Chapter 2

Des gauntiers & corbelliers, 40, 38 Of glouers and of maundemakers, 24 Des painturers & vsuriers, 39 Of paintours and vsuriers, Des couureurs de tieulles & destrain, 40 Of tylers and thatchers, Des charpentiers & feultriers, 39 Of carpenters and hatmakers, Des chauetiers et boursiers, 41 Of cobelers and pursers, 28 Des cousturiers et especiers, 42 Of shepsters and spycers, Des coultiers et hosteliers, 42 Of brokers and hosteliers, Des touriers et cuueliers, 43 Of kepars of prisons and coupers, Des mesuriers et messagiers, 44 Of metars and messagiers, 32 Des chartons et changiers, 45 Of carters and chaungers, Des mo{n}noyers et pastesiers, 45 Of myntemakers and pybakers, Des jougleurs & teneurs, 46 Of pleyers and tawyers, Des vairriers et serruriers, 46 Of makers of greywerke and lokyers, 36 Des gorliers et huchiers, 46 Of gorelmakers and joyners, Des parcenniers; 47 Of parchemyn makers; Et les parolles que chescun 49 And the wordes that eueryche Pourra apprendre pour aler May lerne for to goo 40

[[3]] [Headnote: CONTENTS. OBJECT OF THE BOOK. PROLOGUE.]

Dun pays au ville a aultre; 49 Fro one lande or toune to anothir; Et plus aultres raysons And moo othir resons Que seroyent trop longues That shold be over longe De mettre en cest table. To sette in this table. 4 En la fin de cest doctrine 50 In the ende of this doctrine Trouueres[1] la maniere Shall ye fynde the manere

[Footnote 1: Trouuerers]

Pour aprendre acompter 51 For to lerne rekene Par liures, par soulz, par deniers. By poundes, by shelynges, by pens. 8 Vostre recepte et vostre myse Your recyte and your gyuing oute Raportes tout en somme. Brynge it all in somme. Faittes diligence daprendre. Doo diligence for to lerne. Fuyes oyseusete, petyz et grandes, Flee ydlenes, smal and grete, 12 Car tous vices en so{u}nt sourdans. For all vices springen therof. Tres bonne doctrine Ryght good lernyng Pour aprendre For to lerne Briefment fransoys et engloys. Shortly frenssh and englyssh. 16

[Sidenote: P. 3.]

++OV nom du pere, In the name of the fadre, Et du filz, And of the soone, Et du sainte esperite, And of the holy ghoost, Veul commencier I wyll begynne 20 Et ordonner ung livre, And ordeyne this book, Par le quel on pourra By the whiche men shall mowe Roysonnablement entendre Resonably vnderstande Fransoys et engloys, Frenssh and englissh, 24 Du tant co{m}me cest escript Of as moche as this writing Pourra contenir et estendre; Shall conteyne and stratche; Car il ne peult tout comprendre; For he may not alle comprise; Mais ce quon ny trouuera But that which can not be founden 28 Declaire en cestui Declared in this Pourra on trouuer ailleurs, Shall be founde somwhere els, En aultres liures. In othir bookes. Mais sachies pour voir But knowe for trouthe 32 Que es lignes de cest aucteur That in the lynes of this auctour Sount plus de parolles et de raysons Ben moo wordes and reasons Comprinses, et de responses, Comprised, and of ansuers, Que[2] en moult daultres liures. Than in many othir bookes. 36

[Footnote 2: Qne]

Qui ceste liure vouldra aprendre Who this booke shall wylle lerne Bien pourra entreprendre May well entreprise or take on honde

[[4]] [Headnote: THIS IS A TRADER’S HANDBOOK. HOW TO SALUTE FOLK.]

Marchandises dun pays a lautre, Marchandises fro one land to anothir, Et cognoistre maintes denrees And to knowe many wares Que[1] lui seroient bon achetes Which to hym shalbe good to be bouȝt 4 Ou vendues pour riche deuenir. Or solde for riche to become.

[Footnote 1: Qne]

Aprendes ce liure diligement; Lerne this book diligently; Grande prouffyt y gyst vrayement. Grete prouffyt lieth therin truly.

[Sidenote: [CH. I.]]

++OR scaues quil affiert ++NOw knowe what behoueth 8 Quil ait du tout vne partie. That he haue of alle a partie. Quand vous alles par les rues, Whan ye goo by the streetes, Et vous encountres aulcuns And ye mete ony Que vous cognossies, That ye knowe, 12 Ou[2] quilz soyent de vostre Or that they be of your cognoissa{u}nce, knowelech,

[Footnote 2: On]

Soyes ysnel et apparaillies Be swyft and redy De luy ou deulx premier saluer, Hym or hem first to grete, 16 Sil est ou sils so{u}nt hommes de valeur. Yf he be or they be men of valure. Ostes vostre chappron Doo of your hood Pour dames & damoysellys; For ladies and damoyselles; Se ilz ostent leur chaperon, Yf they doo of their hood, 20 Sy le remettes de vous mayns. So sette it on agayn with your ha{n}dis. En telle maniere In such manere

[Sidenote: P. 4.]

Les poes saluer: May ye salewe them: “Sire, dieu vous garde!” “Syre, god you kepe!” 24 Cest le plus bryef That is the shortest Que on puise dyre That one may saye Aux gens en saluant. To the peple in salewyng. Ou, en aultres vsages:-- Or, in othir vsages:-- 28 “Syre, vous soyes bien venus.” “Sire, ye be welcome.” “Vous, dame ou damoyselle, “Ye, lady or damoyselle, Vous soyes la bien venu.” Ye ben welcome.” “Sire, dieu vous doinst bon jour.” “Syre, god gyue you good daye.” 32 “Dame, bon jour vous doinst no{st}re “Dame, good daye giue you our sire.” lord.” “Compaignon ou amye, “Felawe or frende, Vous soies le bien venus.” Ye be welcome.” 36 “Que faictes vous? comment vous “What do ye? how is it with est?” you?” “Bien; que bien vous aies.” “Well; that well mote ye haue.” “Ou aues este si longement? “Where haue ye ben so longe? 40

[[5]] [Headnote: SALUTATIONS. HOW TO TAKE LEAVE OF FOLK.]

Je ne vous vey piecha.” I haue not seen you in longe tyme.” “Jay este longement hors du pays.” “I haue ben longe out of the contre.” “En quel pays?” “In what contre?” “Sire, ce seroit “Syre, that shold be 4 Trop a racompter; Ouermoche for to telle; Mais sil vous plaist aulcune chose But if you plaise ony thyng Que ie puisse fayre, That I may doo, Commandes le moy Commaunde it me 8 Comme a celuy As to hym Qui volentiers le feroit.” That gladly shall doo it.” “Sire, grand mercy “Syre, gramercy De vous courtoyses parolles Of your courtoys wordes 12 Et de vostre bonne volente; And of your good wyll; Dieu le vous mire!” God reward you!” “Dieu le me laisse deseruyr! “God late me deserue it! Sachies certainement[1] Knowe ye certaynely 16 Que vous ne y estes That ye be not Point engaignies[2], Nothyng deceyued[5],

[Footnote 1: certaineint]

[Footnote 2: eugaignies]

[Footnote 5: deceyned]

Car ce vous feroye ie, For that wold I doo Pour vous et pour les vostres. For you and for youris. 20 +A dieu vous comande. +To god I you commaunde. Je prenge congie[3] a vous.” I take leue of you.”

[Footnote 3: cougie]

Respondes ainsi: Ansuere thus: “Nostre sire vous conduyse!” “Our lorde conduyte you!” 24 “A dieu soyes vous comandes!” “To god mote ye be commaunded!” “Dieu vous ait en sa sainte garde!” “God you haue in his holy kepyng!”

[Sidenote: P. 5.]

“Allez a dieu[4]. “Goo ye to god.

[Footnote 4: dien]

Salues moy la dame Grete me the lady 28 (Ou la damoyselle) (Or the damyselle) De vostre mayson Of your house (Ou de vostre hostel), (Or of your heberow), Vostre femme, vous enfans, Your wyf, your children, 32 Vostre mary, Your husbonde, Vostre fyltz et vous filles, Your sones and your doughtres, Toute vostre maisnye. Alle your meyne. Si me recomandes Also recommaunde me 36 A mon seigneur, To my lorde, A mes damoyseauls, To my yong lordes, A ma dame, To my lady, A ma damoyselle, To my yong lady, 40

[[6]] [Headnote: TAKING LEAVE. WINDOWS, BEDS AND BEDDING.]

A vostre pere et a vostre mere, To your fadre and to your modre, A vostre tayon et a vostre taye, To your belfadre & to your beldame, A vostre oncle et a vostre aunte, To your eme & to your aunte, A vostre cosyns et a vostre cosynes, To your cosyns and to your nieces, 4 A vous cousyns germains, To your cosyns germayns, A vostre nepheux & a vostre nieces, To your neueus & to your nieces, Qui sont enfans de vostre frere Whiche ben children of your brother Ou de vostre soeur. Or of your suster. 8 Vous freres, vous soeurs, Your brethern, your sustres, Ne loublies mye.” Forgete them not.” “Je le vous feray voulentiers. “I shal do it for you gladly. A dieu vous command.” To god I commaunde you.” 12 “Or alles a dieu.” “Now goo to god.” Cy finent les salutations Thus enden the salutations Et les responses. And the ansueris.

[Sidenote: [CH. II.]]

++OR mestoet auant parler ++NOw standeth me for to speke 16 Daultres choses necessaires: Of othir thynges necessarie: Cest a sauoyr des besongnes That is to saye of thinges Que on vse aual le maison, That ben vsed after the hous, De quoy on ne peult synon. Of whiche me may not be withoute. 20 De la maison premiers diray, Of the hous first I shall saye, En auenture, se besoing est. On auenture, if it be to doo. +La maison bien ordonne +The hous well ordeyned Doybt estre bien fenestree Ought to be well wyndowed 24 De pluiseurs fenestres Of diverse wyndowes Par quoy il ait grand clarte. By which it haue grete light. Il y affiert aux chambres Hit behoueth to the chambres Solliers, greniers. Loftes and garettis. 28

[Sidenote: [CH. III.]]

[Sidenote: P. 6.]

++QVi vin veult maintenier ++WHo wyne wyll mayntene Conuient auoir chielliers Behoueth to haue selers Et vne basse chambre And a lowe chambre Pour prendre aisement. For to take his easement. 32 +Ores vous conuient avoir lits; +Now must ye haue beddes; Lyts des plummes; Beddes of fetheris; Pour les poures suz gesir, For the poure to lye on, Lyts de bourre; Beddes of flockes; 36 Sarges, tapites, Sarges, tapytes, Kieultes poyntes Quiltes paynted Pour les lits couurir; For the beddes to couere; Couuertoyrs ainsi; Couerlettes also; 40

[[7]] [Headnote: BED-FURNITURE, POTS AND PANS, CANS AND BOTTLES.]

Bankers qui sont beaulx; Bankers that ben fayr; Dessoubs le lite vng calys; Under the bedde a chalon; Estrain dedens; Strawe therin; Bancs, chaiers, Benches, chayers, 4 Lesons, selles; Lystes, stoles; Pots de keuure, chaudrens, Pottes of coppre, kawdrons, Chaudiers, paiels, Ketellis, pannes, Bachins, lauoirs, Basyns, lauours, 8 Pots de terre, Pottes of erthe, Cannes de terre Cannes of erthe Pour aller al eawe; For to go to the watre; Ces choses trouueres vous Thise thinges shall ye fynde 12 En le potterye. In the potterye. +Se vous aues de quoy, +Yf ye haue wherof, Faittes que vous ayes Doo that ye haue Ouurages destain, Werkes of tynne, 16 Pots destain[1] et cannes, Pottes of tynne and cannes, Cannes de deux lots, Cannes of two stope, Cannes dun sestier, Cannes of a sextier,

[Footnote 1: de stain]

Lotz et demy lotz, Stopes and half stopes, 20 Pintes et demy pintes. Pintes and half pintes. Ung lot est appelle A stope is called Eu aucun lieu[2] vng quart. In somme place a quarte.

[Footnote 2: ancun lien]

Ce sont les mesures Thise ben the mesures 24 Que je[3] scay nommer: That I can name:

[Footnote 3: ye]

Mais les bouteilles But the botellis Destain, de boz, de cuir, Of tyn, of wode, of lether, Treuue on de toutes manieres. Men fynd of all maneris. 28 +Or vous conuient auoir +Now must ye haue Platteaux destain, Platers of tyn,

[Sidenote: P. 7.]

Escuyelles, sausserons, Disshes, saussers, Sallieres, trenchores; Sallyers, trenchours; 32 Ces choses trouueres Thise thinges shall ye fynde De boz et de terre. Of tree and of erthe. Couuercles de keuuer, Couercles of coppre, De terre, et de fer, Of erthe, and of yron, 36 Or apres vng esculier, Now after a disshe fat, La on met dedens Where me leyeth therin Les deuantdittes choses. The forsaid thinges. +Les louches de boz, +And the spones of tree, 40

[[8]] [Headnote: FURNITURE, UTENSILS, PLATE AND CLOTHING.]

Les louches dargent, The spones of siluer, Metton la on veult, That dooe[2] men where they wylle, En plus seure garde. In most sure kepyng.

[Footnote 2: dooo]

+Le louche de pot entour le feu; +The ladle of the pot about the fyre; 4 Trepiet pour asseoir sus; Treuet for to sette it on; Sur laistre appertient Vpon the herthe belongeth Laigne ou tourbes, Woode or turues, Deux brandeurs de fer, Two andyrons[3] of yron, 8 Ung estenelle, ung greyl. A tonge, a gredyron.

[Footnote 3: andyrous]

+Ung grauwet, +A flessh hoke, Coutieaulx pour taillier Knyues for to cutte Ce quon vouldra, That what me shall wylle, 12 Ung couttel de poree A choppyng knyf Pour taillier la poree. for to choppe wortes. +Hanaps dargent, +Cuppes of silver, Hanaps dorees, Cuppes gylte, 16 Coupes door, Couppes of goold, Hanaps a pies; Cuppes with feet; Ces choses mettes Thise things set ye En vostre huche ou escrijn; In your whutche or cheste; 20 Vos joyaulx en vostre forchier Your jewellis in your forcier Que on ne les emble. That they be not stolen. +Plente des linchieux, +Plente of shetes, Nappes, touwailles. Bordclothes, towellis. 24 Pour faire a nous aulx For to make to us garlyk Et saulses parmi le stamine, And sauses thorugh the strayner, Vous conuient[1] auoir Ye muste haue Ung mortier, ung pestiel. A morter, a pestyll. 28

[Footnote 1: connient]

+A la perche pendent vos vestures, +On the perche hongen your clothes, Manteaulx, scurcorps, Mantellis, frockes, Heuques, clocques, Heukes, clokes, Cottes, pourpoints, Cotes, doblettes, 32

[Sidenote: P. 8.]

Vestures, fourrures, Clothes, furres, Vestures diuer et deste; Wynter clothes and of somer; Les oreilliers sur le lite; The pelowes on the bedde; Sur le queuerchief Upon the keuerchief 36 Chemises, brayes, Chertes, briches, A tout le braieul. With the pauntcher[4].

[Footnote 4: panutcher]

+Quand vous estes desvestues +Whan ye be vnclothed On treuue fourrures Me fyndeth furres 40

[[9]] [Headnote: FURS, WHITE MEATS, WIFE, PARENTS AND CHILDREN.]

Descurieus[1], daigneaulx, Of beuers and of lombes, Plichons de lieures et de conins. Pylches of hares and of conyes.

[Footnote 1: Descuriens]

+Mettes en le tresoier +Sette into the cupbort Vostre pain, vostre fourmage, Your brede, your chese, 4 Vostre bure, vostre viande, Your butter, your mete, Et aultres companages, And othir white mete, Le relief de la table. The leuynge of the table. Faictes quil y aist du seel Doo that ther be salte 8 Et des voires. And glases. Cy fine le tierce chapitle. Here endeth the thirde chapitre.

[Sidenote: [CH. IV.]]

++OR entendes, petys & grands, ++Now understande, litell and grete, Je vous dirai maintenant I shall saye you right forth 12 Dune aultre matere Of an othir matere La quele ie comence. The whiche I wyll begynne. +Se vous estes maries, +Yf ye be maried, Et vous aues femme, And ye haue a wyfe, 16 Et vous ayes marye, And ye haue a husbonde, +Se vous maintenes paisiblement, +So mayntene you pesibly, Que vous voisins ne disent That your neyghbours saye not De vous fors que bien: Of you othirwyse than well: 20 Ce seroit virgoingne. Hit shold be shame. +Se vous aues pere & mere, +If ye haue fader and moder Si les honnoures tousiours; So worshippe them alleway; Faictes leur honneur; Doo to hem worshipp; 24 Deportes les; Forbere them; Car selon le commandement For after the commaundement Et conseil de cathon, And the counseill of cathon, Les doibt en honnourer; Men ought to worshippe them; 28 Car il dist en son liure: For he saith in his booke: “Honnoure pere & mere.” “Worshippe fader and moder.” +Se vous aues enfans, +Yf ye haue children, Si les chastoyes de la verge, So chastyse them with the rodde, 32 Et les instrues And enforme them De bonnes meurs With good maners Le temps quilz soient jofnes; the tyme that they be yong;

[Sidenote: P. 9.]

Les envoyes a lescole Sende them to the scole 36 Aprendre lire et escripre, To lerne rede and to write, quilz ne resambloient bestes. That they resemble not bestis. +Soyes debonnair +Be ye buxom Enuers touttes gens-- Vnto alle folke-- 40

[[10]] [Headnote: MARGARET IS SENT TO THE BUTCHER’S AND POULTERER’S.]

Enuers vous seruans: Vnto your seruaunts: Penses quilz soyent Thynke that they be Aussi bons co{m}me vous; As good as ye; Ne le despites point. Despyse them not. 4 +Comandes eux v{ost}re volente +Commaunde them your wyll En tele maniere: In suche manere: “Margote, prengne de largent, “Margret, take of the siluer, Va a la boucherye, Goo to the flesshshamels, 8 Sy achates de lechar.” Bye ther of the flessh.” Celle respondera: She shall ansuer agayn: “Quelles chars voules vous? “What flesshe wyll ye? Voules vous chars de porc Wylle ye flessh of porke 12 A le verde saulsse? With the grene sauce? Char du buef salle Flessh of bueff salted Serra bonne a la moustard; Shall be good with the mustard; La Fresshe aux aulx. The fressh with gharlyk. 16 Se mieulx ames Yf ye better loue Char de mouton[1] ou daigniel, Flessh of moton or of lambe,

[Footnote 1: monton]

De genise ou de viel, Of an hawgher or of a calfe, soit rosty ou au browet, Is it rosted, orels with browet, 20 Je lachateray voulentiers.” I shall bye it with good wyll.” “Nennil[2], mais achatte “Nay, but bye Char de bachon ou de chieuerel; Flessh of bacon or of a gheet;

[Footnote 2: Nenuil]

Si nous bargaigne So chepe for vs 24 De la venyson, Of the venyson, Soyt de porc sengler, Be it of wylde boor, Soyt de serf ou de bisse; Be it of herte, of hyndecalf; Sy latourne au noir poiure Dyght it with broun pepre 28 Quand tu larras achatte. Whan thou shalt haue bought it. +Va en la poillaillerie, +Goo into the pultrie, Achatte de poulletis, Bye poullettis, Une poulle & deux pouchins, One poullet & two chekens, 32 Mais nulle chappon But no capon Ne nul coc napportes, Ne no cocke bringe not, Ne plouuier, Ne plouier, Wydecos, roussignoulz, Wodecoks, nyghtyngalis, 36

[Sidenote: P. 10.]

Maussons, masanges, Sparowes, meesen, Auwes, annettes, Ghees, doukes, Coulons, piuions, Dowues, pygeons, Boutoirs, tourterolles, Butores, turtellis, 40

[[11]] [Headnote: BIRDS; BEASTS BAD TO EAT, AND NOT EATEN; FISHES.]

Limoges, pertris, Heth hennes, partrichs, Alouwes, paons, Larkes, pecoks, Chuynes, cignes, Storkes, swannes, Vieses gelines:-- Olde hennes:-- 4

++IE suis malade, ++I am seeke, Tel char me greueroit; Suche flessh shold greue me; Je ne le poroye digerer.” I shall not mowe dygeste it.” “Sire, vous men aues “Syre, ye haue to me 8 Biaucop plus nommes Many mo named Que ien cuide achatter. Than I wende to bye. Vous estes si tenres, Ye be so tendre, +Vous pourries maisement +Ye may euyll 12 Menger char de cheuaulx, Ete flessh of horses, De tors, de muletz, Of bulles, of mules, De poutrains, de iuments.” Of coltes, of mares.” +Encores sont aultres bestes +Yet ben ther othir bestes 16 Dont on na cure de mengier: Wherof men recche not to ete: Loups, reynards, fouines, Wulues, foxes, fichews, Olifans, lupars, catz, Olifa{u}nts, lupardis, cattes, Singes, asnes, chiens. Apes, asses, houndes. 20 Ourse mengue on bien; A bere, men ete well; Si faitton chieures. So doo men ghotes. +On ne mengue point +Men ete not Aigles, griffons, Eygles, griffons, 24 Espreuiers, faucons, Sperhawkes, faucons, Oistoirs, escouffles. Haukes, kytes. Des bestes venimeuses:-- Of bestes venemous:-- Serpens, lasartz, scorpions, Serpentes, lizarts, scorpions, 28 Mouches, veers; Flies, wormes; Qui de ces veers sera morse Who of thise wormes shall be byten Il luy fauldra triacle; He must have triacle; Se ce non, il en moroit. Yf not that, he shall deye. 32 Or apres ores des poissons. Now herafter shall ye here of fissh.

++DEs poissons poez oyer ++OF the fisshes may ye here Les noms daulcuns, The names of somme, Non mie de trestouts, Not of alle, 36 Car je ne les sca{ur}oye For I ne wote not Comment tres tous cognoistre[1]; How alle to knowe;

[Footnote 1: coguoistre]

[Sidenote: P. 11.]