Part 55

=Balls, Bitter.= _Prep._ 1. Powdered gentian, 2 _lbs._; extract of gentian, 1 _lb._; grains of paradise (ground), 1/2 _lb._ syrup, q. s.; mix with heat, and divide into half-pound rolls. For ALE.

2. To the above add of Spanish-juice, 1-1/2 _lb._; previously softened with a little boiling water For PORTER and STOUT. Both are used by fraudulent brewers; and by publicans in reducing their beer.

=Balls, Black'ing.= _Prep._ 1 (Bailey's). Gum-tragacanth, 1 _oz._; water, 4 _oz._; dissolve, add of sugar candy, 4 _oz._; and afterwards, ivory-black and Prussian blue (in very fine powder), of each 2 _oz._; neat's foot oil, 2 _fl. oz._; thoroughly incorporate, and evaporate by a gentle heat, constantly stirring, until of a proper consistence, then pour it into oiled moulds.

2. Gum-arabic, moist sugar, and ivory-black, of each 1/2 _lb._; lamp-black, 1/4 _lb._; glue (melted with a little water), 2 _oz._; water, 1 quart, or q. s.; neat's foot oil, 1/4 pint; as before.--Used by the shoemakers, harness-makers, &c., to blacken and polish leather. See BALLS, HEEL.

=Balls, Breech'es.= See BALLS, SCOURING.

=Balls, Bronze.= See BALLS, COPYING.

=Balls, Cam'phor.= _Syn._ CAM'PHOR-CAKES, CHAP'-BALLS[double-dagger], CHIL'BLAIN B.[double-dagger], &c.; GLOB'ULI CAMPHORA'TI, PLACEN'TÆ CAMPHORA'TÆ, &c., L. _Prep._ 1. Spermaceti and white wax, of each 2 _oz._; almond or olive oil, 1/4 pint; melt together by a gentle heat, add of camphor (in small pieces), 1 _oz._; when dissolved, stir until partly cold, and then pour it into moulds, as directed under ALMOND-CAKES (_above_).

2. Clarified suet, 1 _lb._; spermaceti and white wax, of each, 3 _oz._; camphor, 2 _oz._; as before.

3. Spermaceti cerate (Ph. L.), 1 _lb._; spermaceti, 2 _oz._; camphor, 1-1/2 _oz._; as before.

4. To either of the above add of balsam of Peru, 1/4 to 1/2 _oz._; and, after solution, either strain the mixture through muslin, or allow it to settle, and decant the clear portion from the dregs.

_Use, &c._ A popular preventive of chapping and chilblains. A little is well rubbed into the skin, previously washed clean and wiped dry. Some persons add colour and scent; but they are generally sold without either. The only suitable colours are amber, pink, or yellow. The best perfumes are allspice, ambergris, cassia, cloves, mush, nutmeg, rondoletia, vanilla, and violets. See BALLS, ALMOND (_antè_).

=Balls, Clothes.= See BALLS, SCOURING.

=Balls, Contrayer'va.= _Syn._ LA'PIS CONTRAYER'VÆ, GLOB'ULI C., L. Compound contrayerva-powder made into balls with gum-water. An obsolete preparation, once in great repute as a stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic, and absorbent.

=Balls, Cop'ying.= These have a similar composition to 'heel-balls' (see _below_). For BLACK, the best colouring matter is lamp-black or plumbago with about half its weight of indigo; for a BRONZE-COLOUR, bronze-powder is substituted; and for a mellow BROWN, burnt terra di Sienna. These should be all in very fine powder. The semi-fluid mass is poured into small flat cylindrical moulds--paper pill-boxes answer the purpose well.--Used by artists and amateurs to copy inscriptions, monumental brasses, and other slightly raised or sunken patterns; the ball being rubbed over the paper previously laid flat on the design, and held securely in its place. They are sometimes rendered more permanent by damping the wrong side with a sponge dipped in water, strong spirit, or oil of turpentine; or by passing the wrong side over a hot iron held with the face upwards.

=Balls, Cosmet'ic.= See SAVONETTES, &c. (also _above_).

=Balls, Cream.= See SAVONETTES, SOAP BALLS, &c.

=Balls, Dog.= See DOGS.

=Balls, Gas'coign's.= _Syn._ GLOB'ULI GASCOIG'NII, L. Gascoign's powder made up into small balls with thin mucilage. See POWDERS.

=Balls, Heel.= _Prep._ 1. (Ullathorne's.) Bees' wax, 1 _lb._; suet, 4 _oz._; melt together, and stir in of ivory-black (very finely powdered), 4 _oz._; lamp-black (sifted), 3 _oz._; gum arabic and sugar-candy, of each (in very fine powder) 2 _oz._; and, when thoroughly mixed and partly cold, pour the composition into tin or leaden moulds.

2. To the last add of resin, 3 _oz._; oil of turpentine, 2 _oz._

3. Hard suet and bees' wax, of each 4 _oz._; powdered gum, sugar candy, and Venice turpentine, of each 1 _oz._; ivory-black and lamp-black, of each 2 _oz._; as before.

4. Suet and bees' wax, of each 4 _oz._; lamp-black and brown sugar, of each 8 _oz._; common size, 5 _oz._; melt together and stir until incorporated.

_Uses, &c._ Employed to black leather, and more especially by shoemakers for the edges of the soles; the ball being first rubbed on, and the part afterwards smoothed over with a burnisher or polished iron tool gently heated. Also used by artists to copy inscriptions, basso relievos, &c. To produce a good article, the gum, colouring matter, and sugar, must be in the state of extremely fine powder, and the mixture very carefully made; no lumps being left. Some persons dissolve the gum in a little water, and then stir the mixture over the fire until it acquires the proper consistence for moulding (as in No. 4, _above_); but the first is accounted the best method.

=Balls, Horse.= See VETERINARY MEDICINE, &c.

=Balls, Martial.= _Syn._ GLOB'ULI MARTIA'LES, L. _Prep._ 1. Those of the P. Cod. consist of tartarised iron mixed with aromatics, and made up into small globular masses.

2. (BOULES DE NANCY.) Equal parts of iron filings and red tartar, in fine powder, made into balls with proof spirit or brandy. Both are used as chalybeate tonics, either in the form of pills or dissolved in hot water. Seldom employed in England.

=Balls, Physic.= (Vet. Med.) See MASSES.

=Balls, Poultry.= See POULTRY.

=Balls, Scent.= See PASTILS (Toilet), PERFUMERY, POMAMBRA, SCENTS, &c.

=Balls, Scouring.= _Syn._ BREECH'ES BALLS, CLOTHES B., CARPET B., &c. _Prep._ 1. Curd soap (sliced), 1 _lb._; water, 2 _oz._; melt in a water bath, or a glue-pot, and when cooled a little, add ox-gall and oil of turpentine, of each, 5-1/2 _oz._; mix well and roll or mould the mass into balls or cakes.

2. Fuller's earth, 2 _lbs._; curd-soap, 1 _lb._; beat to a stiff paste with ox-gall, q. s.

3. Soft soap and fuller's earth, equal parts, beat up with a little oil of turpentine, and either with or without a little essence of lemons.--_Obs._ The above are used to remove paint, grease, and dirt from cloth, carpets, &c. The spot, first moistened with hot water, is rubbed with the cake, and allowed to soak a few minutes, or to become nearly dry, when it is well rubbed with a little warm water and a brush or piece of woollen cloth, and afterwards rinsed in clean water, and finally rubbed dry and smoothed off with a piece of dry cloth or a dry brush. The last formula produces the composition so commonly vended about the streets of London in penny cakes.

4. Whiting and pipe-clay, equal parts; water, q. s. Used for soldiers' belts, trousers, &c.

5. Pipe-clay, 2 _lbs._; fuller's earth, 1 _lb._; whiting, 1/2 _lb._; water, q. s.

6. Bath brick, 1 _lb._; pipe-clay, 2 _lbs._; soft soap, 1/4 _lb._; ox-gall, 1/2 pint.

7. To the last add of pumice-stone, in very fine powder, 6 _oz._--_Obs._ The last four are used for cloth and leather, especially for drab and light-coloured coats, trousers, leather breeches, belts, and gloves. Rose pink, yellow ochre, umber, Irish slate, or other like colouring matter, may be added to produce any desired tint. White pepper, cloves, &c., are also occasionally added to drive away moths and insects; and orris root, or essence of bergamot or of lemon-grass, as perfume.

=Balls, Sweet.= See BALLS, SCENT (_antè_).

=Balls, Tan.= The muddy sediment of tan-pits made into balls or lumps.--Used by the poor for summer fuel.

=Balls, Wash.= See SAVONETTES, SOAP, &c.

=BALM= (bahm). _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM, L.; BAUME, Fr.; BALSAM, Ger. Primarily, balsam (of which it is a contraction); formerly and still popularly applied to anything assumed to be soothing, healing, or genial in its action, particularly if also aromatic or fragrant; but chiefly to medicines and liqueurs, supposed to possess these properties. See BALSAMS, LIQUEURS, QUACK MEDICINES, &c.

=Balm.= _Syn._ COM'MON BALM, GAR'DEN B.; MELIS'SA, L.; BAUME, MÉLISSE, Fr. The _melis'sa officina'lis_ (Linn.), an aromatic perennial herb, a native of the south of Europe, but commonly cultivated in our gardens. It is reputed to be diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, exhilarating, nervine, and stomachic; and under the form of infusion (BALM-TEA) has long been a popular remedy in hypochondriacal, hysterical, and nervous affections, and in amenorrh[oe]a and chlorosis. It is still sometimes ordered as a drink in fevers and in hypochondriasis.

=Balm of a Thousand Flowers.= Chandler says this is a thick yellow emulsion, free from injurious metallic ingredients.

=Balm of White Lilies=, for preserving and beautifying the skin (H. A. Hoadley, New York). This, also according to Chandler, is a red-coloured water containing a large quantity of chalk in suspension, but with no injurious metallic ingredient.

=BAL'SAM= (bawl'-s[)a]m; -s[)u]m[double-dagger]§--Knowles, Walker). [Eng., Ger.] _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM (b[)a]l'-), L.; BAUME, Fr. Originally, any strong-scented oleo-resinous vegetable juice or exudation, of about the fluidity of treacle, and supposed to possess medicinal virtues. In _modern chemistry_ and _pharmacy_, any vegetable production which is either semi-liquid, or which naturally becomes concrete, and which contains either benzoic acid, or cinnamic acid, combined with resin and aromatic essential oil. Several of the substances popularly termed balsams contain no benzoic acid, and are consequently now classed with the turpentines. This distinction, however, is far from being universally adopted, and a late high authority defines balsams to be "Exudations from plants, which are liquid or soft solid, and consist of a substance resembling a resin, either combined with benzoic acid, or with an essential oil, or both." (Brande.)

The leading properties of the true natural balsams are--Insolubility in water, almost entire solubility in alcohol, and partial solubility in ether and in the volatile and fixed oils; the possession of a powerful, and generally, an agreeable odour, a hot, resinous or terebinthinate taste, and the usual stimulant and tonic properties of the milder turpentines. Distilled with water, ethereal oil and some acid pass over, and the residuum consists chiefly or entirely of acid-resin.

The TRUE BALSAMS, as those of benzoin Peru, styrax, and tolu, and the celebrated Chinese varnish-balsam, contain either benzoic or cinnamic acid. Among those falsely termed balsams, are copaiba, opobalsam, Japan lac-varnish, and some of the turpentines.

The following list includes most of the substances, natural and artificial, which pass, or have passed, under the name of balsams:[105]--

[Footnote 105: For articles and preparations often called 'balsams', and not found under this head, see ELIXIRS, OILS, PATENT MEDICINES, PERFUMERY, TINCTURES, &c. &c.]

=Balsam, Acous'tic.= See DROPS.

=Balsam, Amer'ican[dagger].= Balsam of Peru.

=Balsam, An'odyne.= _Syn._ SOOTH'ING BALSAM; BAL'SAMUM ANO'DYNUM (-d[)i]n-), B. TRANQUIL'LANS, L.; BAUME ANODIN, B. TRANQUILLE, B. TRANQUILLISANT, &c., Fr. _Prep._ 1. (Bate's.) See PATENT MEDICINES.

2. (Guy's.) A vulnerary balsam invented by Guy, of Caliac, once in great repute, but now obsolete. It consisted of aloes, amber, ammoniacum, balsam of Peru, bdellium, caranna, castor, galbanum, labdanum, myrrh, olibanum, storax, tacamahaca, and Venice turpentine, digested in alcohol.

3. (B. TRANQUILLANS, P. Cod.) Fresh leaves of belladonna, henbane, night-shade, tobacco, poppy, stramonium, of each two ounces; dried leaves of costermary, rosemary, rue, and sage, of each half an ounce; dried tops of wormwood, hyssop, sweet marjoram, peppermint, buckbean, and thyme, of each half an ounce; flowers of lavender and elder, of each half an ounce; olive oil, fifty ounces. Heat the green plants in the oil gently until all their water is dissipated; keep on the fire until the oil becomes of a green colour, and whilst still hot, mix in the other plants, carefully dried, and cut up. Digest for twelve hours on a water bath, strain, and filter.

4. (BAUME TRANQUILLE DE CHOMEL.) Henbane, hound's tongue, and tobacco, of each 1 lb.; white wine, 3 pints; boil down to a quart; press, strain, and add to the hot 'strained liquor' of olive oil, 1 quart, and again boil.

=Balsam, Ap'oplexy.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM APOPLEC'TICUM, B. AD APOPLEC'TICOS (Ph. E. 1744), L. _Prep._ 1. Amber, civet, musk, Peruvian balsam, and some volatile oils, made into a balsam.

2. (Ph. E. 1744) Expressed oil of nutmeg, 1 oz.; liquefy by a gentle heat, and stir in of the oils of cloves, lavender, and rosemary, of each, 1/2 dr.; oil of amber, 10 drops; balsam of Peru, 1 dr. Both were formerly used to anoint the head and nostrils of apoplectic patients, and were believed to be of great efficacy.

=Balsam, Asiat'ic[dagger].= Balm of Gilead.

=Balsam, Bate's.= See BALSAM, ANODYNE.

=Balsam, Berlin=, for burns, cuts, bruises, and wounds of every kind, sores and ulcers, frost-bites, &c. Chloride of lime with impure glycerine.

=Balsam Bilfinger=, for rheumatism and gout. Black soap, 25 grms.; water, 40 grms.; spirit of wine, 10 grms.; camphorated spirit, 10 grms.; liquor ammoniæ caustic, 20 grms.; tinct. capsici, 5 grms. (Schädler.)

=Balsam, Brazilian.= Balsam of copaiba.

=Balsam, Calaba'.= _Syn._ TACAMAHA'CA. A fragrant resinous substance produced by _calophyl'lum cal'aba_, or Santa Maria tree.

=Balsam, Cam'phor.= _Syn._ CAM'PHORATED BALSAM; BAL'SAMUM CAMPHORA'TUM, &c., L. _Prep._ 1. As camphor-liniment, Ph. L.

2. (B. ACE'TICUM C., Sanchez's GOUT-B.:--Pelletier.) Curd-soap and camphor, of each 5 drs.; oil of thyme, 2 scru.; acetic ether, 5 oz.; digest together in a stoppered bottle until the solids are dissolved. Recommended as an efficacious anodyne liniment in certain forms of rheumatism and gout.

=Balsam, Can'ada.= See TURPENTINES.

=Balsam, Cana'ry.= A volatile oleaginous substance obtained by distillation from _draco-ceph'alum Moldavi'cum_.

=Balsam, Carpa'thian.= Riga Balsam.

=Balsam, Cephal'ic.= (Saxon.) _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM CEPHALI'CUM SAXON'ICUM, L. A liquid preparation obtained from the essential oils of amber, lavender, marjoram, nutmeg, pennyroyal, rue, sage, &c., distilled together. Once in high repute; but long disused in England.

=Balsam, Chil'blain.= See LINIMENTS.

=Balsam, Chi'na Varnish.= The aromatic varnish-like exudation of _au'gia sinen'sis_, used by the Chinese as a varnish or lacquer, for which purpose it is, perhaps, unequalled. It is highly fragrant, and abounds in benzoic acid.

=Balsam, Command'er's[dagger].= Compound tincture of benzoin.

=Balsam, Copalm'.= Liquid-ambar.

=Balsam Egyp'tian.= Balm of Mecca.

=Balsam, Eye, Augsburg.= Red oxide of mercury, ·75 grm.; extract of belladonna, ·5 grm.; tincture of opium, ·5 grm.; fatty substance, 7 grms. (Hager.)

=Balsam, Eye= (Müller, Berlin). Red oxide of mercury, 5 parts; opium, 3 parts; unsalted butter, 100 parts.

=Balsam, Eye=, (Müller's Widow, Berlin). Red oxide of mercury, ·2 grm.; unsalted, unusually rancid, butter, 10 grms.

=Balsam, Fe'male.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM EMBRYO'NUM, A'QUA E., L. An obsolete preparation made by digesting misletoe, civet, musk, and several other aromatics, in a mixture of wine and various medicated waters, and submitting the whole to distillation. Formerly taken both internally and externally, as a tonic for both f[oe]tus and mother; and particularly to prevent abortion, &c.

=Balsam, Fri'ar's.= Compound tincture of benzoin.

=Balsam, Gen'oa.= Locatelle's balsam.

=Balsam, Glyc'erin= (gl[)i]s'-). _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM GL[)Y]CERI'NÆ, L. _Prep._ To white wax and spermaceti, of each, 1 _oz._; almond oil, 1/2 _lb._; melted together, add of glycerin, 2 _oz._; balsam of Peru, 1/2 _oz._; and stir or agitate until nearly cold. 12 or 15 drops of otto of roses may be substituted for the balsam.--Used to soften and whiten the skin, and to prevent chaps and chilblains.

=Balsam, God'bold's Vegetable.= See PATENT MEDICINES.

=Balsam, Goulard's'.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM GOULAR'DII, B. SATUR'NI, L.; BAUME DE GOULARD, Fr. _Prep._ (Van Mons.) Acetate of lead (in fine powder, and quite dry) is triturated, for some time, with hot oil of turpentine, in a heated mortar, or until no more will dissolve; after repose, and whilst still hot, the clear portion is decanted. Recommended as a useful application to foul and painful ulcers, and to scalds and burns.

=Balsam, Green.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM VIR'IDE, &c., L.; BAUME VERT, Fr. _Prep._ 1. Linseed-oil, 6 lbs.; gum-elemi, 1 lb.; heat them together; add of powdered verdigris, 3 oz., or q. s. to impart a rich green colour, and, after repose, decant the clear portion.

2. Linseed oil strongly coloured with verdigris. Both were formerly much used by surgeons as detergents. 'Green-oil' or 'oil of elder-leaves' is now commonly sold for it.

A natural balsam, brought from Peru, and produced by _chlorox'ylon verticilla'tum_, is also popularly called GREEN BALSAM (of Peru).

=Balsam, Guaiacum.= (Ph. Lond. 1745.) Guaiac, 1 lb.; balsam of Peru, 3 dr.; rect. spirit, 2 pints.

=Balsam, Gurgun'= (-g[=o][=o]n') _Syn._ GURGI'NA BALSAM, WOOD-OIL (of India). From _dipterocar'pus tri'nervis_, and other species, by applying a slow fire to a notch or wound made in the trunk. Has a mixed smell of copaiba and naphtha. _Properties_ and _dose_ similar to those of balsam of copaiba. Sp. gr. ·962 to ·964. See COPAIBA and WOOD-OIL.

=Balsam, Hill's, of Honey.= See PATENT MEDICINES.

=Balsam, Hungarian.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM HUNGAR'ICUM, L. A terebinthinate exudation from the extremities of the branches of _pi'nus pumil'io_ (Willd.) or mountain-pine. It is also obtained by pressure from the 'cones' of the same tree.

=Balsam, Ioduretted.= See LINIMENTS.

=Balsam, Japan Varnish.= _Syn._ JAPAN LACQ'UER. Exudes from incisions made in the trunk of _melanorrh[oe]'a usitatis'sima_, according to Wallich; or _stagma''ria, avernicif'lua_ according to Lindley. It constitutes the celebrated lac-varnish of the Japanese. It differs from that of China, and from the true balsams, in not containing benzoic acid. It is extremely acrid and irritant; and even its fumes affect the eyes and respiration.

=Balsam[dagger], Jews'.= Balm of Gilead.

=Balsam of Life, Professor Cook's.= Recommended especially for toothache and skin diseases. Borax, 20 parts; boiling water, 250 parts; camphor, 1-1/2 part. (Hager.)

=Balsam, Locatelle's'.= _Syn._ LOCATEL'LI'S BALSAM; BAL'SAMUM LOCATEL'LI, B. LUCATEL'LI, B. ITAL'ICUM, B. GENOFE'VÆ, &c., L. var. _Prep._ 1. (Original Formula.) Olive oil, 6 oz.; yellow wax, 4 oz.; sherry wine, 5 fl. oz.; red sanders (in very fine powder), 4 dr.; simmer them together until the moisture is nearly evaporated, then add of Strasburgh turpentine, 6 oz.; balsam of Peru, 2 dr.; strain through linen, and stir until nearly cold.

2. (Ph. E. 1744.) Olive oil, 24 fl. oz.; yellow wax, 1 lb.; melt, and add of Venice turpentine, 1-1/2 lb.; and, when cooled a little, further add, powdered dragon's blood, 1 oz.; balsam of Peru, 2 oz.; and stir until cold.

3. (Ph. L. 1746.) Olive oil, 16 fl. oz.; Venice turpentine and yellow wax, of each 1/2 lb.; red sanders, 6 dr.

_Uses, &c._ A once highly esteemed pectoral, and still occasionally used, by the lower classes, in phthisis and chronic coughs (mixed with an equal weight of conserve of roses), and as a mild stimulating ointment.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. or more.

=Balsam, Mercu''rial[dagger].= Ointment of nitrate of mercury.

=Balsam, Metz's.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM VIR'IDE METEN'SIUM, L.; BAUME VERT DE METZ, Fr. _Prep._ (Guibourt.) Linseed oil and olive oil, of each 6 oz.; oil of laurel-berries, 1 oz.; common turpentine, 2 oz.; melt by a gentle heat, and add of verdigris 3 dr.; aloes, 2 dr.; sulphate of zinc, 1-1/2 dr. (all in powder); mix well, strain or pour the liquid into a bottle, and add oil of juniper, 4 dr.; oil of cloves, 1 dr. Used on the Continent as a common detergent dressing to wounds and ulcers.

=Balsam, Mex'ican[dagger].= Balsam of Peru.

=Balsam, Nat'ural[dagger].= That which exudes from plants, as opposed to those formed by art.

=Balsam, Ner'vine.= See OINTMENTS.

=Balsam, Odontal'gic.= See DROPS.

=Balsam, Opodel'doc.= See OPODELDOC (French).

=Balsam, Pec'toral.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM PECTORA'LE, L.; BAUME PECTORAL, Fr. _Prep._ 1. Tincture of tolu and compound tincture of benzoin, of each, 2 oz.; rectified spirit, 4 oz.; mix. _Dose_, 1/2 to 1 teaspoonful, night and morning; in chronic coughs, hoarseness, &c.

2, 3. See BALSAM OF HONEY, B. OF HOREHOUND, &c.

=Balsam, Persian[dagger].= Friar's Balsam.

=Balsam, Peru''vian.= See BALSAM OF PERU.

=Balsam, Poly'chrest.= _Syn._ ELIXIR POLYCHRESTON. (E. 1745.) Guaiacum, 6 oz.; balsam of Peru, 1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 32 oz. Digest in a sand bath for 4 days, and add oil of sassafras, 2 dr.

=Balsam, Poser's= (E. Gross, Breslau), for chronic and local rheumatism. A yellow liquid, composed of:--Oil of rosemary, 4 grms.; camphor, 10 grms.; tincture of ants, 15 grms.; tincture of cantharides, 5 grms.; spirit of wine, 90 grms.; tincture of saffron, 10 drops. (Hager.)

=Balsam, Potsdam= (aromatic balsamic perfume). Liquid storax, 4 grms.; cloves, 2 grms.; oil of cloves, 3 grms.; oil of cassia, 1 grm.; oils of bergamot, lemon, and lavender, [=a][=a], 2 grms.; oil of curled mint, 1/4 grm.; rectified spirit, 200 grms.; macerate and filter. (Hager.)

=Balsam, Riga.= (r[=e]'-). _Syn._ CARPA'THINA BALSAM; BAL'SAMUM CARPATH'ICUM, B. LIB'ANI, &c., L.; BAUME DE CARPATHES, Fr. A pellucid white fluid obtained by careful distillation from the young shoots of _pi'nus cem'bra_ (Linn.) or Siberian stone-pine. It much resembles oil of juniper; and, like that article, is powerfully diuretic. It is regarded as vulnerary, and is highly esteemed by some in sprains and bruises. The bottoms of oil of juniper are commonly sold for it in the shops. The spirit distilled from pine-tops (_spiritus turionum pini_) is also frequently, although incorrectly, called BIGA BALSAM.

=Balsam, Sanchez's Gout.= See BALSAM, CAMPHORATED.

=Balsam, Sooth'ing.= See BALSAM, ANODYNE.

=Balsam, St. Genevieve.= Thick turpentine, 5 parts; olive oil, 30 parts; bees' wax, 25 parts; spermaceti, 5 parts; camphor, 1 part; red sanders, 4 parts.

=Balsam, St. John Long's= (liniment), used for application to the chest in cases of phthisis, is a thick emulsion composed of:--Turpentine, 25 parts; yolk of eggs, 50 parts; concentrated vinegar, 5 parts; rose water, 15 parts; and a few drops of essence of lemon.

=Balsam, Stomach'ic= (-m[)a]k'-). _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM STOMACH'ICUM, L.; BAUME STOMACHIQUE, Fr. _Prep._ (Ph. Slesv.-Hols. 1831.) Oils of cloves, mace, wormwood, and peppermint, of each 1 dr.; balsam of Peru, 2 dr.; oil of nutmeg, 2 oz.; mix. 1 to 5 or 6 drops, on sugar, or dissolved in spirit.

=Balsam, Syr'ian.= Balsam of Mecca.

=Balsam, Thibaut's.= See PATENT MEDICINES.

=Balsam, Tooth'ache.= See DROPS, &c.

=Balsam, Traumat'ic.= Compound tincture of benzoin.

=Balsam, Tur'key.= _Syn._ TUR'KEY BALM. The distilled oil of the dracocephalum moldavicum.

=Balsam, Tur'lington's.= See PATENT MEDICINES.

=Balsam, Univer'sal.= _Syn._ BAL'SAMUM UNIVERSA'LE, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Slesv.-Hols. 1831.) Rape oil (recent), 1-1/2 lb.; yellow wax, 1/2 lb.; acetate of lead (in fine powder), 3 oz.; powdered camphor, 1/2 oz.; melted together; observing to triturate the acetate with a small portion of the oil before adding it to the mixture, and not to add the camphor until the heat is reduced a little.--_Obs._ This name has also been given to 'compound cerate of lead,' and even to 'cerate of acetate of lead.'

=Balsam, Vervain's[dagger].= Compound tincture of benzoin.