Elements of Morals With Special Application of the Moral Law to the Duties of the Individual and of Society and the State

How is one habit to be substituted for another?--Aristotle's rule: To go from one extreme to the other.--Bacon's rules: 1, to proceed by degrees; 2, to choose for a new virtue t...

=The family.=--Origin and history of the family.--The family originating in the necessity of the perpetuation of the species, has gradually gained in morality until it has reach...

=Utility of morals.=--Morals are useful: 1, in protecting us against the sophisms which combat them; 2, in fixing principles in the mind; 3, in teaching us to reflect upon the m...

=Of property.=--Its fundamental principle; work sanctioned by law. Communistic Utopia.--Inequality of wealth: it is founded on nature, but should not be aggravated by the law.--...

=Duties of benefactors.=--1, The benefaction consists rather in the sentiment than in the thing given; 2, one should not trouble one's self if the benefaction results in ingrati...

=93. Division of social work.=--Independently of the general duties to which man is held, as man or member of a particular group (family, country), there are still others relati...

The different standpoints from which one may condemn suicide: 1, either as contrary to the duties toward men; 2, or to the duties toward God; 3, or, lastly, to the duties toward...

The different duties of man toward himself, considered as a moral being, are naturally deduced from the divers faculties of which this moral being is composed. Plato is the firs...

=75. Three groups of societies.=--Cicero and Fenelon remark that there are three sorts of societies among men: the first comprises the whole of _humanity_; the last, which is th...

=Duties relative to the will.--Strength of soul.=--All duty in general is relative to the will: for there is not any which does not require the control of the will over the incl...

It is not our purpose to speak here of the different forms of religious thought among men: this is the special domain of conscience; but among all these forms, is there no commo...

After self-preservation, the most sacred prerogative of man is _liberty_--that is to say, the right of using his faculties, both physical and moral, without injury to others, at...

=Division of duties.=--In theory there is but one duty, which is to do right; but this duty is subdivided according to the various relations of man. Hence three classes of dutie...

=142. Necessity of external goods.=--External goods are as necessary to man as is his body: for it is in the first place a fundamental law of beings physically organized, that t...

=Division of the duties of justice.=--Four kinds of duties: 1, towards the life of others; 2, towards the liberty of others; 3, towards the honor of others; 4, towards the prope...

=Defensive and offensive wars.=--This division does not necessarily correspond to that of just or unjust wars.--Precautions and preparations.--Duties in times of war: to reconci...