c. 24 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ παραγγέλλουσι ποιεῖν οἱ τεχνογράφοι), and

=παραγγελματικός= =214= 9 (= _plenus praeceptis_, _doctrinis_, _regulis_).

=παράδειγμα.= =92= 5, =136= 2, =152= 3, =214= 6, =232= 23, =240= 24, etc. _Instance._ Lat. _exemplum_. τὰ παραδείγματα is often used of appropriate (perhaps customary, or stock) examples: cp. _de Isocr._ cc. 10, 15, _de Demosth._ cc. 13 (middle), 53, and contrast _de Lysia_ c. 34 and _de Demosth._ cc. 13 (end), 20.

=παραδιώκειν.= =206= 13. _To hurry along._ Lat. _abripere_. Cp. the use of συνδεδιωγμένον in Long. _de Subl._ c. 21, and of κατεσπευσμένα c. 19 _ibid._—Usener adopts, in this passage, his own conjecture παραμεμιγμένας.

=παράθεσις.= =130= 25, =154= 11, =166= 9, etc. _Placing._ Lat. _collocatio_.

=παρακεκινδυνευμένος.= =234= 16. _Daring_, _bold_, _venturesome_. Lat. _audax_ (as in Hor. _Carm._ iv. 2. 10). Fr. _aventuré_. Cp. Aristoph. _Ran._ 99 τοιουτονί τι παρακεκινδυνευμένον, | αἰθέρα Διὸς δωμάτιον, ἢ χρόνου πόδα: and see s.v. ἐπικίνδυνος p. 299 _supra_. The word is used also in _de Lys._ c. 13, _de Isocr._ c. 13, _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 2.

=παρακολουθεῖν.= =108= 6, =130= 26, =136= 12. _To accompany._ Lat. _accidere_, _consequi_.

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=παραλαμβάνειν.= =144= 14, =172= 12, =260= 2, =264= 14. _To introduce_, _to employ_. Lat. _assumere_, _adhibere_.

=παραλλαγή.= =152= 8, 15, 22. _Divergence._ Lat. _discrimen_, _permutatio_.

=παραπλήρωμα.= =116= 3, =166= 17. _Supplement_, _expletive_. Lat. _explementum_, _complementum_. Cp. Cic. _Or._ 69. 230 “apud alios autem et Asiaticos maxime numero servientes inculcata reperias inania quaedam verba quasi complementa numerorum”; and also Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παραπληρωματικός. The word occurs elsewhere in Dionysius: _de Isocr._ c. 3, _de Demosth._ cc. 19, 39.

=παρατιθέναι.= =104= 1. _To bring forward_, _to cite_. Lat. _apponere_, _in medium adducere_.

=παραυξάνειν (παραύξειν).= =128= 19, =152= 18. _To lengthen_, _to augment_. Lat. _augere_.

=παρέκτασις.= =154= 21. _Prolongation._ Lat. _extensio_.

=παρεμφαίνειν.= =108= 5. _To hint at_, _to indicate_. Lat. _obiter indicare_. Cp. Demetr. p. 297.

=παρεμφατικός.= =102= 20. _Indicative._ Lat. _indicativus_. Cp. ἀπαρέμφατος p. 289 _supra_.

=παρέργως.= =100= 25. _By the way_, _cursorily_. Lat. _obiter_.

=παρθενωπός.= =234= 15. _Of maiden aspect._ Lat. _qui virgineo vultu est_. The word seems to occur elsewhere only in Eurip. _El._ 948 ἀλλ’ ἔμοιγ’ εἴη πόσις | μὴ παρθενωπός, ἀλλὰ τἀνδρείου τρόπου [Gilbert Murray: “Ah, that girl-like face! | God grant not that, not that, but some plain grace | Of manhood to the man who brings me love”]. Cp. Cic. _Orat._ 19. 64 “nihil iratum habet [oratio philosophorum], nihil invidum, nihil atrox, nihil miserabile, nihil astutum; casta, verecunda, _virgo incorrupta_ quodam modo.”

=πάρισος.= =116= 8, =212= 7, =246= 6. _Parallel in structure._ Lat. _qui constat similibus membris_. Cp. Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 9. 9 παρίσωσις δ’ ἐὰν ἴσα τὰ κῶλα, παρομοίωσις δ’ ἐὰν ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα ἔχῃ ἑκάτερον τὸ κῶλον (where ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα indicates final letters that rhyme).

=παριστάναι.= =154= 19. _To represent_, _to describe_. Lat. _depingere_. Cp. Long. p. 282.

=παρόμοιος.= =212= 8, =246= 6. _Parallel in sound._ Lat. _qui constat similibus sonis_.

=παχύτης.= =184= 21. _Stupidity_, _fat-headedness_. Lat. _stupor_, _ingenium crassum_. Cp. D.H. p. 200, s.v. παχύς.

=πεζός.= =70= 3, =76= 2, =80= 3, =108= 11, etc. _In prose_, _prosaic_. Lat. _pedester_. πεζὴ λέξις, πεζὴ διάλεκτος, πεζὸς λόγος, πεζοὶ λόγοι = _oratio soluta_. Cp. Quintil. x. 1. 81 “multum enim supra prosam orationem et quam pedestrem Graeci vocant surgit [Plato].” In =120= 27 the metaphor seems still to be strongly felt—‘marching on foot,’ ‘pedestrian.’

=πειθώ.= =84= 11. _Persuasiveness._ Lat. _persuadendi vis_.

=πεῖρα.= =66= 14, =102= 21, =256= 5, etc. _Experience._ Lat. _experientia_.

=πεντάμετρος.= =256= 23. _Consisting of five metrical feet._ Lat. _pentameter_.

=πεντάχρονος.= =262= 9. _Consisting of five times._ Lat. _qui constat temporibus quinque_. See s.v. χρόνοι p. 333 _infra_.

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=πεποιημένος.= =78= 17, =252= 24. _Invented_, _original_, _newly-coined_. Lat. _factus_, _novatus_ (Cic. _de Orat._ iii. 38. 154; i. 34. 155). Fr. _forgé tout exprès_. Cp. Aristot. _Poet._ xxi. 9; Demetr. p. 297; Quintil. viii. 6. 32 “vix illa, quae πεποιημένα vocant, quae ex vocibus in usum receptis quocunque modo declinantur, nobis permittimus, qualia sunt _Sullaturit_ et _proscripturit_.”

=περιβόητος.= =180= 7. _Notorious_, _celebrated_. Lat. _decantatus_, _celebratus_.

=περίοδος.= =72= 7, 10, =104= 10, =116= 2, etc. _Period._ Lat. _periodus_, _comprehensio_, _verborum ambitus_, etc. See Demetr. p. 298 for various references and equivalents, and also p. 323 (Index); Sandys’ _Orator_ p. 217; Laurand’s _Études_ pp. 126, 128.—According to Dionysius, the period should not be used to excess [see n. on =118= 15]. Another weakness of the periodic construction is elsewhere noted by him: τοῦτο δὲ [sc. τὸ παθητικὸν] ἥκιστα δέχεται περίοδος (_de Isocr._ c. 2).

=περισπασμός.= =128= 10. _The circumflex accent._ Lat. _circumflexio_, _accentus circumflexus_. Cp. =περισπωμένας= =126= 11: ‘drawn around,’ ‘twisted,’ ‘circumflexed.’ Aristotle denotes the circumflex accent by the term ‘middle’: ἔστιν δὲ αὐτὴ μὲν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ, πῶς αὐτῇ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρὸς ἕκαστον πάθος, οἷον πότε μεγάλῃ καὶ πότε μικρᾷ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ πῶς τοῖς τόνοις, οἷον ὀξείᾳ καὶ βαρείᾳ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ ῥυθμοῖς τίσι πρὸς ἕκαστα (Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 1. 4).

=περιστέλλειν.= =142= 16. _To contract_, _to pucker up_. Lat. _contrahere_.

=περιττός.= =74= 13, =84= 8, =182= 4, 7. _Extraordinary_, _richly wrought_; _exceedingly good_, _unsurpassed_. Lat. _excellens_, _curiosus_, _elaboratus_. Cp. Long. _de Subl._ xl. 2 (where the word is opposed to κοινὸς καὶ δημώδης), iii. 4, xxxv. 3. See also _de Isocr._ c. 3, _de Demosth._ cc. 8, 56, _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 2 (περιττολογία): also Demetr. p. 298 (περισσοτεχνία).

=περιφανής.= =244= 18. _Seen on every side._ Lat. _conspicuus_. So =περιφάνεια= =210= 17, =234= 2 (‘so that each word should admit an all-round view of it’).—PMV give περιφανές (not περιφερές) in =246= 3.

=περιφερής.= =206= 15, =230= 31, =246= 3. _Circular_, _rounded_. Lat. _rotundus_. Cp. [Dionys. Hal.] _Ars Rhet._ x. 13 τὰ στρογγύλα καὶ τὰ περιφερῆ λέγειν προοίμια. In Demetr. _de Eloc._ § 13 περιφερεῖς στέγαι = _vaulted roofs_.

=πεφυκέναι= (c. infin.). =66= 16, =70= 3, =104= 16, etc. _To have a gift for_, _a liking for_. Lat. _solere_, _amare_.

=πεφυλαγμένως.= =148= 1. _Guardedly._ Lat. _caute_. The word is used in the Attic period by Xenophon and Isocrates.

=πιέζειν.= =144= 21, =148= 16, =220= 18, =230= 12. _To close tight_, _to compress_. Lat. _comprimere_.

=πιθανός.= =98= 17, 20, =100= 17, =120= 21. _Attractive_, _plausible_. Lat. _probabilis_, _verisimilis_.

=πικρός.= =232= 15. _Bitter_, _harsh_. Lat. _acerbus_. So =πικραίνειν= =130= 19, =154= 13, =216= 17.

=πίνος.= =120= 23, =136= 16, =212= 24, =236= 8. _Mellowing deposit_, _tinge of antiquity_, _flavour of archaism_. Lat. _antiquitas_, _antiquitas impexa_ (Tac. _Dial._ c. 20), _nitor obsoletus_ (_Auct. ad Her._ iv. 4. 46). There is a suggestion of _négligé_ or _abandon_ about the word, but on the whole it is not uncomplimentary: cp. _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 2 ὅ τε πίνος ὁ τῆς ἀρχαιότητος ἠρέμα αὐτῇ καὶ λεληθότως ἐπιτρέχει, and _de Demosth._ c. 38 ἀλλ’ [ἵνα] ἐπανθῇ τις αὐταῖς χνοῦς ἀρχαιοπινὴς καὶ χάρις ἀβίαστος. The compound εὐπίνεια is found in Long. _de Subl._ xxx. 1. There is a scholium (preserved in M) on =120= 23, which is, unfortunately, vague and uncertain: =πῖνος= κυρίως ὁ ῥύπος, ἀφ’ οὗ πιναρὰ ῥάκη. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐπανθοῦν τισὶ χνοῶδες ὡς ἐπὶ μήλων καὶ ἀπίων. ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λόγου τὸ ἐπιφαινόμενον αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ συνθήκῃ τῆς λέξεως ποιὸν πίνον ὀνομάζει. ἔστι δὲ πῖνος καὶ ὄνομα τόπου.

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=πλάγιος.= =106= 20. _Oblique._ Lat. _obliquus_ (_casus_).

=πλανᾶσθαι.= =254= 16, =270= 18. _To wander_, _to be irregular_. Lat. _vagari_. Used in reference to vague, elastic metre. So περιπεπλανημένα μέτρα in _de Demosth._ c. 50.

=πλάσμα.= =90= 6, =118= 24. _Cast_, _form_. Lat. _imago_, _forma dicendi_. Cp. _Ep. ad Pomp._ c. 4 ὕψος δὲ καὶ κάλλος καὶ μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον ἰδίως πλάσμα ἱστορικὸν Ἡρόδοτος ἔχει (viz. “elevation, beauty, stateliness, and what is specifically called the ‘historical vein’”); Long. _de Subl._ xv. 8 ποιητικὸν τοῦ λόγου καὶ μυθῶδες τὸ πλάσμα (the ‘form’). In _de Demosth._ c. 34 πλάσμα seems to have the same meaning as χαρακτῆρ in c. 33 _ibid._ [The musical meaning of _moulded delivery_, _modulation_ does not emerge in the _C.V._]

=πλάστης.= =264= 2. _Modeller, in clay or wax._ Lat. _fictor_.

=πλάτος.= =210= 9, =212= 1, =246= 19. _Breadth._ Lat. _latitudo_. So =πλατύς= =244= 18. In =210= 9 the meaning is, ‘belongs to the class of ideas which are regarded with a wide indefiniteness.’ So in Latin _platice_ = πλατικῶς = ‘broadly,’ ‘generally’: cp. Usener _Rhein. Mus._ xxiv. 311. See also under ἀπαρτίζειν, p. 289 _supra_.

=πλεονάζειν.= =146= 13, =214= 12. _To exceed due bounds._ Lat. _redundare_. So =πλεονασμός=, _redundantia_, =110= 15.

=πληγή.= =142= 4, 16, =144= 5. _Stroke_, _impact_. Lat. _ictus_, _percussio_.

=πληθυντικῶς.= =106= 18. _In the plural number._ Lat. _pluraliter_.

=πλοκή.= =72= 5, =130= 22, =166= 9. _Combination._ Lat. _copulatio_.

=πλούσιος.= =92= 18. _Rich._ Lat. _opulentus_. The word is contrasted with =πτωχός= (=92= 17), _beggarly_, _mendicus_: for which cp. the expression τῇ λέξει πτωχεύειν in the passage quoted, from Chrysostom, under ἀπαγγελία p. 288 _supra_.

=πνίγειν.= =142= 18. _To stifle_, _to smother_. Lat. _suffocare_.

=ποίημα.= =76= 10, =78= 5, =100= 23, =154= 2, =166= 4, =192= 8, =250= 10, 16, =254= 4, 7, =272= 14. _Poem_; _line of a poem_ (in this sense, more commonly στίχος or ἔπος). Lat. _poëma_, _versus_. So =ποιεῖν= =208= 9, ‘to write poetry,’ and =ποιητής= =74= 8 (but in =214= 16 ποιηταί means ‘writers’ generally: cp. _de Demosth._ c. 37 παρ’ οὐδενὶ οὔτε ἐμμέτρων οὔτε πεζῶν ποιητῇ λόγων). ποίημα sometimes refers specially to epic and dramatic poetry (in contrast to song-poetry). In =64= 10 the meaning is ‘product’ simply. For ‘poetry’ =ποίησις= is found: =214= 1, 2, =252= 24, =270= 21, =274= 7, =276= 10.

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=ποιητικός.= =70= 2, 4, =108= 11, =206= 20, =208= 8, 19, =252= 20, 23, 29, etc. _Poetical._ Lat. _poëticus_. In =136= 11 the meaning is ‘productive of.’

=ποικιλία.= =130= 13, =192= 18, =196= 17, 25, =198= 5. _Variety_, _decoration_. Lat. _varietas_. So =ποικίλλειν= =132= 13, =192= 20, =196= 9; and =ποικίλος= =110= 11, =154= 19, =160= 10, etc. ποικίλος may be rendered by such adjectives as ‘elaborate,’ ‘curious,’ ‘laborious,’ ‘multifarious,’ ‘kaleidoscopic,’ ‘ever-varying.’

=πολιτικός.= =64= 15, =72= 17, =124= 21, =130= 10, =214= 1, 5, =254= 25, =266= 7, =272= 20. _Civil_, _parliamentary_, _political_, _public_. Lat. _civilis_. See D.H. p. 203 for an explanatory note on πολιτικός. In =72= 17, P has ῥητορικοῖς ἀνδράσι, which is an unlikely periphrasis for ῥήτορσι (=104= 8), but may well indicate the _general meaning_ of πολιτικοῖς ἀνδράσι: cp. _de Demosth._ c. 23 ταῦτα δὲ πολιτικοῖς καὶ ῥήτορσιν ἀνδράσι μελήσει. Compare generally, in Aristot. _Poet._ c. vi., the words τῆς πολιτικῆς καὶ ῥητορικῆς ἔργον ἐστίν, and οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι πολιτικῶς ἐποίουν λέγοντας, οἱ δὲ νῦν ῥητορικῶς.

=πολύμετρος.= =272= 5. _Of many measures or metres._ Lat. _qui multis constat metris_.

=πολύμορφος.= =160= 12. _Of many forms._ Lat. _multiformis_. Cp. =πολυειδής= =196= 25, =πολυειδῶς= =270= 11.

=πολυπραγμονεῖν.= =264= 6. _To bother about._ Lat. _summa cura elaborare_.

=πολυσύλλαβος.= =126= 14, =132= 5. _With many syllables._ Lat. _qui syllabis pluribus constat_.

=πολύφωνος.= =160= 23. _Of many voices._ Lat. _qui multas voces emittit_. Used of the variety of tones in Homer’s ‘composition.’ In the _de Sublim._ c. xxxiv. the term is applied to Hypereides, who οὐ πάντα ἑξῆς καὶ μονοτόνως [i.e. at one sustained high pitch] ὡς ὁ Δημοσθένης λέγει.

=πούς.= =86= 1, =168= 12, =172= 20, =174= 22, 24, =178= 7, =184= 1, =256= 9, 12, =258= 19, =260= 3. _Metrical foot._ Lat. _pes_. τὸ δ’ αὐτὸ καλῶ πόδα καὶ ῥυθμόν =168= 11. Aristoxenus, Ῥυθμικὰ στοιχεῖα ii. 16, writes: ᾧ σημαινόμεθα τὸν ῥυθμὸν καὶ γνώριμον ποιοῦμεν τῇ αἰσθήσει, πούς ἐστιν εἷς ἢ πλείους. Cope (_Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric_ p. 383) thinks that Dionysius neglects the important distinction between βάσις, the unit of rhythm, and πούς, the unit of metre. Goodell (_Greek Metric_ p. 47) thus paraphrases a passage of Marius Victorinus (p. 44 K.): “Between foot and ‘rhythmus’ there is this difference, that a foot cannot exist without rhythm, but a ‘rhythmus’ moves rhythmically without being divisible into feet.” [It is this kind of ‘rhythmus’ that counts in rhythmical prose.]

=πραγματεία.= =68= 8, 14, 17, =70= 8, etc. _Inquiry_, _treatise_, _work_. Lat. _studium_, _commentatio_, _opus_. So =πραγματεύεσθαι= =106= 5, 10, =140= 22, =268= 7.

=πραγματικός.= =66= 6. _Pertaining to subject matter or invention._ Lat. _negotialis_. Cp. Quintil. iii. 7. 1 “a parte negotiali, hoc est πραγματικῇ.” The πραγματικὸς τόπος (“tractatio rerum et sententiarum”) covers subject matter, things, thoughts; the λεκτικὸς τόπος includes expression, form, style.

=πραΰς.= =162= 5, =244= 21. _Gentle._ Lat. _lenis_. Cp. Demetr. p. 299.

=πρέπον, τό.= =120= 19, =122= 13, =124= 11, =136= 12, =198= 13, 14. _Propriety_, _appropriateness_, _fitness_. Lat. _decorum_. Fr. _la convenance_. Cp. Cic. _Orat._ 21. 70 “ut enim in vita, sic in oratione nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre. πρέπον appellant hoc Graeci; nos dicamus sane decorum; de quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur et res est cognitione dignissima: huius ignoratione non modo in vita, sed saepissime et in poëmatis et in oratione peccatur.” The Greek rhetoricians drew the term from the language of ethics. Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 7. 1 τὸ δὲ πρέπον ἕξει ἡ λέξις, ἐὰν ᾖ παθητική τε καὶ ἠθικὴ καὶ τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις πράγμασιν ἀνάλογον. So =πρεπώδης= =106= 17.

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=πριάπειος.= =86= 8. _Priapean_: as a metrical term. Lat. _Priapeius_. Effeminate and ribald verse, written in honour of Priapus, and involving a mutilation of the heroic line.

=προέκθεσις.= =242= 2. _A prefatory account._ Lat. _expositio antea data_.

=πρόθεσις.= =70= 21, =108= 16, =220= 6. _Preposition._ Lat. _praepositio_.

=πρόνοια.= =184= 16, =186= 1. _Deliberation._ Lat. _consilium_.

=προοίμιον.= =224= 24, =252= 3. _Introduction._ Lat. _exordium_.

=προπετής.= =244= 22. _Flowing._ Lat. _volubilis_, _profluens_.

=προσαγόρευσις.= =260= 22. _Address._ Lat. _allocutio_, _compellatio_.

=προσερανίζειν.= =116= 4. _To augment._ Lat. _cumulare_. The period in question has been aided (so to say) by the alms of expletives. For the metaphor cp. συνερανιζόμενα _de Isocr._ c. 3 and ἔρανον _de Imitat._ B. vi. 2.

=προσερείδειν.= =148= 22. _To drive against._ Lat. _impingere_, _allidere_. In =220= 24 προσανίστασθαι is similarly used of ‘rising against.’

=προσεχής.= =84= 6. _Obvious_, _natural_, _allied_, _appropriate_. Lat. _proximus_, _cognatus_ (_cum re coniunctus_). In =258= 24 the sense is ‘adjoining.’

=προσηγορικός.= =70= 17, =102= 17, 18, =218= 6, 11, =220= 7, 16, =222= 24, =230= 1. _Appellative._ Lat. _appellativus_. ὄνομα προσηγορικόν = _common noun_, Lat. _nomen appellativum_. It would appear from Dionysius Thrax (_Ars Grammatica_ p. 23 Uhlig) that ὄνομα might include προσηγορία (= ὄνομα προσηγορικόν), while προσηγορία could cover participles (μετοχαί) and adjectives (ἐπίθετα) as well as common nouns. But the strict division is that of proper names and general terms, as given by Dionysius Thrax (_ibid._ pp. 33, 34): κύριον μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ τὴν ἰδίαν οὐσίαν, σημαῖνον, οἷον =Ὅμηρος=, =Σωκράτης=. προσηγορικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ τὴν κοινὴν οὐσίαν σημαῖνον, οἷον =ἄνθρωπος=, =ἵππος=. In such passages as =222= 24 and =230= 1 ‘adjective’ would be an appropriate modern rendering. Quintil. i. 4. 21 “_vocabulum_ an _appellatio_ dicenda sit προσηγορία et subicienda nomini necne, quia parvi refert, liberum opinaturis relinquo.” In =272= 25 =προσηγορία= = _appellation._

=προσίστασθαι.= =132= 8. _To offend._ Lat. _obstrepere_. Cp. _de Isocr._ c. 2 προσιστάμενος ταῖς ἀκοαῖς, c. 14 _ibid._ τῷ γὰρ μὴ ἐν καιρῷ γίνεσθαι, μηδ’ ἐν ὥρᾳ, προσίστασθαί φημι ταῖς ἀκοαῖς, _Antiqq. Rom._ i. 8 μονοειδεῖς γὰρ ἐκεῖναί τε καὶ ταχὺ προσιστάμεναι (= _cito offendunt_) τοῖς ἀκούουσιν.

=προσκατασκευάζειν.= =110= 14 (v.l. προκατασκευάζειν). _To model further_, _remodel_. Lat. _insuper instruere_.

=προσοδιακός.= =86= 3. _Processional_: see n. _ad loc._

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=προσῳδία.= =128= 12, =196= 17, =268= 20. _Accent._ Lat. _accentus_. The word is defined in =196= 17 τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι προσῳδίαι. See further s.v. τόνος p. 329 _infra_, and compare Bywater _Aristotle on the Art of Poetry_ p. 336 “προσῳδία with Aristotle comprises accent, breathing, and quantity—all the elements in the spoken word which in the ancient mode of writing were left to be supplied by the reader.” The symbols used in accentuation are supposed to have been introduced by Aristophanes of Byzantium, if not by some still earlier scholar, in order to recall to Greeks and teach foreign learners the true intonation of the language, which was in danger of being corrupted and forgotten when the Greek world grew vast and came to include so many foreign elements.

=πρόσωπον.= =160= 18, =198= 23. _Person_, _character_. Lat. _persona_. Cp. Demetr. p. 300.

=πτῶσις.= =106= 20, =108= 4, =132= 7, =212= 20, =264= 4. _Grammatical case._ Lat. _casus_. ‘_Verbal_ cases’ are mentioned in =108= 4; in Aristotle the term πτῶσις includes inflexions in general.

=πυρρίχιος.= =168= 17. _Pyrrhic._ Lat. _pyrrhichius_. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ.

=ῥῆμα.= =70= 13, 21, =168= 10, =218= 6, 7, =264= 5. _Verb._ Lat. _verbum_. So =ῥηματικός= =108= 4 (_verbal_), =220= 17 (_verbal form_).

=ῥήτωρ.= =74= 8, =132= 22, =166= 12, =200= 14, =206= 25, =218= 21, =236= 20, =242= 7, =248= 15. _Orator_, _rhetorician_. Lat. _orator_, _rhetor_. As in English we have no similarly two-sided word, it is often hard to decide between the renderings, ‘speaker’ and ‘teacher of speaking.’ So =ῥητορικός= =68= 9, =254= 25, =262= 20.

=ῥοῖζος.= =138= 10. _A whizzing._ Lat. _stridor_.

=ῥυθμίζειν.= =180= 13. _To bring into rhythm_, _to scan_. Lat. _scandere_. Cp. the use of βαίνειν and διαιρεῖν.

=ῥυθμός.= =120= 18, =122= 12, =124= 6, 9, _passim_. _Rhythm_, _harmonious movement of speech_. Lat. _numerus_. For _le nombre oratoire_ in Cicero (whose prose, however, like Roman prose generally, must not be taken to follow exclusively Attic standards) see Laurand’s _Études_ pp. 109-11, and cp. Cic. _Orat._ 20. 67 “quicquid est enim, quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat, etiamsi abest a versu—nam id quidem orationis est vitium—numerus vocatur, qui Graece ῥυθμός dicitur.” Quintil. _Inst. Or._ ix. 4. 45 “omnis structura ac dimensio et copulatio vocum constat aut numeris (numeros ῥυθμούς accipi volo) aut μέτροις, id est dimensione quadam.” It was a suggestive saying of Scaliger’s that metre gives the exact ‘measure’ of the line, rhythm its ‘temperament.’ As Dionysius identifies ῥυθμός and πούς (=168= 11; cp. =176= 2, 3), we may translate ῥυθμός by ‘foot’ in =180= 11, =182= 19 (cp. σπονδεῖος πούς =178= 7), =200= 17, =206= 9, etc.—Cp. Aristot. _Rhet._ iii. 8. 2 τὸ δὲ ἄρρυθμον ἀπέραντον, δεῖ δὲ πεπεράνθαι μέν, μὴ μέτρῳ δέ· ἀηδὲς γὰρ καὶ ἄγνωστον τὸ ἄπειρον. περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά· διὸ ῥυθμὸν δεῖ ἔχειν τὸν λόγον, μέτρον δὲ μή· ποίημα γὰρ ἔσται. ῥυθμὸν δὲ μὴ ἀκριβῶς· τοῦτο δὲ ἔσται ἐὰν μέχρι του ᾖ. So =ῥυθμικός= =128= 18 (where the reference is to lyric metres), =168= 8, =172= 20 (cp. οἱ μετρικοί), =176= 7. Quintilian (ix. 4. 68) provides a good example of the divisions recognized by the _rhythmici_: “quis enim dubitet, unum sensum in hoc et unum spiritum esse: _animadverti, iudices, omnem accusatoris orationem in duas divisam esse partes?_ tamen et duo prima verba et tria proxima et deinceps duo rursus ac tria suos quasi numeros habent spiritum sustinentes, sicut apud rhythmicos aestimantur.”

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=ῥυπαρός.= =134= 24. _Filthy_, _sordid_. Lat. _sordidus_.

=ῥύσις.= =244= 21. _Flow._ Lat. _fluxus_.

=ῥυσός.= =92= 10. _Wrinkled._ Lat. _rugosus_.

=ῥώθωνες.= =144= 22, 23, =146= 11, =220= 25. _Nostrils._ Lat. _nares_. In =146= 11 διὰ τῶν ῥωθώνων συνηχούμενα = _nasal_.

=Σαπφικός.= =258= 7. _Of Sappho._ Lat. _Sapphicus_.

=σαφήνεια.= =160= 22. _Clearness_, _lucidity_. Lat. _perspicuitas_. Fr. _clarté_, _netteté_. The adjective =σαφής= occurs in =210= 4.

=σελίς.= =186= 2. _Page._ Lat. _pagina libri_.

=σεμνότης.= =84= 2, =110= 19, =164= 20, =166= 12, =170= 2, =172= 11, =236= 8. _Gravity_, _majesty_. Lat. _granditas_, _dignitas_, _gravitas_. Fr. _majesté_. So =σεμνολογία= =120= 23, =174= 17; =σεμνός= =68= 5, =80= 12, =84= 8, etc. It is not easy to find a good equivalent for σεμνός, as ‘dignified’ comes nearer to ἀξιωματικός; ‘impressive’ (or the like) to μεγαλοπρεπής; ‘lofty,’ ‘elevated,’ or ‘sublime,’ to ὑψηλός. ‘Solemn,’ ‘majestic,’ ‘august,’ or ‘stately’ will sometimes serve.

=σημαίνειν.= =74= 3, =134= 25. _To betoken_, _to express_. Lat. _significare_.

=σιγμός.= =138= 10. _A hissing._ Lat. _sibilus_. Fr. _sifflement_.

=σιωπή.= =218= 16, =220= 2, =230= 4. _Silence_, _interval_, _pause_. Lat. _silentium_, _intermissio_. Modern metrists who confine their attention to syllables are apt to neglect the interrelations of silence and sound. Dionysius would, on the contrary, have recognized that the pauses denoted by punctuation are the key to the metre in such lines as “Thy rankest fault; all of them; and require” (_Tempest_ v. 1).

=σκαιότης.= =250= 8. _Clumsiness_, _stupidity_. Lat. _rusticitas_, _imperitia_. Fr. _gaucherie_: cp. the editor’s _Ancient Boeotians_ p. 6.

=σκευωρία.= =264= 7. _Elaboration_. Lat. _cura artificiosa_. Cp. _de Thucyd._ c. 5 σκευωρίαν τεχνικήν, c. 29 μᾶλλον δὲ διθυραμβικῆς σκευωρίας οἰκειότερον: Hesych. σκευωρία· κατασκευή.

=σκιερός.= =234= 13. _Shady_, _dark_. Lat. _obscurus_.

=σκληρός.= =132= 1, =154= 12. _Hard._ Lat. _durus_. Cp. D.H. p. 205.

=σομφός.= =122= 25. _Thick_, _husky_. Lat. _subraucus_, _fuscus_. Cp. Schol. in M, σομφὸν ἤγουν θρυλιγμὸν καὶ ἐκμέλειαν. Some of the MSS. give ἀσύμφωνον, thus repeating a word used a few lines earlier.

=σοφιστής.= =190= 10, =264= 19. _Sophist._ Lat. _sophista_. The comprehensiveness of the term is well illustrated by the fact that in the former passage it is applied to Hegesias, in the latter to Isocrates and Plato. In the parallel passage of the _de Demosth._ (c. 51) ὁρῶν γε δὴ τούτους τοὺς =θαυμαζομένους ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ= καὶ κρατίστων λόγων ποιητὰς νομιζομένους Ἰσοκράτην καὶ Πλάτωνα γλυπτοῖς καὶ τορευτοῖς ἐοικότας ἐκφέροντας λόγους. Cp. Demetr. p. 301.

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=σπαδονίζειν.= =142= 9. _To emasculate_, _to cramp_. Lat. _spadonium sonum reddere_. This reading seems preferable on several grounds: (1) it is the more difficult of the two; (2) the sense of ‘choke the voice’ seems to agree well with οὐδὲ συγκόψει τοὺς ἤχους (=162= 4 ‘and will not impede the voice’); (3) σπανίζειν (intransitive: cp. _de Demosth._ c. 32, _de Thucyd._