Part 163

=Extracts, Narcotic, with Sugar.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM NARCOTICA CUM SACCHARO. (Guager.) _Prep._ Dissolve 6 oz. of alcoholic extract of the plant in 14 dr. or 2 oz. of strong alcohol by trituration in a porcelain mortar, and mix with it 30 oz. of powdered white sugar, gradually added, with constant stirring. Set the mixture in a warm situation until dry. Add sugar q. s. to make up 36 oz. These preparations are less liable to lose their efficacy than the simple extracts. 6 gr. represent one of the extract.

=Extract of Net'tles.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM URTICÆ, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the juice of nettles (_Urtica dioica_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L. Antiscorbutic, diuretic, and narcotic.

=Extract of Nose'gay.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF NOSEGAY; EXTRAIT DE BOUQUET, Fr. _Prep._ Flowers of benzoin, 1 dr.; essence of ambergris, 2 fl. oz.; spirits of jasmine and extract (esprit) of violets, of each 1 pint; spirits of cassia, roses, orange flowers and gillyflowers, of each 1/2 pint; mix. A delightful perfume.

=Extract of Nux Vom'ica.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF KOOCHLA NUTS; EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICÆ, B. P. _Prep._ 1. (Aqueous; E. N. V. AQUOSUM, L.--Ph. Bor.) From the powdered nut, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. (nearly.)--_Dose_, 1 to 5 gr.

2. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICÆ--Ph. L. E. and D., E. N. V. ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ (B. P.) Soften nux vomica by steam, dry rapidly, and reduce to fine powder; boil with rectified spirit until exhausted, strain, distil off the spirit, and evaporate to the consistence of a soft extract.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 gr.

_b._ (Ph. L.) Koochla or poison nuts (seed or fruit of _Strychnos Nux-vomica_), 8 oz.; rectified spirit, 3 pints; expose them to steam until softened, then bruise, slice, and dry them, and macerate them in 2-3rds of the spirit for 7 days; express the tincture, and repeat the maceration with the remaining 1-3rd of the spirit; again express the liquid; lastly, filter the mixed tinctures, distil off the greater part of the spirit, and complete the evaporation by a gentle heat. The formula of the P. Cod. is similar, but using spirit sp. gr. ·863 (=41 o. p.).

_c._ (Ph. E.) The sliced and dried nuts are to be ground in a coffee-mill, and either exhausted by percolation with rectified spirit or by boiling the powder in repeated portions of the menstruum. The formulæ of the Ph. Baden and U. S. are similar.

_d._ (Ph. D. 1826.) From a tincture of the rasped nut made with proof spirit, observing that the extract, whilst thickening, should be properly stirred.

_Obs._ This extract consists chiefly of impure igasurate of strychnia, and is exhibited in similar cases to that alkaloid. Used as a stimulant of the nervous system in paralysis.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr., gradually and cautiously increased to 2 gr. It is very poisonous. On the large scale, the nuts are ground in a drug-mill.

=Extract of Oak Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM QUERCÛS, E. CORTICIS QUERCÛS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. D. 1826.) From the decoction. Astringent.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr. Now seldom used.

=Extract of O'pium.= _Prep._ 1. (AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF OPIUM, SIMPLE E. OF O.; EXTRACTUM OPII (B. P.), E. O. AQUOSUM (Ph. D.), E. O. PURIFICATUM, L.)--_a._ (B. P.) Opium in thin slices, 1 lb.; distilled water, 6 pints. Macerate the opium in 2 pints of the water for 24 hours, and express the liquor. Reduce the residue of the opium to a uniform pulp, macerate again in 2 pints of the water for 24 hours, and express. Repeat the operation a third time. Mix the liquors, strain through flannel, and evaporate by a water bath to a proper consistence for forming pills.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 gr., or more.

_b._ (Ph. L.) Opium (powdered), 1-1/2 lb.; distilled water (cold), 2-1/2 pints; mix gradually, and macerate for 24 hours, frequently stirring with a spatula; (press), strain, and repeat the maceration for 24 hours with a fresh quantity (2-1/2 pints) of water; lastly, evaporate the (mixed) strained liquors to a proper consistence. The formulæ of the Ph. E. D. and Baden, and P. Cod., are essentially the same.

_c._ (Ph. D. 1826.) As the last, but using boiling water, and exposing the mixed liquors to the air for 2 days, before filtering, and evaporating them. Inferior to the last.

_d._ (Purified.) The extract, prepared with cold water, is evaporated to dryness, powdered, and redissolved in cold water; after 48 hours' exposure, and defecation, it is decanted from the dregs, filtered, and gently evaporated, as before. Superior to any other extract of opium made.

_Obs._ Good opium yields from 60% to 70% of its weight of extract, but much depends upon the variety used.--_Dose_, 1/4 gr. to 2 gr., as an anodyne, sedative, and hypnotic. It is less stimulating than ordinary opium. That prepared by the third formula is, indeed, scarcely inferior in its action to the salts of morphine.

This extract is kept in both the hard and soft state (EXTRACTUM OPII DURUM, E. O. MOLLE). A solution of the former, in distilled water, with the addition of a little spirit to keep it, forms Battley's 'LIQUOR OPII SEDATIVUS,' The Dublin formula is that adopted by the wholesale druggists.

Besides the aqueous extract, there are the following preparations:--

2. (EXTRACTUM OPII LIQUIDUM, B. P.; EXTRACT OF OPIUM.) Distilled water, 16; rectified spirit, 4. Digest the extract of opium in the water for an hour, stirring frequently; filter, and add the spirit. The product should measure 20.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.

3. (Acetic; EXTRACTUM OPII ACETICUM, L.--Soubeiran.) Opium, 1 oz.; distilled vinegar, 1 quart; digest 2 days (with heat), decant, filter, and evaporate.

4. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM OPII ALCOHOLICUM, L.--Ph. Antwerp.) From the tincture.

5. (Aqueo-alcoholic; E. OPII AQUO-ALCOHOLICUM, L.--Taddei.) The opium, exhausted by spirit, is digested in warm water, and the infusion and tincture, separately filtered, are mixed and evaporated.

6. (De-narcotised; EXTRACTUM OPII ABSQUE NARCOTINA, L.--_a._ (P. Cod.) The aqueous extract is reduced with hot water to the consistence of a syrup, and when cold this is mixed with 8 times its volume of ether, and the whole is frequently shaken for a day or two; the ethereal solution is then decanted, and the process repeated with fresh ether, as long as it dissolves anything. The original form of Robiquet is similar. Said to consist entirely of impure MURIATE OF MORPHINE, GUM, and EXTRACTIVE.

_b._ (M. Lamousin-Lamothe.) Aqueous extract, 4 parts; resin, 1 part; beat well together; add boiling water, 16 parts; boil to one half; add cold water, 8 parts, filter, and evaporate.

7. (By fermentation; EXTRACTUM OPII PER FERMENTATIONEM, L.)--_a._ Opium and sugar, of each 4 oz.; water, 1 quart; rub together, and keep the mixture, loosely covered, in a warm situation (about 70° Fahr.), for 10 days or more; then add of cold water, 1 quart, and the next day filter and evaporate.

_b._ (Duyeux.) From an unstrained mixture of opium, 1 part, with water, 8 parts, and a little yeast; left for a week at a temperature of 68° to 77° Fahr., and then diluted, filtered, and evaporated. Some parties have recommended quince juice as the menstruum.

8. (Roasted; EXTRACTUM OPII TORREFACTI, L.--Guibourt.) Powdered opium is heated on a flat dish over a moderate fire, with constant stirring, as long as fumes are given off; it is then exhausted by treating it twice with 6 times its weight of water, and the mixed liquor, after filtration, is evaporated.

9. (Vinous; EXTRACTUM OPII VINO PARATUM, L.--P. Cod.) From wine of opium. The above extracts of opium (excepting the alcoholic) are regarded as less exciting than the other preparations of the drug. The dose of each is similar to that of the aqueous extract.

=Extract of Or'ange Peel.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CORTICIS AURANTII, L. _Prep._ 1. From the thin yellow peel, as EXTRACT OF MADDER.

2. See AURANTII.

=Extract of Ox-gall.= _Syn._ INSPISSATED OX-GALL; EXTRACTUM FELLIS BOVINI, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From ox-gall, strained, and evaporated in a water bath.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.; in pills.

2. (Hunter Lane.) As the last, but reducing the gall to dryness, and then powdering it. It must be preserved in well-corked bottles.--_Dose_, 3 to 12 gr.

=Extract of Parei'ra.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PAREIRÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Pareira root in coarse powder, 1; boiling distilled water, 10, or a sufficiency; digest the pareira with 1-1/2 of water for twenty-four hours, then pack in a percolator, and water till by slow percolation 10 has passed through; evaporate in a water bath to a pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 13 to 20 gr.

2. (Ph. L.) From the root of velvet leaf or pareira brava (_Cissampelos Pareira_), as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.

3. (P. E.) As EXTRACT OF LIQUORICE--Ph. E. The P. Cod. formula is similar. Alterative, tonic, and diuretic.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr.; chiefly in affections of the bladder.

4. EXTRACTUM PAREIRA LIQUIDUM (B. P.). Pareira in coarse powder, 16; boiling distilled water, 160, or a sufficiency; rectified spirit, 3; macerate in 20 of water for twenty-four hours; pack in a percolator, adding more of the water; allow the liquor slowly to pass until 160 has been collected, or the pareira is exhausted; evaporate to 13, and, when cold, add the spirit; filter and make up to 16.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 2 dr.

=Extract of Par'sley.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PETROSELINI, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the root, as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

2. (M. Peraibe.) From the fresh leaves, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE. Febrifuge and tonic.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

=Extract of Pasque Flower.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ANEMONIS, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the recent or dried flower, as either of the EXTRACTS OF ACONITE--P. Cod.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 gr.

_Obs._ Several species of _Anemone_ have been used in medicine, especially _Anemone pratensis_ and _A. pulsatilla_. According to Baron Stoerck, the former is resolvent, and is an effectual remedy in various chronic diseases, particularly in amaurosis, cataract, opacity of the cornea, nocturnal pains, suppressions, &c. 1/2 to 1 gr., combined with sugar of milk, has been highly recommended in hooping-cough.

=Extract of Pa'tience Dock.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PATIENTIÆ, L. _Prep._ From the root of _Rumex Patientia_ or garden patience, as EXTRACT OF HOPS. Aperient and stomachic. Used in double doses in lieu of extract of rhubarb.

=Extract of Paullin'ia.= See EXTRACT OF GUARANA.

=Extract of Peach Blos'som.= _Prep._ From essence of lemons, 1 oz.; pure balsam of Peru, 2 dr.; essence (oil) of bitter almonds, 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 3 pints; spirit of orange flowers, 1 pint; spirit of jasmin, 1/4 pint; mix. A pleasant and powerful perfume.

=Extract of Pel'litory.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PYRETHRI, E. P. ÆTHERO-ALCOHOLICUM, L. Prep. (W. Procter.) Alcohol (rectified spirit), 1 pint; ether, 1/2 pint; mix, and pour it gradually on root of pellitory (_Anacyclus Pyrethrum_), 1 lb., placed in a percolator; afterwards pour on alcohol, 1 pint; and subsequently sufficient dilute alcohol (proof spirit) to displace 2-1/2 pints of tincture (ESSENCE OF PELLITORY, TOOTHACHE ESSENCE); the latter is either suffered to evaporate spontaneously, or by a very gentle heat, until a soft extract is attained. Used to destroy the sensibility of the nerves of the teeth, previous to plugging, and for toothache.

=Extract of Pep'per.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PIPERIS, E. P. NIGRI, L. _Prep._ 1. From decoction of black pepper (bruised). Stimulant; stronger tasted than the berries, but less aromatic.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1 dr.; in agues.

2. (Fluid; EXTRACTUM PIPERIS FLUIDUM, L.)--Ph. U. S. From black pepper, as FLUID EXTRACT OF CUBEBS--Ph. U. S., separating the PIPERINE by expression through a cloth, and keeping the fluid portion for use.

=Extract of Pimpinel'la.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PIMPINELLÆ, L. _Prep._ From the root of burnet saxifrage (_Pimpinella saxifraga_), as EXTRACT OF HOPS. Astringent.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.

=Extract of Pink'root.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF WORM GRASS, E. OF WORMSEED ROOT; EXTRACTUM SPIGELIÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From Carolina pinkroot (_Spigelia Marylandica_), as EXTRACT OF BOX--P. Cod.--_Dose_, 5 to 20 gr.

2. (Fluid; ESSENCE OF PINKROOT, LIQUOR OF P.; EXTRACTUM SPIGELIÆ FLUIDUM, L.) Pinkroot, 1 lb.; proof spirit, 3 pints; make a tincture, evaporate to 10 fl. oz., add sugar, 3/4 lb., and rectified spirit, q. s. to make the whole measure exactly a pint.--_Dose._ For a child, beginning with 1/2 a teaspoonful.

3. (Compound; COMPOUND LIQUOR OF PINKROOT; EXTRACTUM SPIGELIÆ FLUIDUM COMP., L.)--_a._ (Estlack.) Carolina pinkroot or spigelia (bruised), 4 oz.; senna, 3 oz.; savine, 1 dr.; pour on boiling water, 1 quart; when cold, add rectified spirit, 1/2 pint; digest 24 hours, express (or percolate), filter, evaporate to 12 fl. oz., in which dissolve, manna, 1 oz.; sugar, 8 oz. Every fl. oz. is equal to 2 dr. of pinkroot and 1-1/2 dr. of senna.--_Dose._ For a child, 1/2 to 1 teaspoonful; for an adult, a tablespoonful.

_b._ (W. Procter.) Pinkroot, 16 oz.; senna, 8 oz. (both in coarse powder); dilute alcohol (sp. gr. ·935), 2 pints; macerate for 2 days, then proceed by displacement, adding fresh spirit, until 4 pints have passed through; filter, evaporate to 20 fl. oz., and add carbonate of potassa, 1 oz.; next add oils of caraway and aniseed, of each 1/2 dr.; (previously triturated with) powdered sugar, 24 oz.; lastly, apply a gentle heat to dissolve the sugar.

_c._ (EXTRACTUM SPIGELIÆ ET SENNÆ FLUIDUM--Ph. U. S.) As the last (nearly).--_Dose._ As above. All the above preparations of pinkroot are regarded as powerful and certain anthelmintics; particularly the last two.

=Extract of Pipsis'sewa.= See EXTRACT OF WINTER-GREEN.

=Extract of Poi'son Oak.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RHOIS TOXICODENDRI, L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the expressed juice of the leaves of _Rhus toxicodendron_. Narcotic, stimulant, and alterative.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr. to 1 gr., gradually increased; in chronic rheumatism, obstinate skin diseases, &c.

=Extract of Pomegran'ate.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GRANATI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Soubeiran, & P. Cod.) From the root-bark of pomegranate, as EXTRACT OF BOX. In tapeworm.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.; followed by a purgative.

2. (E. G. CORTICIS FRUCTUS, L.) From the decoction of the fruit-rind. As the last.

=Extract of Pop'pies.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PAPAVERIS (B. P.), E. P. ALBI, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Capsules coarsely powdered, 16; rectified spirit, 2; distilled water, a sufficiency; mix the poppy capsules with 40 of the water, stirring them frequently during 24 hours; then pack in a percolator, and pass water slowly through them until about 160 have passed through; evaporate the liquor by a water bath to 20; when cold, add the spirit. After 24 hours filter the liquor, and evaporate to a pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 2 or 5 grains.

2. (Ph. L.) Bruised poppy-heads (without the seeds), 15 oz.; boiled distilled water, 1 gall.; macerate 24 hours, boil to one half, strain, and complete the evaporation.

3. (Ph. E.) As the last, with "capsules not quite ripe."

_Obs._ The medical action of extract of poppies, for the most part, resembles that of opium; but it is considerably weaker, and is generally regarded as less prone to produce headache and delirium.--_Dose_, 2 to 12 gr. It is usually prepared by the large manufacturers, by exhausting the capsules, by coction with water; hence the inferior quality of the extract of the shops, which contains a considerable quantity of inert matter.

The principal consumption of this extract is among the brewers, brewers' druggists, and wine merchants. For this purpose it is evaporated until it becomes hard on cooling, when it is formed into half-pound rolls, and covered with paper, like lead plaster. One of these rolls added to a hogshead of ale, stout, or sherry, materially increases the 'headiness' or apparent strength of these beverages.

=Extract of Pota'to.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SOLANI TUBEROSI, L. _Prep._ (Dr J. Latham.) From the stem and leaves of the potato plant, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L. Narcotic.--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr.

=Extract of Pur'ging Flax.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM LINI CATHARTICI, L. _Prep._ (Dr B. Lane.) From the dried herb, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. Aperient and diuretic--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.; 14 lbs. yielded 2-1/4 lbs. of extract.

=Extract of Quas'sia.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM QUASSIÆ (B. P.), EX. Q. LIGNI, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Quassia scraped, 1 lb.; distilled water, a sufficiency; macerate the quassia in 8 oz. of water for 12 hours; pack in a percolator; add water till the quassia is exhausted; evaporate, filter before it becomes thick, and again evaporate in a water bath to a proper consistence for pills.--_Dose_, 2 to 5 gr.

2. From the decoction of quassia chips. Product, 5% to 6%.

3. (Ph. E.) From the rasped wood, as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod. Bitter and stomachic.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr., or more.

_Obs._ This extract is almost universally prepared by coction, and is principally consumed by the brewers, who employ it as a substitute for hops, in large quantities. The bark is frequently substituted for the wood, but is considerably less bitter. The Ph. Baden has an extract prepared with spirit of ·944.

=Extract of Quince Seeds.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CYDONIÆ, E. C. SEMINUM. _Prep._ From the decoction. Sucked as a lozenge, in hoarseness, &c.

=Extract of Ragwort.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JACOB[OE]Æ. The inspissated juice of rag-wort.

=Extract of Rha'tany.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RHATANIÆ; E. KRAMERIÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Rhatany in coarse powder, 1; cold distilled water, 15; macerate 24 hours in 2 of the water, then percolate the whole; evaporate by water bath to dryness.--_Dose_, 5 to 20 grains.

2. (Ph. E. Baden and U. S.) From dried rhatany root (_Krameria triandria_), as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

3. (Ph. Bor.) By two successive macerations in boiling water of 24 hours each, and evaporating at a temperature not exceeding 165° Fahr.

_Obs._ Extract of rhatany is astringent and tonic.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr. A large quantity of this extract, of very inferior quality, is imported from Brazil, and other parts of South America. It is kept in two states, hard and soft; the former resembles KINO, and is often sold for it; the latter is chiefly consumed by the manufacturers and 'improvers' of port wine.

=Extract of Rhu'barb.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RHEI (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Rhubarb (sliced or bruised), 8 oz.; rectified spirit, 5 oz.; distilled water, 50 oz.; macerate 4 days, strain, and set it aside, that the fæces may subside; next decant the clear portion, strain, mix, and evaporate to a proper consistence over a water bath at 160° F.

2. (Ph. L.) As EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L. (nearly). "The extract is obtained of finer quality by evaporation in a vacuum with a gentle heat." The Baden formula is similar.

_Obs._ This extract is usually prepared by decoction from inferior and damaged rhubarb, picked out from the chests on purpose; hence the inferior quality of the extract of the shops. When made of good Turkey, or even East India rhubarb, it is a very valuable preparation.--_Dose._ As a stomachic, 5 to 10 gr.; as a purgative, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr. It is seldom exhibited alone. _Product._ 5%.

3. (Fluid; LIQUOR OF RHUBARB, ESSENCE OF R.; LIQUOR RHEI, EXTRACTUM RHEI FLUIDUM, L.)--_a._ (W. Procter.) Rhubarb (in coarse powder), 8 oz.; mix it with an equal bulk of coarse sand, and moisten it with dilute alcohol (sp. gr. ·935, = 13 u. p.) to form a pasty mass; in a short time introduce it into a percolator, shake it until uniformly settled, and cover it with cloth or paper; then pour on the rest of the spirit (the remainder of 2 pints) until the product has little odour or taste of the root; next gently evaporate the tincture to 5-1/2 fl. oz., and add sugar, 5 oz., when the whole should measure 8 fl. oz.--_Dose_, 15 to 30 drops.

_b._ (Ph. U. S.) As the last, adding of oils of fennel and anise, of each 4 drops; (dissolved in) tincture of ginger, 4 fl. dr.

4. (Compound; EXTRACTUM RHEI COMPOSITUM, E. PANCHYMAGOGUM, L.--Ph. Bor.) Extract of rhubarb, 3 dr.; extract of aloes, 1 dr. (softened with) water, 4 dr.; mix, and add of soap of jalap, 1 dr. (dissolved in) proof spirit, 4 dr.; lastly, evaporate to an extract, dry this in a warm place, and powder. Stomachic and purgative.--_Dose_, 4 to 20 gr.

=Extract of Rue.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RUTÆ, E. FOLIORUM RUTÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From rue leaves (_Rutæ graveolens_), as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.

2. (Alcoholic--P. Cod.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod. (nearly.) The formula of the Ph. Wert. is similar.

_Obs._ This extract is stomachic, carminative and emmenagogue.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr., twice a day. It is usual to add a little of the essential oil to the extract, just before taking it out of the evaporating-pan, and when nearly cold. The first is the form adopted in trade in this country.

=Extract of Saf'fron.= _Syn._ POLYCHROITE, EXTRACTUM CROCI, L. _Prep._ 1. From hay saffron, as EXTRACT OF COLOCYNTH--Ph. L.

2. (P. Cod.) From the tincture. Superior to the last.

_Obs._ The first is used chiefly as a colouring and flavouring substance by cooks, confectioners, wine and cordial brewers, &c.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.; as an excitant, antispasmodic, and emmenagogue.

=Extract of Sarsaparil'la.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SARZÆ, E. SARSAPARILLÆ, L.; EXTRAIT DE SALSEPAREILLE, Fr. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1836.) From sarsaparilla, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. The Ph. D. 1826 is similar.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1 dr. _Product._ (From Jamaica sarsaparilla) 32% to 36%.

2. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM SARZÆ ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ From a tincture of the root-bark, prepared with proof spirit, either by digestion or percolation.

_b._ (P. Cod. and Ph. U. S.) From sarsaparilla root (powdered), as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod. Superior to the aqueous extract.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.

3. (Fluid; LIQUOR OF SARSAPARILLA, ESSENCE OF S.; LIQUOR SARZÆ, ESSENTIA SARSAPARILLÆ, EXTRACTUM SARZÆ LIQUIDUM--Ph. L., E. S. FLUIDUM--Ph. E. & D., L.); EXTRACTUM SARZÆ LIQUIDUM--(B. P.) _a._ Jamaica sarsaparilla cut transversely, 16; distilled water (temp. 160° Fahr.), 280; rectified spirit, 1. Macerate in half the water for 6 hours, and decant the liquor; digest the residue in the remainder of the water for 6 hours more, mix the liquors, express and filter; evaporate by water bath to 7, or until it has a sp. gr. of 1·130; when cold add the spirit. Sp. gr. should be about 1·025.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 dr.

_b._ (Ph. L.) Sarsaparilla, 3-1/2 lbs.; distilled water, 3 galls.; boil to 12 pints, pour off the liquor, and strain whilst hot; again boil the sarsaparilla in water, 2 galls., to one half, and strain; evaporate the mixed liquors to 18 fl. oz.; and when cold, add of rectified spirit, 2 fl. oz. Each fl. oz. represents 2-1/8 oz. of the root (nearly).

_c._ (Ph. E.) Sarsaparilla, 1 lb.; boiling water, 4 pints; digest 2 hours, then bruise the root, boil it for 2 hours, filter, and express the liquid; repeat the coction with water, 2 pints, as before; evaporate the mixed liquors to the consistence of a thin syrup, and, when cold enough, add of rectified spirit q. s. to make up 16 fl. oz. Each fl. oz. represents 6 dr. of the root, and 6 fl. oz. of the decoction.

_d._ (Ph. D.) Sarsaparilla, 1 lb. (avoir.); proceed as before, and add of rectified spirit, q. s. to make the product up to 20 fl. oz. Strength, as the last (nearly). In the Ph. D. 1826 the decoction of sarsaparilla, 1 lb. (troy), was ordered to be evaporated to 30 oz., which with the spirit (2 oz.) made the preparation only half the strength of the present one.

4. (Compound; EXTRACTUM SARZÆ COMPOSITUM, E. SARSAPARILLÆ COMP., L.) There is no form for this preparation in the Pharmacop[oe]ias, but it is nevertheless in immense demand, from its great convenience in dispensing. The following formulæ are employed by one of the wholesale houses that does largest in this preparation:--