Part 61

"The immediate effects of the cold bath are a sensation of cold (speedily followed by one of warmth), contraction of the cutaneous vessels, paleness of the skin, diminution of perspiration, and reduction of the volume of the body. Shivering, and, as the water rises to the chest, a kind of convulsive sobbing, are also experienced. Continued immersion renders the pulse small, and ultimately imperceptible, and the respiration difficult and irregular. A feeling of inactivity succeeds; the joints become rigid and inflexible; pain in the head, drowsiness, and cramps, come on; the temperature of the body falls rapidly; and faintness, followed by death, ensues." "Its primary effects constitute the SHOCK--its secondary effects, the REACTION or GLOW."[113] Hence it is that immersion of the body in water below about 65° Fahr. cannot be tolerated for any length of time without such a loss of animal heat as frequently to induce highly sedative and depressing effects, from which the constitution does not readily recover. Water at a temperature of below about 50° Fahr. can only be safely used as a plunge-bath. The sedative effects of sea and mineral waters is much than that of pure water, or of spring or river water.

[Footnote 113: Pereira, 'Mat. Med. and Therap.,' 4th ed., i, 29.]

The cold bath, medically considered, is tonic, stimulant, and restorative, when judiciously taken, and when not too long continued or too often repeated. When beneficial, the patient feels a pleasant glow on the surface of the body immediately following it. If a sensation of coldness or shivering ensues, it acts injuriously, and should not be repeated. The duration of the immersion may vary from 2 to 15 minutes, the precise time depending upon the temperature of the water and the feelings of the bather; the longer period being only proper in fine weather, and when accompanied by swimming or violent exercise.

As a remedial agent, the cold bath is principally recommended to increase the tone and vigour of the system; and is contra-indicated when there is a tendency to apoplexy, or to chronic affections, functional or organic, of the heart, lungs, or kidneys. It should never be taken when the person feels chilly, languid, or depressed; or if drowsiness and shivering follow it.

The temperature of the water of the rivers and the coasts of England ranges, in summer, from 55° to 70 or 72° Fahr.

=Bath, Creosote.= Creosote, 2 _dr._; glycerin, 2 _oz._; boiling water, one _gall._ To be added to 29 _galls._ of water.

=Bath, Douche.= See BATH, SHOWER, DOUCHE, &c.

=Bath, Dry.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SICCUM, L. The immersion of the body in any dry material, as ashes, salt, sand, &c. EARTH-BATHING, as administered by the once notorious quack, Dr Graham, was of this kind. In the sudatorium or sweating room of the ancients the body was immersed in heated sand.

=Bath, Elec'tric.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM ELEC'TRICUM, L. The patient, placed on an insulated stool, is put in contact, by means of a metallic wire, with the prime conductor of an electrical machine in action. The surface of the body is thus rendered electro-positive, and the surrounding air, by induction, electro-negative. It has been recommended in chronic rheumatism, scirrhous tumours, &c.

=Bath, Electro-chemical= (of Dr Caplin). This is founded on the supposition that all diseases arise from the presence of mineral, or other extraneous morbific matter, in some organ, or the whole organism, and which is capable of removal by electrolysis. The patient is placed in an appropriately arranged voltaic bath, and there "saturated with the electric fluid." This "decomposes everything which is foreign to the organism, the vital parts being protected by the law of conservation belonging to every organic production." These foreign substances are said to be thus carried out of the system by the electric current, and to be "fixed and plated on the copper in the same way, and according to the same law and principle (only reversed), as in the process of electro-plating."[114]

[Footnote 114: 'Hist. Records of the Electro-chem. Bath,' by Mons. J. F. J. Caplin, M.D. Baillière, 1860.]

=Bath, Fec'ula.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM AM'YLI, B. FÆC'ULÆ, L. Potato-starch or wheat-starch, 1 to 4 _lbs._; boiling water q. s. to dissolve. Resembles the BRAN-BATH.

=Bath, Ferru'ginous.= _Syn._ CHALYB'EATE BATH; BAL'NEUM FERRUGIN'EUM, B. CHALYBEATUM, L. 1. Green sulphate of iron, 1 to 2 _lbs._ A well-tinned copper, wooden, or japanned bath may be used. In general debility when chalybeates are indicated, and the stomach will not bear iron; also in piles and prolapsus. The stains on the towels used to wipe the patient may be removed by at once soaking them in water acidulated with hydrochloric acid.

2. (Ioduretted.) See BATH OF IODIDE OF IRON.

=Bath, Foot.= _Syn._ PEDILU'VIUM, L. Warm (or hot). Revulsive, counter-irritant; in colds, menstrual and hæmorrhoidal suppressions, rheumatism, stiffness of the ankles, tender feet, &c. A little common salt, flour of mustard, or sal-ammoniac, is often added to render it more stimulant, to prevent 'taking cold,' &c. See FEET, &c.

=Bath, Gelat'inous.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM GELATINO'SUM, B. GELATIN'II, L. Gelatin or fine Salisbury glue, 3 or 4 _lbs._; dissolved in boiling water, 2 _galls._, or q. s.; and added to a warm bath. At the 'Hospital for Cutaneous Diseases' 8 _lbs._ of patent size are used for a bath of 30 to 35 _galls._ Emollient; formerly, but erroneously, considered nutritive. _Used_ in skin diseases; generally combined with sulphur. See BATH, BARÈGES.

=Bath, Glyc'erine= (gl[)i]s'). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM GLYCERIN'II, B. G. COMPOS'ITUM, L. Glycerine, 2 _lbs._; gum arabic (dissolved), 1 _lb._ Used as a soothing emollient, in itching, dryness, irritation, and hardness of the skin, &c. Where expense is an object, 3 or 4 _lbs._ of good honey, and 1 _oz._ of salt of tartar, form an excellent substitute for the glycerine.

=Bath, Hem'lock.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CO'NII, L. 1. Dried hemlock-leaves (or herb), 4 to 6 handfuls; water, 1 _gall._; infuse 2 hours, and strain. The part to be immersed in, or bathed with, the warm infusion, observing not to apply it if the skin is unsound; or it may be added to the water of a bath in the usual manner. In gout, cancer, chronic rheumatism, and certain skin diseases.

2. (Cut. Hosp.) Extract of hemlock, 2 _oz._; starch, 1 _lb._; boiling water, 1 _gall._; dissolve. For a bath of about 30 _galls._ As the last.

=Bath, Hip.= _Syn._ COXÆLU'VIUM, L. Usually warm; sometimes fully warm, or somewhat hot. In inflammatory, spasmodic, and chronic affections of the abdominal and pelvic viscera; in suppressed and painful menstruation, hæmorrhoids, strangury, prolapsus, ischuria, &c.; also as a substitute for a full bath, when this last is contra-indicated by some affection of the lungs, heart, brain, or great vessels. Like full baths, it may be often advantageously medicated. See BIDET.

=Bath, Hot.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CAL'IDUM, CALDA''RIUM, L.; BAIN CHAUD, Fr. Usual temperature, 98° to 106° Fahr.

The hot bath has a remarkably tranquillising effect upon the nervous system, producing a strong tendency to quietude and sleep. It also acts as a powerful antispasmodic, and by determining the blood to the surface of the body tends to relieve visceral inflammation and congestion. In chronic affections arising from the action of cold and damp and from exhausted energy, in stiff joints, rheumatism, neuralgia, diarrh[oe]a, and numerous other affections, its effects are often rapid and remarkable. At high temperatures it strongly stimulates the arterial system, and arouses nervous energy and vital action, producing excessive excitement and turgescence, followed by copious perspiration, which has been often found successful in cholera, paralysis, &c. If the immersion be too long continued, or the bath be injudiciously employed, lassitude, debility, and somnolency ensue, and the good effect of the bath is more or less lost. In these cases violent throbbing and painful distension of the vessels of the head, with a distressing feeling of suffocation and anxiety, are premonitory symptoms of impending apoplexy, an accident which sometimes, though seldom, follows its improper use.

=Bath, Hydrochlo''rate of Ammonia.= See BATH, CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM.

=Bath, Hydrochlo''ric Acid.= _Syn._ MURIAT'IC ACID BATH; BAL'NEUM HYDROCHLO''RICUM, B. ACIDUM H., B. MURIAT'ICUM, &c., L. Commercial hydrochloric acid, 1 to 3 _lbs._ (in chronic liver affections); or 3 to 6 fl. oz. (in prurigo and lichen).

=Bath, Hydrosul'phuretted.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM HYDROSULPHURE'TUM, L.--1. A tepid sulphuretted bath, with the addition of hydrochloric acid, 2 or 3 fl. _dr._, immediately before immersion. In rheumatism, chronic skin diseases, hooping-cough, and certain forms of paralysis:--2. A tepid bath to which 3 to 6 fl. _oz._ of (liquid) hydrosulphate of ammonia is added immediately before use. Used as the last. It often acts almost as a specific in hooping-cough and certain breath ailments.

=Bath, I'odine of I'ron.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM FER'RI IODI'DI, L. _Prep._ (Pierquin.) Iodide of iron, 1/2 _oz._ to 2 _oz._ In amenorrh[oe]a, leucorrh[oe]a, chlorosis, scrofula, &c.; gradually increasing the quantity of the iodide until 4 _oz._, or more, is used for a bath.

=Bath, I'odine.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM IODIN'II, L.:--1. Iodine, 3 to 5 _dr._; dry siliceous sand, 2 _oz._; triturated together until reduced to fine powder, and then agitated with the water of a tepid bath for 10 or 15 minutes. 2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Iodine, 4 _dr._; liquor of potassa, 4 _oz._; water, 2 _pints_; dissolve; for a bath of 30 _galls._ In skin diseases complicated with scrofula, glandular enlargements, amenorrh[oe]a, &c.

=Bath, Io'duretted.= _Syn._ IO'DURATED BATH, I'ODISED B., COMPOUND IODINE-B., &c.; BAL'NEUM IODURE'TUM, B. IODURA'TUM*, B. POTAS''SII SUPERIODI'DI, &c., L. Lugol, the leading authority on this subject, employs this bath of the different strengths, &c., shown in the following tables:--

_a._ FOR ADULTS:--

+------------+------------+--------------- Degree. | Iodine. | Iodide of | Water for the | | Potassium. | bath. ---------+------------+------------+--------------- | dr. | dr. | gal. ---------+------------+------------+--------------- 1 | 2 to 2-1/2 | 4 to 5 | 50 ---------+------------+------------+--------------- 2 | 2 " 3 | 4 " 6 | 60 ---------+------------+------------+--------------- 3 | 3 " 3-1/2 | 6 " 7 | 75 ---------+------------+------------+---------------

_b._ FOR CHILDREN:--

+----------+------------+---------- Age. | Iodine. | Iodide of | Water. | | Potassium. | ---------+----------+------------+---------- | gr. | gr. | gal. ---------+----------+------------+---------- 4 to 7 | 30 to 36 | 60 to 72 | 9 ---------+----------+------------+---------- 7 " 11 | 48 " 72 | 96 " 144 | 18 ---------+----------+------------+---------- 11 " 14 | 72 " 96 | 144 " 192 | 31 ---------+----------+------------+----------

[asterism] The dry ingredients of the first Table are to be dissolved in a pint of water, and of the second, in 1/2 pint of water, before adding them to the bath.

In scrofulous affections and the other cases in which the external use of iodine or the iodides is indicated. Enamelled ware, stoneware, or wooden vessels must be employed.

=Bath, Lime.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM CUM CAL'CE, L. Lime, 3 _lbs._; slaked, and added to the bath. In gout, lithic diathesis, itch, &c. See BATH, VAPOUR.

=Bath, Mercu''rial.= _Syn._ ANTISYPHILIT'IC BATH; BAL'NEUM MERCURIA'LE, B. HYDRAR'GYRI BICHLORI'DI, B. ANTISYPHILIT'ICUM, &c., L.; BAIN MERCURIEL, B. ANTISYPHILITIQUE, &c., Fr. Bichloride of mercury, in fine powder, 1 to 3 _dr._, hot water, 1 _pint_; agitate together until solution is complete, before adding them to the bath, the 'water' of which (contained in an enamelled or wooden vessel) must be soft (rain) and pure. At the 'Cutan. Hosp.' hydrochloric acid (= 1/3rd the weight of the chloride) is commonly added; and at the 'Fr. hospitals,' an equal, or rather more than an equal weight, of sal-ammoniac. These additions facilitate the solution of the chloride, and retard its decomposition by any slight impurity in the water forming the bath.

_Uses, &c._ In syphilitic affections, either with or without skin disease; in chronic rheumatism, swelled joints, and chronic skin diseases generally, where the use of mercury is indicated, and the remedy is rejected by the stomach; especially in these affections in women and children (for the last, proportionately reduced in strength and quantity). Also used in it, and to destroy pediculi on the body.

=Bath, Met'al.= See BATH (in _Chemistry_), FUSIBLE METAL, &c.

=Bath, Mud.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM LU'TEUM, B. LU'TI, L. Mud-bathing (ILLUTA'TION) was common among the ancients. The slime of rivers, and the mud on the sea-shore, were especially prized for this purpose. The Tartars and Egyptians still employ baths of this description in hypochondriasis, scrofula, and scurvy. At Franzenbad, in Germany, an acidulous species of black bog-earth found there, is beaten up with warm water to a semi-liquid consistence, and used as a bath. This is said to render the skin satin-like and soft; and to be useful in debility, and in paralytic affections of a gouty origin. In France, hot dung (DUNG BATH) is occasionally used in rheumatism; and in Poland, in syphilis. The husk of grapes and the refuse of olives, after undergoing a partial fermentation, have been successfully employed in France against acute rheumatism.[115]

[Footnote 115: Mérat and De Lens, 'Dict. Univ. de Mat. Méd.']

=Bath, Muriat'ic.= See BATH, HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

=Bath, Mus'tard.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SINA'PIS, L.:--1. Flour of mustard, 2 _lbs._; warm water, 1 _gall._; make a thin soup; in fifteen minutes pour it into a coarse linen bag or cloth, and press out the liquid, which is to be stirred up with the bath. In cholera, diarrh[oe]a simulating cholera, &c.; also to cause reaction; the patient remaining in the bath until a somewhat painful sense of burning and irritation is experienced:--2. Flour of mustard, 3 to 8 _oz._; as before. Used as a gentle stimulant to excite the skin, and promote its healthy action, &c.

=Bath, Ni'tro-hydrochlo''ric.= _Syn._ AC'ID BATH[double-dagger] ([)a]s'-), NITRO-MURIAT'IC B.*, N. A. B.*; BAL'NEUM NITRO-HYDROCHLO''RICUM. B. AC'IDI ([)a]s'-), B. A. NITRO-HYDROCHLO''RICI, B. A. NITRO-MURIAT'ICI*, &c., L.:--1. Water slightly acidulated with the acid, so that its sourness to the taste is about that of common vinegar. According to Ainslie, 1 _oz._ of acid is sufficient for 1 gall. of water.[116] Other formulæ in use are--

[Footnote 116: 'Mat. Med. Indica,' ii, 340.]

2. (Cutan. Hosp.) Nitric acid, 1-1/2 lb.; hydrochloric acid, 1 _lb._; for a bath of 60 to 70 _galls._

3. (Soubeiran.) Nitro-hydrochloric acid, 4 to 16 fl. oz.; according to the case.

4. (Dr Scott.) Nitric acid, 2 fl. oz.; hydrochloric acid, 3 fl. oz.; water, 5 fl. oz.; mix. 1-1/2 to 2 _fl. oz._ to each _gall._ of water for a general bath; 3 _fl. oz._ to the _gall._ for a foot, knee, or sponge bath.

_Uses, &c._ In its weaker forms, in skin-diseases depending on disordered liver; in others, chiefly in liver complaints, and to relieve the pain on the passing of gall-stones. It must be contained in an enamelled or wooden vessel, and may be used as a hip, knee, or foot-bath; a knee-bath being the one generally adopted in England. Dr Scott, of Bombay, who first brought this bath into notice, once plunged the Duke of Wellington up to his chin in one, in India, and thus cured him of a severe hepatic affection. In its stronger form it causes tingling and pricking of the skin, and a peculiar taste in the mouth, and affects the gums and salivary glands, often producing plentiful ptyalism, without which, indeed, its advocates regard its action as incomplete. Time of application, 15 to 20 minutes daily, for a fortnight or three weeks; and afterwards, every second or third day.

=Bath, Oak-Bark.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM QUER'CÛS, B. QUER'CI, L. Oak-bark, 3 or 4 handfuls for a child; 10 to 15 for an adult; made into a decoction, and strained with pressure into the bath. In hæmorrhoids, prolapsus, leucorrh[oe]a, hernia, diarrh[oe]a, ill-conditioned and bleeding ulcerations, &c. Drs Elaesser, Eberle, and Fletcher have successfully employed it in the intermittents of infancy and childhood, tabes mesenterica or scrofula, &c. It has also proved useful in phthisis.

=Bath, Oil.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM OLEO'SUM, L. Olive or other oil (hot), strongly aromatised with the oils of cassia, cloves, nutmegs, cedron, and juniper; and digested for a week on ambergris and vanilla, of each (bruised), about 10 gr. to the gallon. Used, in the East, to anoint the body, as a preservative against the plague and other contagious diseases; also as a full bath or hip-bath, the immersion being for 15 to 30 minutes.

=Bath, Pneumat'ic.= See BATH, AIR.

=Bath, Saline'= (Gelatinous). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SALI'NO-GELATINO'SUM, L.; BAIN DE PLOMBIÈRES, Fr. _Prep._ Common salt and Flanders glue, of each 2 _lbs._; water, 1 _gall._; dissolve separately, and add the solutions to the bath. In scrofula, &c.

=Bath, Salt.= See BATH, SALINE, BATH, SEA, &c.

=Bath, Sand.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM ARE'NÆ, L.; BAIN DE SABLE, Fr. See BATH (in _Chemistry_), BATH, DRY, &c.

=Bath, Sea.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM MARI'NUM, L.; BAIN MARIN, Fr. Immersion in the sea or in recent sea water (temperate, tepid, warm, or hot). Owing to the saline matter which it contains, it possesses stimulant, alterative, and resolvent properties, superadded to those of pure water at the corresponding temperature. When taken, in summer, on our coasts, the reaction and glow follow more speedily and certainly than after a common water bath; and it may be taken with greater safety, and for a longer period. It often proves very serviceable in diseases accompanied with debility, in phthisis, scrofula, glandular enlargement, &c. A warm or hot sea-water bath is one of the most restorative imaginable; often removing the effects of fatigue and exposure--exhaustion, stiff joints, cramps, rheumatism, &c.--like a charm. Unless under sanction of a medical man, boys and girls should never be allowed to bath in the sea after the end of September. See BATH (_above_), WATERS, &c.

=Bath, Sea.= (Factitious). _Syn._ BAL'NEUM MARI'NUM FACTI''TIUM, L. Artificial sea-water, or rather a substitute for sea-water, for this purpose, is commonly prepared by adding about 3% of common salt to ordinary water.[117] The following are, however, more serviceable imitations:--

[Footnote 117:

Or (say) for small quantities-- 1-1/4 _oz._ to the quart; 5 _oz._ to the gallon. And for large quantities, as a full bath-- 2 _lbs._ to every 7 gallons.]

1. As above, with the addition of 1 _dr._ of iodide of potassium to every 3 or 4 galls. of water.

2. (Cutan. Hosp.). Common salt, 8 _lbs._; sulphate of magnesia, 2 _lbs._; chloride of calcium, 1 lb.; water, 50 to 60 _galls._

3. Salt, a handful; water, a pailful; flour of mustard, 1 _oz._ For a foot-bath.

=Bath, Show'er.= _Syn._ IMPLU''VIUM, BAL'NEUM PEN'SILE, &c., L.; DOUCHE, Fr. Similar in its effects to the cold bath or plunge-bath; but without many of its advantages. It is less alarming to nervous persons, and less liable to produce cramp, than immersion in cold water; whilst the reaction or glow follows more speedily and certainly. It is considered the best and safest mode of cold bathing, and is often highly serviceable in nervous affections. A good plan is to allow the water to remain in the bedroom all night, by which any undue degree of coldness is removed. Tepid water may be commenced with; and at first, in extreme cases, the patient may stand in hot or warm water at the time of taking the bath. The reaction following its use is greatly promoted by friction of the surface with dry rough towels.

=Bath, Soap.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SAPO'NIS, L. White soap, 2 to 3 _lbs._; water, 3 _quarts_; dissolve by heat, and add it to a warm bath. Detergent, lubricating, and discutient; in itch and other skin diseases, &c.

=Bath, Spon''ging= (sp[)u]nje'-). This title explains itself. In the sponging bath exercise and ablution are combined, and its employment by persons of sedentary habit is highly advantageous.

=Bath, Sulphur.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SUL'PHURIS, L. 1. Flowers of sulphur, 1/2 to 1 _lb._; water, a pailful; mix, agitate occasionally for 12 to 24 hours, and then add the whole to an ordinary bath. Useful in various mild, but obstinate, skin diseases. Its occasional employment, even in health, seldom fails to render the skin soft, smooth, and delicate. Soap may be used with it.

2. (Compound; B. S. COMPOS'ITUM, L.)--_a._ (Cutan. Hosp.) Precipitated sulphur, 2 _lbs._; hyposulphite of soda, 1/2 _lb._; water, 1 _gall._; dissolve, and add of sulphuric acid, 1 _dr._ One pint to every 30 _galls._ of water. In various skin diseases (see _below_).

_b._ See BATH, SULPHURETTED.

=Bath, Sul'phurous.= _Syn._ SUL'PHUROUS ACID BATH; BAL'NEUM SULPHURO'SUM, B. SUL'PHURIS[double-dagger], L. From sulphur, 1/2 _oz._, sprinkled on a hot plate placed under or near the patient; the proper precautions being taken as directed under CHLORINE BATH. In itch, lepra, psoriasis, &c. Cleanly, but seldom used, chiefly on account of the number of baths required to prove serviceable. See BATH, SULPHURETTED.

=Bath, Sul'phuretted.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM SULPHURET'UM, B. SULPHURA'TUM, B. SULPHU''REUM, &c., L.; BAIN SULFURÉ, &c., Fr. 1 Sulphurated potash, 1 _oz._; for every 10 or 12 _galls._ of water employed. Sometimes sulphurated soda, or (in the Ger. hosp.) suphurated lime, is the sulphur-salt employed. 1/2 _dr._ of sulphuric acid is also occasionally added to the bath; but this increases its f[oe]tor, without adding much, if anything, to its curative power; whilst, without care, the evolved gas may impede respiration.

2. (Gelatinous; GELAT'INO-SUL'PHUROUS B.; B. S. GELATINO'SUM, L.) Flanders glue, 1-1/2 to 2 _lbs._; dissolved and added to a 'sulphuretted bath.' Recommended, by Dupuytren, as a substitute for the 'Barèges bath.'

_Obs._ The sulphur or sulphuretted bath, under any of its forms, is a powerful remedy in almost every description of skin disease. Leprosy, the most obstinate of all, has been completely cured by it; the common itch requires only one or two applications to eradicate it entirely; all the scurfy and moist skin affections, local irritation, pimples, inflammatory patches, &c., speedily yield to its influence; scrofula, and, indeed, _all_ those affections in which the warm or vapour bath is serviceable, also derive powerful assistance from the sulphur bath.

=Bath, Tem'perate.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TEMPERA'TUS*, L.

=Bath, Tep'id.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TEP'IDUM, B. EGEL'IDUM, TEPIDA''RIUM, L.; BAIN TIÈDE &c., Fr. Approaches the warm bath in its hygiènic and medical properties; and is, perhaps the one best adapted for the mere purposes of personal cleanliness. In the spacious public tepid baths of London, swimming may be safely indulged in even in cold weather.

=Bath, Tum'ble.= An obsolete form of the shower bath.

=Bath, Turk'ish.= _Syn._ BAL'NEUM TUR'CICUM, L. A hot vapour bath or sweating bath, with massing or shampooing, ending with a warm bath or warm ablutions and friction. The EGYPTIAN, PERSIAN, and RUSSIAN BATHS are essentially similar. In the ANGLO-TURKISH BATH, recently introduced to this country, hot dry air wholly takes the place of vapour. See BATH, AIR (_antè_).