Part 162

2. (Ph. E.) As EXTRACT OF FOXGLOVE--Ph. E.

3. (Ph. P.) From the fresh leaves and young branches, as EXTRACT OF BELLADONNA.--_Dose_, 3 to 6 gr.

4. (Ph. U. S.) From the expressed juice coagulated by heat and strained.

_Obs._ In the Paris Codex Extracts are ordered to be prepared from henbane both by the processes Nos. 1 and 4 above.--_Product_ (by the ordinary method):--1 lb. of the fresh leaves yielded fully 8 dr. of extract (Geiger); 1 cwt. yielded 4 to 5 lb. (Brande); 1 cwt. of the recent plant yielded, by an ordinary screw press, 59-1/2 lbs. of juice, and this evaporated in a water bath gave 5 lbs. 9 oz. of extract (Squire); 1-3/4 cwt. of the green herb yielded 11 lbs. of extract (Gray).--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr.; as an anodyne, hypnotic, antispasmodic, sedative, and narcotic, more especially in those cases in which the use of opium is objectionable. _Externally_, as a topical application to sore or inflamed parts, either made into an ointment or spread on plaster.

5. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI ALCOHOLICUM, L.) The formulæ of the Ph. Bad., Par. & U. S. are similar to those for ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE.

6. (E. OF HENBANE SEEDS; EXTRACTUM SEMINUM HYOSCYAMI, L.--P. Cod.) An extract of the seeds made with spirit sp. gr. ·900 (=about 16 o. p.) is dissolved in 4 parts of cold water, and the solution filtered and evaporated. Stronger than the simple extract.--_Dose_, 1/4 to 3 gr.

=Extract of Ho'ly This'tle.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CARDUI BENEDICTI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Baden.) From holy or blessed thistle (_Carduus Benedictus_) by displacement with cold water.

2. (Ph. Bor.) As EXTRACT OF GENTIAN--Ph. L. (nearly). Tonic, diaphoretic, febrifuge, often diuretic, and occasionally emetic.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr., as a tonic or stomachic chiefly.

=Extract of Hops.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM LUPULI (B. P., Ph. L. & E.), E. HUMULI (Ph. D.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Hop, 8; rectified spirit, 15; distilled water, 80. Macerate the hop in the spirit for 7 days, press out the tincture, filter, and distil off the spirit, leaving a soft extract; boil the residual hop with the water for one hour, then express the liquor, strain, and evaporate on a water bath to the consistence of a soft extract. Mix the two extracts, and evaporate at a temperature not exceeding 160° to a pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

2. (Ph. L.) From commercial hops (the strobiles or catkins of _Humulus Lupulus_), 2-1/2 lbs.; boiling distilled water, 2 galls.; macerate for 24 hours, boil to a gallon, strain whilst hot, and evaporate to a proper consistence. The form of the Ph. E. is nearly similar.

3. (Ph. D.) As EXTRACT of ALOES--Ph. D. Tonic and stomachic, and slightly anodyne and hypnotic.--_Dose_, 5 gr. to 30 gr.; in dyspepsia, and cases that do not permit of the use of opium. 1 cwt. of ordinary hops yield about 40 lbs. of extract. (Brande.) The druggists usually employ hops 2 or more years old, called by the dealers 'yearlings,' 'olds,' or 'old olds,' because these may be purchased at 2/3 to 1/2 the price of those of the last season's growth. The first of the above are estimated to have only 2/3 the strength of new hops; the second about 1/2; and the last little or none, at least in a medical point of view.

4. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM LUPULI ALCOHOLICUM, L.--Cottereau.) By displacement with proof spirit. Stronger than the aqueous extract.

=Extract of Hore'hound.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MARRUBII, L. _Prep._ 1. From the fresh herb, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE.

2. From the infusion or decoction. Antispasmodic, pectoral, tonic, and emmenagogue.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1 dr.

3. (Ph. Baden.) By displacement with cold water.

4. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM MARRUBII ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ From a tincture made with proof spirit. Said by M. Thoriel to possess considerable power as a febrifuge.--_Dose_, 5 gr. to 20 gr.

_b._ (Ph. Lusit.) From a tincture made with a mixture of rectified spirit, 1 part, and water, 7 parts. Inferior to the last.

=Extract of Ind'ian Hemp.= _Syn._ CANNABINE, HEMP RESIN, ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF INDIAN HEMP; EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDICÆ, E. C. I. ALCOHOLICUM, RESINA CANNABIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Indian hemp in coarse powder, 1; rectified spirit, 5; macerate seven days, press out the tincture, distil off the spirit, and evaporate.--_Dose_, 1/4 to 1 grain in pill.

2. (O'Shaughnessy.) The dried resinous tops of Indian hemp ('GUNJAH') are boiled in rectified spirit until all the resin is taken up, when most of the spirit is distilled off, and the evaporation completed by the heat of a water bath. 1 cwt. yields about 7 lbs.

3. (Robertson). By slowly acting on the 'gunjah' with the vapour of alcohol, by a species of percolation; the spirit of the resulting tincture is partly removed by distillation, and the rest by slow evaporation at a temperature not above 150° Fahr. 1 cwt. yields about 8 lbs.--_Dose_ of the last two, 1 to 3 gr., gradually increased.

4. (Messrs Smith.) The bruised 'gunjah' is exhausted with tepid water, then with a solution of carbonate of soda (1 of carbonate to 2 of gunjah), and next with pure water; it is then pressed, dried, and exhausted by displacement with rectified spirit; the tincture is agitated with a milk of lime (containing 1 oz. of lime for every lb. of gunjah), and, after filtration or decantation, any retained lime is precipitated by a little sulphuric acid in slight excess; the tincture is next agitated with animal charcoal, and again filtered; most of the spirit is now removed by distillation, and 3 or 4 times its bulk of water being added, the remaining spirit is removed by a gentle heat; lastly, the remaining water is poured off, and the resin remaining washed with fresh water, and dried. Product, 6%.--Commencing dose, 1/4 gr.

3. (Purified; EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDICÆ PURIFICATUM, L.--Ph. D.) From the crude extract of Indian hemp, as imported ('CHURRUS'), 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 4 fl. oz.; dissolve, and after defecation, decant, and evaporate.

_Obs._ The preparations of Indian hemp are said to be anæsthetic, anodyne, hypnotic, stimulant, phrenic, and aphrodisiac, and, in overdoses, to produce catalepsy. They have been recommended in hysteria, hydrophobia, cholera, rheumatism, chorea, convulsions, and various other painful spasmodic and nervous affections of a serious character. According to the observations of Dr O'Shaughnessy, 1 gr. of the extract produced catalepsy in a rheumatic patient. The extract prepared with the plant grown in our botanic gardens has quite a different effect to that of the Indian plant; and it also appears that the inhabitants of this country are less susceptible to its action than those of India, and consequently bear the drug in larger doses. This hemp is known in India as the 'increaser of pleasure,' the 'exciter of desire,' the 'cementer of friendship,' the 'causer of a reeling gait,' the 'laughter-mover,' &c. See EXTRACT OF HEMP (_above_), HEMP, &c.

=Extract of Ipecac'uanha.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM IPECACUANHA, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From ipecacuanha, as EXTRACT OF BOX.--P. Cod.

2. (Ph. Bor.) As EXTRACT OF HENBANE SEEDS. Expectorant and emetic.--_Dose_, 1-1/2 to 8 gr.

=Extract of I'ron.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM FERRI, E. MARTIS, L. _Prep._ 1. From tincture of tartarised iron.--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr.; as a chalybeate tonic.

2. (Compound.) See EXTRACT OF APPLE.

=Extract of Jabor'andi (Fluid).= (F. V. Greene, 'Amer. Journ. Pharm.,' 1877.) _Prep._ Jaborandi leaves in moderately fine powder, 16 troy oz.; alcohol (50 per cent.), a sufficient quantity. Moisten the powder thoroughly with the menstruum, pack in a conical glass percolator, place a layer of two inches of well-washed sand on the top of the cloth covering the material, add menstruum until the liquid begins to drop from the percolator, when the lower orifice is to be closed with a cork, and the percolator securely covered; set aside in a moderately warm place for four days. At the expiration of this time remove the cork, and add more menstruum by degrees until the material is exhausted. The first 14 ounces (old measure) of the percolate are to be reserved, and the remainder evaporated on a water bath, with constant stirring towards the close, to 2 fluid ounces (old measure), which are to be added to the reserved portion. If the percolation and evaporation have been properly performed the fluid extract will not be required to be filtered.

=Extract of Jal'ap.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ (B. P.), E. SIVE RESINA JALAPÆ (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Jalap in coarse powder, 1; rectified spirit, 5; distilled water, 10; macerate the jalap in the spirit for seven days, press out the tincture, then filter, and distil off the spirit, leaving a soft extract; again macerate the residual jalap in the water for four hours, express, strain through flannel, and evaporate by a water bath to a soft extract; mix the two extracts, and evaporate at a temperature not exceeding 140° F. to a proper consistence for forming pills.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.

2. (Ph. L.) Jalap (powdered) 2-1/2 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; digest four days, and express the tincture; boil the 'marc' in water, 2 galls.; until reduced to 1/2 gall.; filter the tincture and decoction separately, and let the one distil and the other evaporate until each thickens; lastly, mix the two and complete the evaporation.--_Product._ About 66% = 16% of alcoholic and 50% of aqueous extract. (Brande.) 18 lbs. yield 12 lbs. of extract. (Lab. Journ.)--_Dose_, 6 to 15 gr.

3. (Ph. E.) From tincture of jalap prepared by displacement with rectified spirit. It consists of impure resin of jalap. It is more active than the last.--_Prod._ 16%.--_Dose_, 2 to 6 gr.

4. (Ph. Ed. 1744, EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ ALKALINUM.) As extract jalap (B. P.) adding for every pound of jalap, 1 oz., or q. s. of carbonate of potash.

_Obs._ Extract of jalap is an active purgative. It should be well beaten up with a little sulphate of potassa, sugar, or some aromatic powder, to prevent it griping. The substance commonly sold as extract of jalap in the shops is prepared by boiling jalap root for 3 or 4 hours in water, when it is taken out, and well bruised or sliced, and again boiled with water until exhausted of soluble matter. The mixed decoctions are then allowed 12 or 14 hours for defecation, after which the supernatant portion is decanted and evaporated.

Extract of jalap "should be kept in the soft state (EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ, E. J. MOLLE), so as to form pills; and in the hard state (HARD EXTRACT OF JALAP; EXTRACTUM JALAPÆ DURUM), that it may be rubbed to powder." (Ph. L.)

=Extract of Jasmine (Yellow).= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GELSEMII FLUIDUM. (Ph. U. S.) _Prep._ Yellow jasmine in very fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); rectified spirit, 16 oz. (old measure). Proceed as for fluid extract of cubebs. (Ph. U. S.)

=Extract of Ju'niper.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JUNIPERI, E. BACCARUM J., L. _Prep._ (P. Cod.) Macerate juniper berries in water at 77° to 86° Fahr., for 24 hours, strain, repeat the process with a fresh quantity of water, mix the liquors, filter, and evaporate.--_Dose_, 20 gr. to 1 dr.; as a stimulant diuretic, in dropsy, &c.; and also as a pill-basis.

=Extract of Kalada'na.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM KALADANÆ, L. _Prep._ (Bengal Disp.) From the tincture of the seeds of kaladana (_Pharbitis Nil_). Purgative said to be equal to EXTRACT OF JALAP, and of double the strength.

=Extract of Lettuce=. _Syn._ INSPISSATED JUICE OF LETTUCE; EXTRACTUM LACTUCÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) The inspissated juice evaporated to a pillular consistence, according to the directions given for EXTRACTUM BELLADONNÆ.

2. (Ph. L.) From the fresh leaves of garden lettuce (_Lactuca sativa_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L. Anodyne, sedative, hypnotic, and antispasmodic.--_Dose_, 3 to 10 gr. 1 cwt. of lettuce yields 4 lbs. to 5 lbs. of extract.

3. (Probait.) From the external parts of the stalks and the old and yellow leaves, after the plants have flowered, by maceration in water for 24 hours, and decoction for 2 hours; the expressed liquid is first evaporated by a gentle heat, and afterwards spread on shallow dishes, and dried by exposure to a current of air. Stronger than the last.--_Dose_, 1 to 5 gr.

4. (E. OF WILD LETTUCE, INSPISSATED JUICE OF W. L.; EXTRACTUM LACTUCÆ VIROSÆ, SUCCUS SPISSATUS L. V.--Ph. E., L.)--_a._ (Ph. E.) From the leaves of strong-scented wild lettuce (_Lactuca virosa_).[295]

[Footnote 295: See general instructions, p. 682.]

_b._ (P. Cod.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE.--P. Cod.

_c._ (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF FOXGLOVE--Ph. Baden. See LACTUCARIUM.

=Extract of Liq'uorice.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (SOFT E. OF L.; EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ MOLLE, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L.) From fresh liquorice root, as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.

_b._ (Ph. E.) From the fresh root, cut into slices, dried, and powdered, as EXTRACT OF GENTIAN--Ph. E. The form of the Ph. Baden is very similar.

_c._ (Ph. D.) As ordered for simple extracts (EXTRACTA SIMPLICIORA--Ph. D.).

_d._ (B. P.) Liquorice root in coarse powder, 1; cold distilled water, 5; macerate the root in half the water for twelve hours, strain, and press; again macerate the pressed marc with the remainder of the water for 6 hours, strain and press, mix the strained liquors, heat to 212° F., strain, and evaporate to a pill consistence.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 dr.

_e._ (B. P. EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ LIQUIDUM.) _Prep._ Liquorice root in coarse powder, 1 lb.; distilled water, 4 pints. Macerate the liquorice with two pints of water for twelve hours, strain, and press; again macerate the pressed marc with the remainder of the water for six hours, strain, and press. Mix the strained liquors, heat to 212° Fahr., and strain through flannel; then evaporate by a water bath until it has acquired, when cold, a specific gravity of 1·160; add to this one eighth of its volume of rectified spirit; let the mixture stand for twelve hours and filter.

_f._ (U. S. Disp.) Crude liquorice (SPANISH JUICE), q. s. is dissolved in water, and the solution filtered and evaporated. To produce a good article (EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ PURIFICATUM) in this way, the solution should be allowed some hours for defecation, and should not be decanted and strained until quite cold.

_Obs._ Soft extract of liquorice is often employed as a pill-basis, and the hard extract (SPANISH JUICE, &c.) is used as a lozenge to allay tickling cough. The principal portion of the latter is, however, consumed by the porter brewers and brewers' druggists. The product of the last formula, evaporated until it is quite solid when cold, and made into small pipes, sticks, or rolls, forms the BEST REFINED LIQUORICE or REFINED JUICE of the shops.

2. (HARD E. OF L., SPANISH JUICE, S. LIQUORICE, GLYCYRRHIZIN, BLACK SUGAR; EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZÆ SIMPLEX, E. G. DURUM, SUCCUS G., S. G. SPISSATUS, L.) This is seldom prepared by the English druggists, being principally imported in the dry state from Spain and Italy. That from Solazzi (SOLAZZI JUICE) is the most esteemed. A great deal of the foreign extract is mixed with fecula, or the pulp of plums, hence its inferior quality. It also frequently contains copper, derived from the boilers in which it is prepared. The extract prepared from the fresh root is usually preferred to the best foreign, as the latter has a less sweet and agreeable taste. REFINED JUICE is prepared by dissolving the foreign juice in water, filtering and evaporating. See LIQUORICE, and _above_.

=Extract of Lobe'lia.= _Syn._ ACETIC EXTRACT OF INDIAN TOBACCO; EXTRACTUM LOBELIÆ, E. L. INFLATÆ, L. _Prep._ (W. Proctor.) Lobelia seeds (bruised), 8 oz.; dilute alcohol (sp. gr. ·935), 4 pints; acetic acid, 1 fl. oz.; by maceration for 24 hours, and subsequent displacement. Expectorant and diaphoretic, in small doses; emetic and narcotic, in larger ones. It is principally used in asthma and other chest diseases.--_Dose_, 1/4 gr. to 5 gr.

=Extract of Log'wood.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM HÆMATOXYLI (B. P.), E. H. CAMPECHIANI, (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Logwood in chips, 1; boiling distilled water, 10; macerate 24 hours, boil to 5, strain, and evaporate to an extract, but not in iron vessels.

2. (Ph. L.) From cut logwood (logwood chips), as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L.

3. (Ph. E.) As the last (nearly).

4. (Ph. D. 1826 and Wholesale.) From the decoction.

_Obs._ The Ph. U. S. 1841 orders the wood to be rasped. The Ph. Baden directs displacement with cold water. On the large scale, this extract is prepared solely by decoction. 1 cwt. of wood yields about 20 lbs. of extract (Brande); 80 lbs. yield 14 lbs. of extract (Gray.) It is kept in two states--hard (EXTRACTUM HÆMATOXYLI DURUM) and soft (E. H. MOLLE). The dose of the first is 10 to 20 gr., dissolved in wine, or any cordial water; as an astringent, after each motion in diarrh[oe]a; the second is often employed as a lozenge in the same disease, and is an inexpensive and agreeable remedy for simple relaxation of the bowels.

=Extract of Lov'age.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM LEVISTICI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Baden.) From lovage (_Levisticum officinale_), as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod. Aromatic, stomachic, and diaphoretic.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.

=Extract of Lu'puline.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM LUPULINÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From lupuline (the powder separated from hops by rubbing and sifting), by infusion in cold water, or by displacement.

2. (EXTRACTUM LUPULINÆ COCTIONE PARATUM.) From the decoction. Both similar to extract of hops, but stronger. The first is the most aromatic; the last the most bitter.

=Extract of Mad'der.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM RUBIÆ. L. _Prep._ (Ph. Hamb.) From the tincture of dyer's madder (_Rubia tinctorum_), made with rectified spirit, 1 part, and water, 3 parts.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 30 gr.; as a diuretic, emmenagogue, and parturifacient; and in jaundice, &c.

=Extract of Mahog'any.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM SWIETENIÆ, L. From the chips and sawdust of mahogany (_Swietenia Mahogoni_). It is astringent, and is frequently sold for kino. It is also employed in tanning.

=Extract of Male Fern.= _Syn._ ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF MALE FERN; EXTRACTUM FILICIS, B. P. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Ebers.) From the tincture of the dried root of male fern (_Lastræa Filix-mas_), made with rectified spirit. In tape-worm.--_Dose_, 20 gr. to 1/2 dr., twice a day, made into an electuary with powdered sugar, and followed by a strong dose of castor oil.

2. (Ethereal.) B. P. (EXTRACTUM FILICIS LIQUIDUM.) Fern root, in coarse powder, 1; ether, 2-1/2, or a sufficiency. Pack closely in a percolator with 1 of the ether, add the rest at intervals, until it passes through colourless, distil off the ether, and the liquid extract remains.--_Dose_, 30 to 60 minims. See OIL OF MALE FERN.

=Extract of Malt.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MALTI, E. BYNES, L. _Prep._ 1. From the infusion made with water at a temperature ranging between 160° and 170° Fahr., drained off, without pressure, and evaporated to the consistence of honey. Nutritious and laxative.--_Dose._ A table-spoonful, or more, _ad libitum_.

2. EXTRACT OF MALT, FERRATED. (Ph. G.) Extract of malt, 47-1/2 oz., mixed with 1 oz. of pyrophosphate of iron and citrate of ammonia, dissolved in 1-1/2 oz. of water.

=Extract of Ma''rygold.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CALENDULÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Guibourt.) By maceration of the herb and flowers of the common marygold (_Calendula officinalis_) in tepid water for 24 hours, and subsequent coction for 15 or 20 minutes.

2. (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF ANGELICA--Ph. Baden.--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr.; cordial, diaphoretic, alterative, and emmenagogue; in dyspepsia, and scirrhous and cancerous affections.

=Extract of May-apple.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI. L. _Prep._ (Ph. U. S. 1841.) From the tincture of the root (rhizomes) of may-apple (_Podophyllum peltatum_).--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.; as a substitute for extract of jalap. See PODOPHYLLIN.

=Extract of Mea'dow Saf'fron.= See EXTRACT OF COLCHICUM.

=Extract of Meat.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF FLESH; EXTRACTUM CARNIS, L. _Prep._ (Liebig.) The lean of recently killed meat (chopped very small), 1 part; cold water, 8 parts; agitate it well together for 10 minutes; then heat it gradually to the boiling-point, let it simmer gently for a few minutes, and strain through a hair sieve whilst still hot; lastly, evaporate to a soft mass. 1 lb. of meat yields barely 1 oz. See ESSENCE OF BEEF, TEA (Beef), &c.

=Extract of Mezere'on.= _Syn._ MEZEREON RESIN; EXTRACTUM MEZEREI, RESINA MEZEREI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Alcoholic; E. M. ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ (Ph. Hamb.) By distilling off 5/6ths of the tincture made with rectified spirit, and filtering the residue, retaining what is left on the filter.

_b._ By the simple distillation of the tincture.

_Obs._ Green or brownish green; insoluble in water. 1/2 oz. mezereon root-bark yielded 1-1/2 oz. (Hamb. Disp.) It is chiefly used in preparing blistering ointments and plasters.

2. (Ethereal; GREEN OIL OF MEZEREON; EXTRACTUM MEZEREI ÆTHEREUM. B. P.)--_a._ B. P. Mezereon bark cut small, 1 lb.; rectified spirit, 8 pints; ether, 1 pint. Macerate the mezereon in 6 pints of the spirit for 3 days, with frequent agitation, strain, and press. To the residue of the mezereon add the remainder of the spirit, and again macerate for 3 days, with constant agitation, strain, and press. Mix and filter the strained liquors, recover the greater part of the spirit by distillation, evaporate what remains to the consistence of a soft extract, put this in a stoppered bottle with the ether, and macerate for 24 hours, shaking them frequently; decant the etherial solution, recover part of the ether by distillation, and evaporate what remains to the consistence of a soft extract.

_b._ (Ph. Bor.) By digesting alcoholic extract of mezereon in ether for some days with agitation, reducing the tincture to 1-4th by careful distillation, and evaporating the residuum by a gentle heat to the consistence of an extract.

_c._ (Ph. U. S. EXTRACTUM MEZEREI FLUIDUM.) Mezereon in moderately coarse powder, 16 oz. (troy); alcohol (·817), 16 oz. (old measure); proceed as for fluid extract of cubebs. (Ph. U. S.)

_Obs._ Both the alcoholic and ethereal extract of mezereon must be kept in stoppered bottles. The latter, like the former, is used as an external irritant.

=Extract of Mil'foil.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MILLEFOLII, _E. Achiliæ m._, L. _Prep._ From the herb milfoil or yarrow (_Achillea millefolium_), as EXTRACT OF HOPS--Ph. L. Astringent, tonic, and alterative.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr.

=Extract of Mimo'sa Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CORTICIS MIMOSÆ, L. _Prep._ From the bark of several Australian species of Acacia or Mimosa (_Acacia mollissima_, _A. decurrens_, _A. melanoxylon_, &c.). It is chiefly imported from Van Diemen's Land. Astringent. Said to be superior to oak bark for tanning.

=Extract of Mone'sia Bark.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MONESIÆ, E. M. PURIFICATUM, L. _Prep._ From the monesia or buranheim bark (bark of _Chrysophyllum Buranheim_); or from commercial monesia, as EXTRACT OF CATECHU. Astringent.--_Dose_, 4 to 8 gr.

=Extract of Mug'wort.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ARTEMISIÆ, L. _Prep._ From the tops of the common mugwort (_Artemisia vulgaris_), as EXTRACT OF BOX,--P. Cod. An active emmenagogue.

=Extract of Myrrh.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Aqueous; EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ AQUOSUM, L.)--_a._ From the strained decoction.

_b_. (Ph. Bor.) As EXTRACT OF ALOES--Ph. Bor., afterwards reducing it to a fine powder. The formula of the Ph. Baden is similar.--_Dose_, 6 to 15 gr., or more.

2. (Alcoholic; RESIN OF MYRRH; EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ ALCOHOLICUM, E. M. RESINOSUM, L.) From the tincture. Tonic and stimulant.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr., or more.

3. (Compound; EXTRACTUM MYRRHÆ COMPOSITUM, L.--Swediaur.) Myrrh, 2 oz.; gum arabic (in powder), 2 dr.; triturate, add water, q. s. to form a thick emulsion, and add extract of couch grass, 4 oz. Much recommended in phthisis and uterine ulcerations.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr. in water, twice or thrice daily.