá canaco. Quinsa ca ba? Acó man si Juan. Icao ba ang Amahan ni Pedro? Acó man.

III.